chem 5
What is an acidic anhydride?
Any substance that forms an acid when mixed with water. Nonmetal oxides are acid anhydrides.
The temperature at which a solid melts is the melting point of the solid. The melting point is an indication of the intermolecular forces that holds a solid together. Aluminum melts at 660°C. Gold melts at 1064°C. Lead melts at 328°C. Which one of the following ranks the intermolecular forces in these solid elements from the strongest to the weakest?
Au > Al > Pb
Which substance is added to foods high in oil and fat to prevent rancidity?
BHT
Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of barium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid?
Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl → BaCl2 + 2 H2O
Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of barium hydroxide with sulfuric acid?
Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 H2O
What are some problems associated with the use of solar cells, for providing electrical energy both for whole cities and for a single home?
-It is difficult to transform solar energy into other useful forms. -solar energy is not concentrated.
The molarity of a solution that contains 6.0 g of NaOH in a liter of solution is
.15 m
The number of moles of NaOH that are in 250 mL of a 3.0 molar solution is 0.25 moles.0.75 moles.1.0 moles.1.5 moles.
.75 moles
A gas is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a piston. The volume of the gas is 5.00 L at 0.500 atm pressure. The piston is moved to change the volume to 3.00 L. Which of the following is a reasonable value for the pressure of the gas at the new volume?
.833
Consider the following balanced reaction:N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g)How many moles of NH3 could be produced from 0.500 mol of H2?
0.333 mol
In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, the coefficient of calcium hydroxide is
1
In the reaction CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O how many moles of oxygen are required to burn 8.0 g of methane?
1
What conditions are meant by "standard temperature and pressure" (STP)?
1 atm and 0° C
Heat stroke typically begins after approximately what percentage of body weight is lost as sweat?
10
Hydroiodic acid is classified as a strong acid in water. This means that it produces
100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
Lithium hydroxide is classified as a strong base in water. This means that it produces
100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
Which pH value would indicate a very basic solution?
12
hexene
12
Which of the following does NOT contain Avogadro's number of particles? 6.02 × 1023 atoms of aluminum23 g of sodium1.0 mole of silver12 g of water
12 g of water
Calculate the number of moles of sodium chloride needed to make 4.0 L of a 3.0 M solution. 3.0 moles of sodium chloride7.0 moles of sodium chloride4.0 moles of sodium chloride12 moles of sodium chloride
12 moles of soudm chloride
What is the pHpH of an aqueous solution with [H3O+] =[H3O+] = 2×10−14 MM ? Express the pH numerically using one decimal place.
13.7
cyclononane
18
What mass in grams of the magnetic oxide of iron (Fe3O4Fe3O4) can be made from 14.0 gg of pure iron and an excess of oxygen? The equation is Fe+O2→Fe3O4Fe+O2→Fe3O4 (not balanced)
19.4
In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with nitric acid, HNO3, the coefficient of water is
2
Starting with the partially balanced equation, C2H5OH(l)+O2(g)→?CO2(g)+3H2O(l)C2H5OH(l)+O2(g)→?CO2(g)+3H2O(l) what coefficient should be placed in front of CO2CO2 to balance the carbon atoms?
2
The following reaction is important in the removal of sulfur dioxide, a major source of acid rain, from the smokestacks of coal burning power plants. When the equation below is balanced, the coefficient of calcium oxide (commonly called "lime") is:CaO + SO2 + O2 → CaSO4
2
how many oxygens CH3(C=O)OCH2CH3
2
Which of the following equations is balanced?
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O
Explain its meaning at the molecular level.
2 molecules of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2H2O2) decompose to form two molecules of water (H2OH2O) and one molecule of oxygen (O2O2).
2C4H10+13O2 → 8CO2+10H2O
2 moles of butane (C4H10C4H10) react with 13 moles of oxygen (O2O2) to produce 8 moles of carbon dioxide (CO2CO2) and 10 moles of water (H2OH2O).
2Ca+O2 → 2CaO
2 moles of calcium (CaCa) react with 1 mole of oxygen (O2O2) to produce 2 moles of calcium oxide (CaOCaO).
Interpret it in terms of moles.
2 moles of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2H2O2) decompose to form two moles of water (H2OH2O) and one mole of oxygen (O2O2).
