Chem ch.1

all of the following processes cause physical changes in matter except

*burning melting freezing boiling

Which statement best describes why table sugar is considered a pure substance?

-Sugar has the same chemical composition throughout. -A bowl of sugar contains only one compound. -Sugar cannot be separated further by physical means.

the following are types of chemical change

-two elements form a compound -one compound is formed into another compound _a compound is broken down into its elements

why was this experiment performed at 37 Celsius?

Because 37 degrees Celsius is near typical human body temperature and this helps me understand how well this enzyme functions at the temperature it is normally found. (it is very important in understanding of physiology)

Energy

Besides matter, all chemical reactions require ____ in order for the reaction to occur

composition

Chemical composition refers to the identity and relative number of the chemical elements that make up any particular compound.

All chemical reactions in chemistry

Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken Energy is released when bonds are formed Reactant elements and/or compounds rearrange to form chemically new products

A pure substance can be separated into components by physical methods.

False

The SI base unit for mass is the gram

False (kilo)

homogeneous mixture

A mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. mixture has the same composition throughout.

mixture

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in any proportion. The substances in a mixture do not combine chemically, so they retain their physical properties.

Distillation

A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points. (Such as a miscible solution of benzene and chloroform)

Atoms

All matter is made of

Nina and her mother both have cell phones. Nina thinks her cell phone is lighter than her mothers. If Nina wants to compare the masses of the cell phones, what is the best tool for her to use?

Balance

Chromatography

If you wanted to separate mixture into components with different rates of attraction for another substance, you would probably use ___________________. (Like separate different pigments extracted from leaves)

What occurs during a chemical reaction?

The bonds in reactants break so that elements can rearrange and form new products

What statement best describes what occurs during a chemical reaction?

The bonds in reactants break so that elements can rearrange and form new products.

Stephen accidentally breaks the window while tossing a baseball. The window shatters into it seems like 1 million pieces. What happens to the matter in the glass?

The matter looks different, but the amount stays the same.

boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

All samples of a specific substance have the same chemical composition

True

The only thing that is not matter is energy

True

What is the proper way to find the volume of an irregular shaped solid object?

Water displacement.

elements and compounds

What are the two types of pure substances?

brass

Which is made of copper and zinc is a homogeneous mixture.

combustion reaction

a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O

double replacement

a chemical reaction where two elements in different compounds trade places AB + CD ----> AD + CB

a pure substance can be separated into components by physical methods

false

An example of a colloid

homogenized milk

Louis is investigating a new way to isolate nickel from various nickel-containing rocks and sediment.(There are 5 areas of chemistry: physical chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry and inorganic chemistry.)

inorganic

The making of new compounds for energy processes is explored in _____ chemistry.

inorganic

Sam is studying the reactions of a class of compounds called ethers. The formula of one type of ether is CH3OCH3.(There are 5 areas of chemistry: physical chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry and inorganic chemistry.)

organic

The synthesization of new carbon compounds is studied in ______ chemistry.

organic

In ______ chemistry, the electrical properties of solutions can be measured.

physical

Lisa is doing a series of reactions in order to measure the amount of heat being released in each one.(There are 5 areas of chemistry: physical chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry and inorganic chemistry.)

physical

Some chemists are interested in studying the rates of chemical reactions based on the structures of the various substances involved and trying to figure out the step-by-step mechanism of how the reactions occur on the molecular level. Because the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds is so diverse, these chemists often study those compounds exclusively. What branch of chemistry does this belong to?

physical organic chemistry

which of the following are mixtures

sand tea air

Reactants

substances that start a chemical reaction

chemical property

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change ex. corrosion

mass

the amount of matter in an object

particle size

the description of the grain size distribution of particles according to their texture (size, shape, graduation)

Plasma

the most common state of matter in the universe. (Fluid)

In a distillation process, which liquid component of the mixture passes through the condenser first?

the one with the lower boiling point

energy

the only thing that is not matter

chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances change as chemical bonds break and reform.

Combustion

the process of burning fossil fuel to create energy.

Molecule

the smallest particle of a compound that still has the properties of that compound

Products

the substances that are formed by the chemical reaction.

Biochemistry involves studying the enzymes in cells.

true

Substances may either be mixtures or compounds

true

a mixture is not consider to be a pure substance

true

all samples of a specific substance have the same chemical composition

true

salt is a pure compound

true

Heterogeneous mixtures

varies in its composition.

