Chem. for Health Science - Ch. 11 Intro to Organic Molecules

A nonpolar molecule is most likely to be soluble in a _____ solvent.

nonpolar

If the individual bond dipoles in a molecule are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, the molecule is _____.

nonpolar

Which of the following functional groups contain at least one carbon-heteroatom single bond? (choose all) a) amine b) thiol c) ether d) ketone e) alcohol

a) amine b) thiol c) ether e) alcohol

Hydrocarbons that contain a six-membered ring with three double bonds are called _____ hydrocarbons.

aromatic

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only the elements _____ and _____.

carbon; hydrogen

All organic compounds contain carbon atoms and most contain hydrogen atoms. Carbon always forms _____ covalent bond(s), and hydrogen forms _____ covalent bond(s).

four; one

Which of the following statements describing PCBs is correct? a) are found in all types of fish and birds b) are soluble in water and present a hazard to drinking water c) are acutely toxic and can safely be ingested

a) are found in all types of fish and birds

Which statements correctly describe characteristics of inorganic compounds? (choose all) a) are typically soluble in water b) are solid at room temperature c) contain covalent bonds d) have low melting points

a) are typically soluble in water b) are solid at room temperature

Select the statements that describe important rules for drawing skeletal structures. a) assume there is a carbon atom at the junction of any two lines or at the end of any line b) draw in all heteroatoms and the hydrogens directly bonded to them c) draw in all heteroatoms and any lone pairs of electrons connected to them d) assume there are enough hydrogens around each carbon to give it four bonds

a) assume there is a carbon atom at the junction of any two lines or at the end of any line b) draw in all heteroatoms and the hydrogens directly bonded to them d) assume there are enough hydrogens around each carbon to give it four bonds

Select all statements that are correct regarding the bonding tendencies of carbon atoms. a) carbon forms double bonds to other carbon atoms b) carbon forms single bonds to other carbon atoms c) carbon forms quadruple bonds to other carbon atoms d) carbon forms triple bonds to other carbon atoms

a) carbon forms double bonds to other carbon atoms b) carbon forms single bonds to other carbon atoms d) carbon forms triple bonds to other carbon atoms

From the following list, select all the heteroatoms commonly found in organic compounds. a) chlorine b) carbon c) oxygen d) bromine e) nitrogen f) hydrogen

a) chlorine c) oxygen d) bromine e) nitrogen

Which of the following statements correctly describe a carbonyl group? (choose all) a) contains a C atom and an O atom b) is another name for an aldehyde group c) contains a double bond d) occur in several organic functional groups

a) contains a C atom and an O atom c) contains a double bond d) occur in several organic functional groups

Select all of the answers that correctly complete the following sentence: Some organic compounds have carbon atoms arranged in _____. a) long chains b) ring structures c) short chains d) crystal lattice structures

a) long chains b) ring structures c) short chains

When two atoms of identical or similar electronegativity are joined together, a _____ bond is formed. a) nonpolar covalent b) ionic c) polar covalent

a) nonpolar covalent

Which statements correctly describe the solubility of polar and nonpolar solutes in polar and nonpolar solvents? (choose all) a) nonpolar solutes are soluble in nonpolar solvents b) polar solutes are soluble in polar solvents c) polar solutes are soluble in nonpolar solvents d) nonpolar solutes are soluble in polar solvents

a) nonpolar solutes are soluble in nonpolar solvents b) polar solutes are soluble in polar solvents

Which of the following are ways to draw a shorthand representation of the structure of an organic molecule? (choose all) a) skeletal structures b) molecular formulas c) expanded structures d) condensed structures

a) skeletal structures d) condensed structures

Which factors determine the overall polarity of an organic molecule? Select all that apply. a) the polarity of the individual bonds b) the state of matter of the molecule c) the overall size of the molecule d) the overall shape of the molecule

a) the polarity of the individual bonds d) the overall shape of the molecule

Hydrocarbons containing only C-C single bonds and no functional group are called _____.

alkanes

Hydrocarbons that have a C-C double bond as their functional group are called _____.

alkenes

Hydrocarbons that have a C-C triple bond as their functional group are called _____.