How many moles of Kr(g)Kr(g) are there in 0.550 LL of the gas at 0.946 atmatm and 25 ∘C∘C?
2.13×10−2 molmol
Which of the following is a reasonable pHpH for vinegar?
2.2
Describe how you would prepare 2.44 kgkg of an aqueous solution that is 16.3% KOHKOH by mass. 0.163 kgkg KOHKOH. Add 0.163 kgkg KOHKOH to 2.277 kgkg water.0.163 kgkg KOHKOH. Add 0.163 kgkg KOHKOH to 2.603 kgkg water.2.44 kgkg solution x 0.163 = 0.40 kgkg KOHKOH. Add 0.40 kgkg KOHKOH to 2.04 kgkg water.2.44 kgkg solution x 0.163 = 0.40 kgkg KOHKOH. Add 0.40 kgkg KOHKOH to 2.84 kgkg water.
2.44 kgkg solution x 0.163 = 0.40 kgkg KOHKOH. Add 0.40 kgkg KOHKOH to 2.04 kgkg water.
How many moles of (NH4)2S are there in 200 g of (NH4)2S?
2.94
At present, what approximate percentage of electricity generated in the United States comes from nuclear energy?
20%
What must the volume be for 8.05 molmol of a gas at 9.08 atmatm and 302 KK?
22 L
Nitroglycerin has a formula C3H5(NO3)3. The molar mass of nitroglycerin is
227
What is the percent by volume concentration of 1.31 LL of ethylene glycol in 5.40 LL of an ethylene glycol-water solution?
24.3
What is the body mass index (BMI) for a 5-ftft 10-inin baseball player who weighs 171 lblb ?
24.6
Which of the following correctly represents the decomposition of potassium chlorate to produce potassium chloride and oxygen gas?
2KClO3(s)→2KCl(s)+3O2(g)
Starting with the partially balanced equation, C2H5OH(l)+?O2(g)→2CO2(g)+3H2O(l)C2H5OH(l)+?O2(g)→2CO2(g)+3H2O(l) what coefficient should be placed in front of O2O2 to balance the oxygen atoms?
3
Starting with the unbalanced equation for the combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH(l)+O2(g)→CO2(g)+?H2O(l)C2H5OH(l)+O2(g)→CO2(g)+?H2O(l) what coefficient should be placed in front of H2OH2O to balance the hydrogen atoms?
3
What is the pHpH of a solution that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.10×10−2 M 0.10×10−2 M?
3
f the concentration of a dilute solution of nitric acid is 0.001 M, what is the pH of that solution?
3
Consider the following equation: N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3Which of the following statements is NOT true for this equation?
3 grams of n2 reacts with 9 grams of h2
Use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume occupied by 0.400 mol of nitrogen gas at 3.00 atm pressure and at 27°C. R = 0.0821 L* atm/(K * mol).
3.28 L
What is the percent by volume concentration of 16.6 mLmL of a hydrogen peroxide in 500. mLmL of a hydrogen peroxide-water solution?
3.32
At STP, 1 mole of oxygen gas, O2, will have a mass of
32
Which of the following contains Avogadro's number of atoms? 100 g of mercury40 g of bromine39 g of potassium15.5 g of phosphorus
39 g of potassium
F2+AlCl3→AlF3+Cl2
3F2+2AlCl3→2AlF3+3Cl23F2+2AlCl3→2AlF3+3Cl2
A sample of gas at a temperature of 500 K has a volume of 10.00 L. The pressure remains constant. What is the volume of the gas at a temperature of 200 K?
4
What is the molecular mass of N2O? 30 g/mole30 amu44 g/mole44 amu
44 amu
The formula mass of CO2 is 44 g/mole.44 u.28 u.28 g/mole.
44 u
Approximately what percentage of U.S. electricity is generated by the burning of coal?
45
For most people, what is the recommended percentage range of calories that should be obtained from carbohydrates in their daily diet?
45 to 65
How many moles of methane are produced when 48.1 molesmoles of carbon dioxide gas react with excess hydrogen gas?
48.1
How many liters of a 0.2 M NaOH solution are needed in order to have 1.0 moles of NaOH? 5 L0.8 L0.2 L8 L
5 L
Which of the following is a fuel?
