chem chapter 10

1. _____ and _____ react with SO2 in the atmosphere to form acid rain.

Water;oxygen

1. Which of the following are acids and which are bases? A) H3PO4 _____ B) KOH _____ C) NaOH _____ D) HI _____

acid; base; base; acid

1. The pH of solution 1.0 x 10-11 M H+ is _____.

ph 11

1. _____ is the chemical reaction that takes place in many flue gas desulfurization processes.

2CaCo3+2So2+o2, combine together

1. Explain the term eutrophication. What substance usually occurs in excess, leading to eutrophication? What substance is depleted during eutrophication?

: The answer should include the following information: Excess nitrogen in natural waters can lead to rapid growth of certain organisms. Large numbers of these organisms can deplete oxygen in the water, leaving other organisms without enough oxygen to survive.

1. What happens during nitrogen fixation?

: The answer should include the following information: Inert nitrogen in the air reacts to become part of other substances.

1. CaSO4 is formed in the flue gas desulfurization reaction that is used to remove SO2 from flue gases in coal fired power plants. What is typically done with the large amounts of CaSO4 that are formed?

: The answer should include the following information: It is used to make drywall.

1. Why is acid rain a more significant problem in New England than in other parts of the country?

: The answer should include the following information: The SO2 produced from coal plants in the Ohio Valley is carried by the wind to New England where it reacts in the atmosphere to form acid rain.

1. Identify each substance as an acid, base or neutral: A) Lemon juice _____ B) Stomach fluid _____ C) Milk of magnesia _____ D) NaOH _____ E) Baking soda _____ F) Seawater _____ G) Pure water

: acid; acid; base; base; base; base;

1. Determine if each of the following pH values represents an acidic or basic solution: A) 3.5 _____ B) 8.8 _____ C) 2.1 _____ D) 10.4 _____ E) 11.2 _____ F) 7.0 _____

: acidic; basic; acidic; basic; basic; neutral

1. Determine if each substance is an acid, a base, or a salt. A) KI _____ B) HNO3 _____ C) Ca(OH)2 _____ D) LiClO3 _____ E) H2CO3 _____ F) HCN _____

: salt; acid; base; salt; acid; acid

1. An acid will contain: A) A hydrogen atom that is missing its one electron B) An oxygen atom C) The hydroxide ion D) A halogen E) None of the above

A

1. Most nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle exists in the: A) Air B) Water C) Land

A

1. True or False: Pure water contains ions.

A

1. The pH of solution 1.0 x 10-6 M H+ is _____.

Ans: pH = 6.0

1. One side effect of breathing ozone regularly is/are: A) Change in skin color B) Lung disorders C) Arthritis D) An increase in blood pressure E) All of the above

B

1. True or False: The pH of natural, clean rainwater is neutral. A) True B) False

B

1. True or false: A solution that has a pH of 10.2 would be considered an acidic solution. A) True B) False

B

1. Which of the following molecules contributes to acid rain formation in the atmosphere? Choose all that apply. A) O3 B) SO2 C) CO D) CH4

B

1. What is "elephant snot?" A) Mucus produced by people who have had significant exposure to atmospheric pollution B) The slimy covering that blankets trees and other plants in areas that are exposed to high levels of sulfur dioxide C) Filamentous green algae that grows on the bottom of lakes that have experienced acidification D) The build-up of decayed fish and other aquatic animals that die and drop to the bottom of lakes, streams or rivers after the pH has dropped due to the effects of acid rain.

C

1. The majority of U.S. electricity generation comes from: A) Renewables B) Nuclear energy C) Natural gas D) Coal E) Petroleum

D

1. The majority of SO2 released into the atmosphere comes from: A) Diesel powered trucks B) Cars C) Cows D) Termites E) Coal fired power plants

E

1. Which of the following compounds is used to remove SO2 from flue gases in coal-fired power plants? A) NO2 B) C8H18 C) CH4 D) O3 E) CaCO3

E

1. Acid rain can damage which of the following? A) Forests B) Lakes C) Marble statues D) Paint E ) Plants F) All of the above

F

1. _____ is the formula of the acid that forms when SO2 mixes with O2 and water in the atmosphere.

H2SO4

1. The two compounds that were discussed in your text as being the primary contributors to acid rain are _____ and _____.

NO2; SO2

1. What type of coal contains the most sulfur and where in the U.S. is this type located?

The answer should include the following information: Bituminous coal; it is found in the Midwest and Eastern U.S.

1. What are two ways to depict a proton in aqueous solution?

The answer should include the following information: H+ or H3O+

1. Anthracite coal is the most energy rich type of coal. Why is it used the least often?

The answer should include the following information: It is only found in small pockets in the U.S. Northeast.

1. What are two reasons that coal is considered to be a "dirty" energy source?

The answer should include the following information: It releases both mercury and SO2 into the environment.

1. When a strong acid dissolves in water, it breaks apart into ions. Will these ions be in equilibrium with the undissolved acid?

The answer should include the following information: No, a strong acid will break apart completely to ions and will not reform the original acid. Thus, no equilibrium exists between the ions and the acid.

1. When water ionizes, why does one of the hydrogen atoms lose an electron while the hydroxide ion gains an electron?

The answer should include the following information: The oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atom, so it is able to pull an electron toward itself.

1. Will pure water always have the same concentration of H+ ions as it does OH- ions? Why or why not?

The answer should include the following information: Yes, since water ionizes into H+ and OH-, it will have an equal concentration of each ion.