Chem Sem 2

what is the oxidation state of nitrogen in N2O3?

+3

What is the oxidation state of phosphorous in PO4^ 3-

+5

Oxidation involves which of the following? 1. Loss of electron(s) 2. Gain of electron(s) 3. Increase in oxidation state

1 and 3

What is the equavelent pressure of 1520 torr in atm? (1 atm= 760 torr)

2.00

How many valance electrons are in nitrate (NO3 -)

24

Water molecules possess_____________ geometries

Bent

Bases turn litmus paper...

Blue

Water has 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pairs (T of F)

False, 2 lone pairs

Reduction occurs at the anode

False, it occurs at the cathode

Colligative properties are independent of the amount of solute in the solution

False, they are dependent

What type of bond is expected for a compound formed between Mg and O

Ionic

The Lewis model predicts that the fomula with K and S is...

K2S

What is unusual about water?

No molecule of similar size is a liquid at room temp No molecule of similar size has as high a boiling point Water can dissolve many polar and ionic compounds Water expands upon freezing

What is the molecular geometry of NH3?

Trigonal pyramid

A strong acid is a strong electrolyte

True

Freezing is an exothermic process

True

Life is imposible without water

True

Molarity is defined as the moles of solute per liter of solution

True

Reduction is the gain of electrons

True

The sub-shells of the orbital are represented by the possible letters: s,p,d,f (T or F)

True

Water can act as an acid and a base

True

Calculate the concentration of NO2 in an equilibrium mixture given that the [N2O4] = 0.200 M. 2 NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g) Keq = 45.5

0.0663M

A balloon filled with 0.500 L of air at sea level is submerged in the water to a depth that produces a pressure of 3.25 atm. What is the volume of the balloon at this depth?

0.154

What is the change in the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 14.7 g of C6H12O6 into 150 mL of water? The density of water is 1.00 g/mL and Kb = 0.512°C/m. The molar mass of glucose is 180.18 g/mol.

0.279ºC

How many moles of oxygen gas (O2) would be present in a sample measured in a 3.4 L container at 2.4 atm and 321 K?

0.310 mol

If you add 4.00 mL of pure water to 6.00 mL of 0.750 M NaCl solution, what is the concentration of sodium chloride in the diluted solution?

0.450M

What is the molarity of a solution by dissolving 54.3 g of Ca(NO3)2 into 355 mL of water? (molar mass of Ca(NO3)2 = 164.10 g/mol)

0.932M

2N2O(g) ⇌ O2(g) + 2N2(g) Which of the following will cause a shift in the equilibrium to the left? 1. Remove N2O 2. Remove O2 3. Add N2

1 and 3

How many mL of 0.218 M sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) react with exactly 25.34 mL of 0.113 M BaCl2 given the reaction: BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2 NaCl

13.1 mL

How many KJ of heat are needed to complety vaporize 42.8 grams of C4H10O at its boiling point? (ΔHvap = 26.5 kJ/mol

15.3 kJ

Two unknown gases, Gas A and Gas B, are mixed in a container and exert a total pressure of 784 mmHg. If Gas A exerts a pressure of 592 mmHg how much pressure (in mmHg) is exerted by Gas B?

192

Which orbital would the electron ground state hydrogen atom occupy?

1s

What is the balanced reduction half-reaction for the following unbalanced redox reaction: Ca(s) + Ag+(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + Ag(s)

2 Ag+ + 2e- → 2 Ag

How are lone pair of electrons represented

2 dots on the outside of element symbol

How many lone pairs and bonding pairs would Carbon monoxide have

2 lone pairs, 3 bonding pairs

What is the pH of a solution that has a [H3O+] 0.0045

2.35

How many grams of C4H10O can be melted by 2 kJ of heat. (ΔHfus = 7.27 kJ/mol)

20.4 g

What volume of 12.0M HCL is required to make 75.0mL of 3.50M HCL

21.9mL

What is the temperature (°C) of 2.48 moles of gas stored in a 30.0 L container at 1559 mmHg?

29.2

What is the total number of valence electrons is a Brown atom at ground state?