C
A 0.306 molmol sample of xenon gas has a volume of 15.0 LL at a pressure of 0.556 atmatm. What is the temperature of the gas in degrees Celsius?
59 C
1-butyne hydrogen atoms
6
ethane hydrogen atoms
6
how many oxygen (BiO)2SO4
6
Avogadro's number is
6.02 × 1023
A 2000 Calorie per day diet should contain not more than ________ grams of fat. (1 g of fat = 9 kcal.)
67
State the mass relationships conveyed by the equation.
68.03 g of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2H2O2) decompose to form 36.03 g of water (H2OH2O) and 32.00 g of oxygen (O2O2).
Hallucinations occur when what percentage of the body's fluid volume is lost?
7
One serving of chunk light tuna in water contains 0.5 g of fat. (1 g fat = 9 kcal.) The total food calories in one serving is 60. What percentage of calories come from fat?
7.5
How many moles of sulfur atoms are present in 4.00 moles of CS2?
8
how many oxygens UO2(NO3)2
8
What is the pHpH of a solution that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.70×10−8 M 0.70×10−8 M?
8.15
How many moles of hydrogen gas would be needed to react with excess carbon dioxide to produce 42.1 molesmoles of water vapor?
84.2
Give the molecular formulas for the alkanes with 11 carbon atoms.
C11H24C11H24
ive the molecular formulas for the alkanes with 15 carbon atoms.
C15H32
Which of the following compounds are organic?
C7H14O h2cs
Which of the following compounds are organic?
CH3CH2SCH2CH3CH3CH2SCH2CH3 F3CCH2CH2Cl
The conversion of coal to gas results in the production of synthesis gas. Synthesis gas is a mixture of
CO and H2
Lime is used in farming to reduce the acidity of the soil. The chemical name for lime is calcium oxide. When water in the soil reacts with lime, what base is formed?
Ca(OH)2
Aluminum hydroxide is a popular antacid. The formula of aluminum hydroxide is
CaO(lime)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of coal as a fuel?
Coal is the most plentiful fossil fuel. Coal, as a solid fuel, is hard to move from one location Coal produces more pollution than other fuels. Coal can be converted to more convenient gaseous or liquid fuels.
Which of the following vitamins can cause sickness if taken in too large a quantity?
A and D vitamins
Describe the process of fractional distillation and how it is able to separate the various "fractions".
Fractional distillation separates the various components of petroleum by their boiling points which are proportional to the size of the petroleum molecule.
Leptin controls appetite and metabolic rate.
Ghrelin is an appetite stimulant produced by the stomach.
What is the conjugate acid of HSO3-?
H2SO3
Sulfuric acid is the leading chemical produced and used industrially. What is the formula for sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
Which of the following form a conjugate acid-base pair?
H2SO4 and HSO4-
Write the formula for the compound formed when selenium dioxide reacts with water.
H2SeO3
Phosphoric acid is added to many popular beverages to give them a tart flavor. The formula of phosphoric acid is
H3PO4
NaHCO3
HCO-
What substance would you add to KF(aq)KF(aq) to form a buffer solution?
HF
Which of the following is a correct definition of an acid that is not dependent upon the solvent?
HNO3
Which of the following makes a chemical reaction balanced? the same number of each type of atom appears in both the reactants and the products. The reactants and products are all in the same physical state. The sum of the coefficients is the same in both the reactants and the products. The same number of molecules appears in both the reactants and the products.
the same number of each type of atom appears in both the reactants and the protect
The fact that a heat pump requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the outside of a house) to a hotter object (the inside of the house) is a real life observation of which thermodynamic law?
the second law
In the ideal gas law equation, PV=nRT, R is known as
the universal gas constant
The pressure of a gas will increase when
the volume decreases
Will the volume of a fixed amount of a gas increase, decrease, or remain unchanged with an increase in pressure at constant temperature?
the volume of the gas will decrease
One of the advantages of hydrogen fuel cells as an energy source for space travel is that
the water produced by the cell can be used for other purposes
Which of the following statements about aromatic compounds is true?