Which physical property of matter depends on pull of gravity?

weight

phase

when oil and water are mixed, two separate layers form. Each layer is called an _____

Suspensions are mixtures

you can still filter particles out of

Volume

The amount of space an object takes up

milk is uniformly mixed it contains several compounds water, proteins, fats, and sugars. Is milk considered a substance or a mixture?

It is a MIXTURE that can be separated by physical means

Milk is uniformly mixed it contain several compounds... Water, proteins, fats, and sugars. Is milk considered a substance or a mixture?

It is a mixture that can be separated by physical means

Compounds

Made up of multiple elements.

substance

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition.

dissolve

Melt, Make a solution out of, or turn into a liquid

Aspirin pills contain aspirin and some ingredients that don't have medicinal functions, such as corn starch and cellulose. Based on this, how would you classify an aspirin pill?

Mixture

colloid

a homogeneous mixture with medium-sized particles. The particles are large enough to see but not large enough to settle or be filtered out of the mixture. The gelatin in this dish is a colloid. It looks red because you can see the red gelatin particles in the mixture. However, the particles are too small to settle to the bottom of the dish.

water displacement

a method used to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped object

Solution

a mixture of two or more substances is a homogeneous mixture with tiny particles. The particles are too small to see and also too small to settle or be filtered out of the mixture. When the salt is thoroughly mixed into the water in this glass, it will form a solution. The salt will no longer be visible in the water, and it won't settle to the bottom of the glass.

element

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

synthesis reaction

a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound ex. S + O2 ---------> SO2 sulphur + oxygen = sulphur dioxide

ionic crystals

a rigid framework of ions or molecules locked together in a repeating pattern

which statement best describe why table sugar is considered a pure substance?

a. sugar is a mixture of pure compounds *b. sugar cannot be separated further by physical means *c. sugar has the same chemical composition throughout d. a bowl of sugar contains only one compound e. sugar is solid like all other pure substances

The mass of an object is that

amount of matter it contains.

chemical change

an apple rotting is an example of a -is the process that occurs when one or more substances change into one or more new substances. ex. when zinc and sulfur are mixed together with the addition of energy in the form of heat, zinc sulfide (ZnS) is produced.

Zoe is using an instrument called a spectrophotometer to precisely determine the levels of various chemicals in a sample of drinking water.(There are 5 areas of chemistry: physical chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry and inorganic chemistry.)

analytical

Which branch of chemistry specifically deals with quantitative analysis?

analytical chemistry

Aspirin pills contain aspirin and some ingredients that don't have medical functions, such as cornstarch and cellulose. Based on this, how would you classify a aspirin pill?

atom element *mixture pure substance

Drug testing of athletes and other individuals is big business. Complex instruments can be used to test blood and urine samples for very small amounts of drugs that may have been taken illegally. What branch of chemistry does this belong to?

bioanalytical chemistry

Robert is researching the chemical reactions that take place during the digestion of certain foods. (There are 5 areas of chemistry: physical chemistry, organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry and inorganic chemistry.)

biochemistry

Enzymes are large molecules that are present in most living things and are needed in order to ensure that various chemical reactions occur quickly. Some enzymes contain metal atoms, such as copper or magnesium, which are important to their function. What field of chemistry does this belong to?

bioinorganic chemistry

Baking a cake is a

chemical change

Battery charge and discharge is a

chemical change

Butter turning rancid is a

chemical change

Formation of a precipitate

chemical change

aerobic respiration is an example of a

chemical change

corrosion

chemical property

when food spoils it is a

chemical reaction

which of the following does not cause a physical change?

condensation *photosynthesis galvanization

chemical changes include

elements combining with other elements compounds, decomposing compounds reacting to form different compounds

Chemists always specialize in just one of the specific areas of chemistry.

false

burning a match forms new substance

is a chemical change

tarnish

is a chemical reaction

butter

is a colloid mixture, it does not separate when left out

suspension

is a heterogeneous mixture with large particles. The particles are large enough to see and also to settle or be filtered out of the mixture. The salad dressing in this bottle is a suspension. It contains oil, vinegar, herbs, and spices. If the bottle sits undisturbed for very long, the mixture will separate into its component parts. That's why you should shake it before you use it.

Ammonia NH3 + Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2

is not a mixture

Aspirin

is not a pure substance, is a mixture of different compounds

a chemical reaction

is not used to separate a mixture

number of protons

is the atomic number

soil is a heterogeneous mixture

it is unevenly mixed, so it does not have the exact same composition throughout the mixture

Mass measures the amount of ____ in a substance or an object

matter

Which of the following is NOT a pure substance?

mixture (air, water, aspirin)

measurement of a chemical property

occurs as the identity of a substance changes