alkynes

Which of the following statements correctly define functional groups? (choose all) a) a functional group is an atom with characteristic physical properties b) a functional group is an atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical properties c) a functional group is an atom or group of atoms with characteristic physical properties d) a functional group is an atom with characteristic chemical properties

b) a functional group is an atom or group of atoms with characteristic chemical properties c) a functional group is an atom or group of atoms with characteristic physical properties

A molecule such as carbon tetrachloride, which has four polar C-Cl bonds symmetrically arranged in a tetrahedral shape, is _____. a) polar b) nonpolar

b) nonpolar

Identify the statements that correctly describe the physical properties of organic compounds. (choose all) a) the intermolecular forces in organic molecules are much stronger than those found in ionic compounds b) organic compounds have lower melting points than ionic compounds c) organic compounds are composed of covalent bonds d) organic compounds have higher boiling points than ionic compounds

b) organic compounds have lower melting points than ionic compounds c) organic compounds are composed of covalent bonds

Select the statement that best describes the possible arrangements of carbon atoms in organic compounds. a) carbon atoms only bond with other carbon atoms to form ring structures b) some compounds have carbon atoms arranged to form long chains and some compounds have ring structures c) carbon atoms only bond with other carbon atoms to form long chains

b) some compounds have carbon atoms arranged to form long chains and some compounds have ring structures

Which statement best describes VSEPR theory? a) the most stable arrangement keeps the atoms as far away from each other as possible b) the most stable arrangement keeps the atoms and lone pairs of electrons as far away from each other as possible c) the most stable arrangement keeps the lone pairs of electrons as far away from each other as possible

b) the most stable arrangement keeps the atoms and lone pairs of electrons as far away from each other as possible

A carbon atom with linear geometry is surrounded by _____. a) three atoms and no lone pairs of electrons b) two atoms and no lone pairs of electrons c) three atoms and one lone pair of electrons d) four atoms and no lone pairs of electrons

b) two atoms and no lone pairs of electrons

Which of the following substances would be considered organic compounds? (choose all) a) water b) vitamins c) sugar d) DNA e) lipids f) salt g) enzymes h) proteins

b) vitamins c) sugar d) DNA e) lipids g) enzymes h) proteins

The arrangement of atoms to form a carbon-oxygen double bond is called _____. a) an acyl group b) a carboxyl group c) a carbonyl group d) a hydroxyl group

c) a carbonyl group

While ionic compounds are generally solids at room temperature, what state(s) of matter are organic compounds? a) solid and liquid b) liquid and gas c) solid, liquid, and gas

c) solid, liquid, gas

The geometry around a carbon atom surrounded by 3 atoms and no lone pairs of electrons is _____. a) trigonal pyramidal b) tetrahedral c) trigonal planar d) bent e) linear

c) trigonal planar

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain the element _____.

carbon

The geometry around an oxygen atom surrounded by two covalent bonds and two lone pairs of electrons is _____. a) tetrahedral b) linear c) trigonal planar d) bent e) trigonal pyramidal

d) bent

Identify which of the following common features of organic compounds is correct. a) hydrogen will form four covalent bonds b) hydrogen is stable when it is surrounded by eight electrons c) carbon will form eight covalent bonds d) carbon is stable when surrounded by four electron pairs

d) carbon is stable when surrounded by four electron pairs

The geometry around a carbon atom surrounded by four groups and no lone pairs of electrons is _____. a) trigonal planar b) trigonal pyramidal c) linear d) tetrahedral e) bend

d) tetrahedral

The geometry around a nitrogen atom surrounded by three covalent bonds and one lone pair of electrons is _____. a) trigonal planar b) linear c) bent d) trigonal pyramidal e) tetrahedral

d) trigonal pyramidal

The measure of how much a particular atom "wants" the electron density in a bond is called _____.

electronegativity

True or False: Carbon can achieve a stable octet arrangement by forming two covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.

false

True or False: VSEPR theory states that a molecule will be inits most stable form when only its atoms are arranged as far from each other as possible.

false

Molecules with stronger intermolecular forces have _____ boiling points compared to molecules with weaker intermolecular forces.

higher

Organic compounds containing both rings and chains of atoms can be represented using _____ structures.

skeletal

Most organic compounds are _____ in organic solvents and are _____ in water.

soluble; insoluble

Small polar organic molecules are _____ in water and may contaminate drinking water. Nonpolar organic molecules are _____ in water but are very soluble in fatty tissues found in birds and fish.

soluble; insoluble