they contain a benzene ring
Which of the following contains as many atoms as 18 g of water, H2O? one mole of nitrogen, N2two moles of nitrogen, N2three moles of zinc, Zntwo moles of sodium chloride, NaCl
three moles of zinc, zn
Iodine is an important mineral in the proper functioning of the
thyroid
A useful broad view of reactions between acids and bases involves the
transfer of protons
A compound that contains a −NH2−NH2 group is an amine.
true
A conjugate acid-base pair form a buffer solution.
true
A lack of insulin will cause the liver to begin using fats for energy.
true
According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can be converted from one form to another, but it can neither be created nor destroyed.
true
Branched hydrocarbons have a higher octane rating than straight chain hydrocarbons do.
true
Coal tar and coke are sources of organic chemicals for medical and industrial use.
true
Complex carbohydrates are better nutrition for humans than simple sugars.
true
Free radicals have an unpaired electron and are highly reactive.
true
Fuel cells are more efficient in converting chemical energy to electricity than internal combustion engines are.
true
If a compound is a base according to the Arrhenius definition, it will also be a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry definition.
true
In hydraulic fracturing (fracking), high-pressure liquids are forced into fractures in rocks to remove natural gas.
true
It requires more energy to melt one mole of an ionic compound than one mole of a molecular compound.
true
Malnutrition can develop from eating too many processed foods.
true
Nitrites have been investigated as a possible cause of stomach cancer.
true
Nuclear fusion is the source of energy that powers the sun.
true
Sulfuric acid is an excellent dehydrating agent and will remove water from the cells of skin.
true
The molarity (M) of a solution is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. The molarity (M) of a solution is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.TrueFalse
true
The phrase "like dissolves like" means that a polar substance will dissolve most readily in a polar solvent.
true
The stoichiometric factor relates the moles of any two substances in a balanced chemical reaction.
true
Used oil from fast food restaurants can be used in making biodiesel fuel.
true
When 15 mL of ethanol is mixed with 55 mL of water, ethanol is the solute. When 15 mL of ethanol is mixed with 55 mL of water, ethanol is the solute.TrueFalse
true
When a liquid is converted to a gas there is an increase in entropy.
true
Which is NOT a characteristic of bases?
turn litmus to red
With respect to reactivity on the surface of the earth, chlorofluorocarbons are
very unreactive
Hard water deposits (calcium carbonate) have built up around your bathroom sink. Which one of the following would be best to dissolve the deposit?
vinegar
An all-vegetable diet is usually lacking in
vitamin B12, calcium, iron, riboflavin, and vitamin D
Which vitamin is a steroid hormone that promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from foods to produce and maintain healthy bones?
vitamin d
Part complete Perhaps the first mechanical device used to convert energy into a more useful form was the
waterwheel
A solution of toilet bowl cleaner has a pH of 9. The solution is
weakly basic
Which is a weak base in aqueous solution
NH3
Which of the following ingredients would NOT be an active ingredient in an antacid?
NaBr
Consider the following equation: 2 Na + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + H2Identify the product(s) for this reaction.
NaOH and H2
Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?
O2
What does the term octane rating mean?
Octane rating is an arbitrary measure of the performance standard of gasoline with isooctane given an octane rating of 100.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of petroleum as a source of fuels?
Petroleum is easy to move from location to location Petroleum products can be burned fairly cleanly, but inefficient combustion produces pollution. Petroleum is valuable for many other uses besides as a fuel. Current petroleum consumption may lead to shortages in the near future.
In the ideal gas law equation, PV ≡ nRT, which symbol refers to a constant?
R
The general formula for a carboxylic acid is
RCOOH
Which of the following is an example of a nonmetal oxide? H2SO4LiOHSO2Na2O
SO2
What is the conjugate base of HSO3-?
SO3 -2
What are the benefits of vitamin DD?
Vitamin DD promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
What is a photovoltaic cell?
a cell that converts light directly to electricity
Which of the following situations would be an example of kinetic energy?
a nuclear explosion
Hydrocyanic is classified as a weak acid in water. This means that it produces
a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
Ammonia is classified as a weak base in water. This means that it produces
a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
he use of biomass as a solution to all energy needs is limited by
a shortage of land to grow plants for energy consumption
A buffer solution consists of which component(s)?
a weal acid and its conjugate base
Geothermal energy cannot meet all of our energy needs because
access to geothermal energy is limited to certain regions
Lemon juice has a sour taste and turns litmus to red. Lemon juice is
acidic
When nonmetal oxides react with water, the resulting solution is ________.
acidic
Which of the following is NOT true of the Arrhenius theory?
acids are defined as coumpounds that produce oh- ions in water solution
Which of the following is a correct definition of an acid that is not dependent upon the solvent?
acids are proton donors
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with nuclear power plants?
air pollution
Which class of compound is represented by the general formula R-OH?
alcohol
The structures that contains single bonds and an oxygen are
alcohol and ethers
Part complete Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of acids?
all are characteristics of acids
Which of the following describe(s) structures that have been used to represent benzene?
all of the above
A buffer
all of the above are true
Which of the following statements about bases is correct?
all of these statemts are correct
Which of the following will cause the rate of a chemical reaction to speed up?
all of these will speed up the rate of reaction
Which of the following families of organic compounds does NOT contain an oxygen atom?
amine
Amines are derivatives of
ammonia
Acid rain is caused by acidic pollutants in the air. Which of the following pollutants does NOT contribute to acid rain?
ammonia, NH3
What kinds of food are the main dietary source of saturated fats?
animal products
Organic compounds that contain a benzene ring or possess certain properties similar to those of benzene are called ________ compounds.
aromatic
At a given temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the amount of gas present. This is a statement of
avogadros law
Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as
baking soda
An unknown substance is added to a solution and the pH increases. The substance is best described as a(n)
base
All antacids are
bases
Many medicines have a bitter taste which manufacturers attempt to disguise. Many medicines are probably bases.neutral.salts.acids.
bases
Which of the following is a correct definition of a base that is not dependent upon the solvent?
bases are proton acceptors
When metal oxides react with water, the resulting solution is generally ___
basic
amines are
basic
By definition, acid rain has a pH
below 5.6
The thin film of air, water, and soil in which all life exists is only about 15 km thick and is called the
biosphere
A deficiency of vitamin A may cause
blindness
The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas is called the
boiling point
CH3CH2CH2CH3. hydrocarbons
butane
What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution that has a pHpH of 9?
c(H+)c(H+) = 1×10^−9
The formula of benzene is
c6h6
The structure of the carbonyl group is C=O.
c=o
Coffee, tea, and cola drinks all contain the stimulant
caffeine
The primary element in coal is
carbon
When natural gas is burned in insufficient air, ________ can be (a) major product(s).
carbon and soot
alkene
carbon-carbon double bond
Aldehydes and ketones share a common functional group. The group is the
carbonyl group
The -COOH group represents the
carboxyl group
The functional group of the organic acids is the
carboxyl group
The formula of methanol is
ch3oh
Which food contains all of the essential amino acids?
cheese
When coal burns
chemical energy is converted to heat energy
The most abundant fossil fuel in the United States is
coal
Petroleum is best described as a(n)
complex mixture
The process by which a gas is converted to a liquid is called
condensation
Which of the following processes involves the removal of energy (heat)?
condensation
The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes called the law of
conservation of energy
Choose one of the following to complete this statement correctly: One mole of chlorine (Cl2Cl2) gas
contains 12.04x10^23 cl atoms
Vanilla extract and imitation vanilla flavoring differ in that the extract
contains a greater variety of chemicals
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that
converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy
Which mineral is responsible for the production of melanin, the pigment in skin and hair?
copper
Which of the following combinations account for roughly 98% of the additives we use in our food?
corn syrup, salt and sugar
Many of the flavors isolated from foods are
esters
CH3CH2OCH3 is called
ethyl methyl ether
50 grams of sodium hydroxide will react with 50 grams of hydrochloric acid to give 50 grams of sodium chloride and 50 grams of water.
false
600 mL of a 5.0 M solution of sodium hydroxide contains 5.0 moles of sodium hydroxide. TrueFalse
false
A buffer solution will become much more acidic when even a small amount of a strong acid is added.
false
A covalent bond is weaker than a hydrogen bond.
false
A solution is a heterogeneous mixture.
false
A strong acid will not ionize completely in water.
false
A weak acid will always be less concentrated than a strong acid.
false
Antacids are basic compounds.
false
Biomass is one of the most efficient sources of energy available.
false
Carboxylic acids generally have very pleasant odors.
false
Chemical reactions that release heat to the surroundings are endothermic reactions.
false
If the temperature of a gas is lowered, the gas molecules will strike the walls of its container more frequently. (Assume that the container has a definite shape and volume.) TrueFalse
false
Most acids are strong acids.
false
Most alcohols are very safe to ingest.
false
Nuclear power plants generate large amounts of air pollution.
false
The formula mass of Na2S is 55 u.
false
The ideal gas law can be used to determine a new volume for a gas when its temperature is changed.
false
When an acid and a base react in a neutralization reaction, the products will be acidic.
false
When two compounds react, the amount of energy released is independent of the amounts of the compounds
false
the use of gasoline is an endothermic reaction.
false
Vitamins can be grouped into two broad categories:
fat soluble and water soluble
The U.S. government agency charged with keeping our food safe is the
fda
he simplest carboxylic acid is commonly known as
formic acid
A solution that is 1 molar contains A solution that is 1 molar containsfive moles of solute in 5 moles of solution.four moles of solute in 4 liters of solution.six moles of solute in 600 g of solution.six moles of solute in 6 moles of solvent.
four moles of solute in 4 liters of solution
A substance that burns readily and releases significant amounts of energy is a(n)
fuel
In organic chemistry, compounds are generally classified by
functional group
Which layer from the fractional distillation of petroleum has the lowest boiling point?
gas
Which physical state has the greatest entropy?
gas
Which state of matter is characterized by having molecules far apart and moving randomly?
gas
When coal containing sulfur is burned, the sulfur is converted to
gaseous sulfur oxides that go up the smokestack.
Potassium iodide is added to table salt to prevent
goiters
Iron plays a central role in
hemoglobin structure and oxygen transport
Which of the following structures is aromatic?
hexagram with one N double bonded equally
The major components of petroleum is/are
hydrocarbons
All of the following are strong acids EXCEPT
hydrocyanic acid.
H3O+ is the
hydronium ion
A phenol has a(n) ________ group attached to a benzene ring.
hydroxyl
fiber in the diet may do all of the following EXCEPT
increase the number of calories absorbed
In general, a higher proportion of branched chain hydrocarbons in a gasoline formulationq
increases octane rating
The attraction between an ion and water molecules is
ion dipole interaction
What intermolecular forces or combinations of intermolecular forces are likely to lead to the highest melting point?
ionic forces
An acid is strong if it
ionizes completely in water.
A weak base
ionizes only slightly in solution.
A deficiency of which of the following minerals will result in anemia?
iron
h2HCOHCh2ch2ch3 3d display
isomer
Rubbing alcohol contains
isopropyl alchol
Hydrogen gas has been proposed as a fuel of the future because
it burns to produce water
The SI unit of energy is the
joule
List units that are commonly used to measure energy.
joules calories
The fraction from the distillation of crude petroleum that is slightly heavier than gasoline is called
kerosene
Which substance has the lowest pH?
lemon juice
The pH of rain collected on a remote island in the Pacific is assumed to be unaffected by human pollution. The pH of the rainwater will be
less than 7
Which state of matter is characterized by having molecules close together, but moving randomly?
liquid
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using hydrogen as a fuel for cars?
liquid hydrogen must be stored at very low temperatures
Which of the following petroleum fractions has the highest boiling point?
lubricants
The major component of natural gas is
methane
The petroleum fraction that has the lowest boiling point is
natural gas
A one molar solution is a solution that contains one mole of solute in A one molar solution is a solution that contains one mole of solute inone kilogram of solvent.one liter of solution.one mole of solvent.one kilogram of solution.
one liter of solution
Compounds with a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring are called
phenols
In a solution, the solvent is ________.
present in larger amount than the solute is
H2C=CHCH3. hydrocarbons
propene
HC≡CCH3
propyne
A conjugate acid-base pair differ by one
proton
Classify each substance as either a reactant or product in the chemical reaction.
reactants: oxygen and ethanol products: carbon dioxide and water
A major cause of high blood pressure is excessive intake of _____.
salt
What are the products of an acid and a base in a neutralization reaction?
salt and water
CNH2 3d
same
A disease or condition that vitamin C is known to cure is
scurvy
The ________ law of thermodynamics states that in a spontaneous process, energy is degraded from more useful forms to less useful forms.
second
The fact that a refrigerator requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the inside of the refrigerator) to a hotter object (the outside of the refrigerator) is a real life observation of which law of thermodynamics?
second law
A major inconvenience of coal as a fuel is that it is a(n)
solid
Which physical state has the lowest entropy?
solid
Melting is the change from the ________(1) state to the ________(2) state.
solid, liquid
Ionic compounds have strong forces between particles. This means that generally ionic compounds are ________ at room temperature.
solids
An advantage of natural gas as a fuel is that it is
the cleanest of the fossil fuels
Molarity is a measure of
the concettration of a solute in a solution
The statement "you can't get something for nothing" is another way of expressing
the first law of thermodynamics
Assume that you have a sample of a gas. You know the volume, the temperature and the number of moles of the sample. Which of the following laws would you use if you wanted to calculate the pressure of the sample?
the ideal gas law
Which of the following is a true statement about the process of freezing water?
the process is exothermic
The fastest growing energy source in the United States is
wind power
________ were introduced into western Europe in the Middle Ages.
windmills
The first fuel was
wood
What was the main fuel used in the United States before 1800?
wood
Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?
wood
_____ is the measure of the dispersal of energy in a system.
entropy
alkane
A molecule containing carbon-carbon single bonds.
alkyne
A molecule containing carbon-carbon triple bonds.
hydrocarbon
A molecule containing only hydrogen and carbon.
Aluminum hydroxide is a popular antacid. The formula of aluminum hydroxide is
Al(OH)3
One type of hot-pack hand warmer contains a supersaturated and unstable solution of sodium acetate. It is activated by compressing a metal piece in the solution, which stimulates the crystallization. Hot packs are used by hunters and other outdoor sportsmen and workers in places where access to heaters or fires is not possible. Is this process endothermic or exothermic? Explain.
Exothermic; the process releases heat to the surroundings.
What base is formed by the addition of potassium oxide to water?
KOH
Write the formula for the compound formed when potassium oxide reacts with water.
KOH
The total number of each type of atom must be the same on both sides of an equation in order to satisfy the
Law of Conservation of Matter.
When added to water, which of the following would produce a base?
Li2O
What is the predominant intermolecular force between IBr molecules?
dipole forces
Ethane has the formula CH3CH3. What is the predominant intermolecular force between ethane molecules?
dispersion forces
Liquid hydrogen is used as one part of the booster fuel in the space shuttle. What type of forces exist between hydrogen molecules in liquid hydrogen?
dispersion forces
What type of forces exist between bromine molecules in liquid bromine?
dispersion forces
Which of the following is the weakest?
dispersion forces
Which property is best attributed to acids? View Available Hint(s)
dissolve active metals such as zinc and iron, producing hydrogen gas
To make crude petroleum more useful, it must be
distilled
Wood, crop residues, and ________ still remain the main sources of heat for one-third of the world's people.
dried dung
For most uses, the most convenient form of energy is
electrical
A student mixes compound A with compound B and notices that a chemical reaction occurs. The temperature of the mixture decreases. The reaction is ________.
endothermic
Determine whether the following are exothermic, endothermic, or neither.
endothermic: lighting a fire and charging a battery
A cold pack works by the dissolving of ammonium nitrate in water. Cold packs are carried by athletic trainers when transporting ice is not possible. Is this process endothermic or exothermic? Explain.
endothermic; the process absorbs heat from the surrondings
All of the following examples are classified as potential energy
energy in chemical bonds. Wrong: energy of a moving object. energy stored by position. energy in nuclear particles.
Ketosis is a condition that develops during
starvation
The quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction is
stoicimetry
What is the process called when a solid changes directly to a gas? View Available Hint(s)
sublimation
The relative sweetness scale uses ________ as a reference.
sucrose
The non-carbon atom(s) generally found in heterocyclic compounds are
sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen
Which of the following is a feature of an aromatic compound?
t contains a benzene ring.
Which is NOT a characteristic of acids? taste bitterreact with active metals to form H2 gasreact with bases to form saltsturn litmus red
taste bitter
The yellow-orange color of carrots is due primarily to
β-carotene