3

Way is the mass prevent of a solution prepared by dissolving 18.9 g of solid into 39.5 g of water

32.4%

Nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia. 3 H2(g) + N2(g) → 2 NH3(g) How many liters (L) of hydrogen gas measured at .853 atm and 245°C are needed to react completely with 6.44 g N2?

34.4

A 5.00 L balloon of gas at 25°C is cooled to 0°C. What is the new volume (liters) of the balloon?

4.58

Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction below given that [Cl2] = 0.11 M, [H2] = 0.15 M, and [HCl] = 0.95 M Cl2(g) + H2(g) ⇌ 2 HCl(g)

55

What is the equivalent pressure of 0.905 atm an mmHg(1 atm= 760mmHg)

688

Divers often inflate heavy duty balloons attached to salvage items on the sea floor. If a balloon is filled to a volume of 3.00 L at a pressure of 2.50 atm, what is the volume of the balloon when it reaches the surface?

7.50 L

What is the molar solubility, (S), of FeS if the Ksp = 5.9 x 10-19 for this substance?

7.7E-10 M

How many grams of KCl are needed to make 50.0 mL of 2.45 M KCl?

9.13g

How many moles of gas were added to a balloon that started with 2.3 moles of gas and a volume of 1.4 L given the final volume was 7.2 L

9.5 moles

Which among the following statements is True? A) The wavelength of light is inversely related to its energy B)As the energy increases, the frequency of radiation decreases C)As the wavelength increases, the frequency also increases D)Red light has a shorter wavelength than violet light

A

In electrolysis...

A non-spontaneous redox reaction is forced to occur by applying an electric current

If [H3O+] is greater than [OH-], is the solution acidic or basic

Acidic

How do you balance oxygen atoms in redox half-reactions?

Add H2O

When sufficient quantity of heat has been added to reach the boiling point of a solution, what happens to any additional heat

Additional heat is used to evaporate the liquid as the process is endothermic and requires continued input of energy

The Lewis model predicts that the fomula with Br and Al is...

AlBr3

Which of the following are typically TRUE of an oxidizing agent? 1. It causes oxidation 2. It gains electron(s) 3. It is the reduced substance

All 1,2, and 3

A substance that acts as an acid or a base is called...

Amphoteric

Identify the following as acid or base: NH₃ NaOH H₂SO₄ HF

Base Base Acid Acid

What is the balanced oxidation half-reaction for the following unbalanced redox reaction: Ca(s) + Ag+(aq) → Ca2+(aq) + Ag(s)

Ca → Ca2+ + 2e-

The Lewis model predicts that the fomula with F and Ca is...

CaF2

Which of the following atoms has the largest atomic radius? A) Na B) Mg C) Ca D) K

D

Which of the following group 2 elements has the lowest ionization energy A) Be B) Mg C) Ca D) Ba

D

Consider the following endothermic equilibrium reaction: Fe2O3(s) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 Fe(s) + 3 H2O(g) Which of the following actions will result in a shift to the left (toward reactants)? Increasing the temperature Increasing the pressure in the container Removing H2O(g) Decreasing temperature

Decreasing temperature

What happens to the equilibrium constant when a catalyst is added to the reaction mixture

Des not change

A separation of charge within a bond is defined as

Dipole moment

Which forces does water have?

Dispersion, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding

Which battery system is based on half reactions involving zinc metal and manganese dioxide?

Dry-cell batteries

A situation where two opposite processes are occurring at equal rates and no net change is taking place is callled...

Dynamic equilibrium

What are the birth geometry's of water

Electron geometry is tetrahedral and molecular geometry is bent

A glass of ice water containing nine ice cubes will be colder than a similar size glass of ice water containing only three ice cubes

False

A strong acid is one that is very concentrated

False

Alkali metals(Group 1 are fairly un-reactive since they only have 1 electron in their outermost shell (T do F)

False

Dispersión forces are considered to be strong intermolecular forces

False

Electrons behave like particles and we can describe their exact path (T or F)

False

Gas particles lose energy every time they collide with each other or the container wall

False

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces between atoms within a compound

False

Ionic solutes typically dissolve in nonpolar solvents

False

Iron(II) carbonate (Ksp = 3.07 x 10-11) is more soluble than calcium fluoride (Ksp = 1.46 x 10-10).

False

Most acids dissolve metals by oxidation of H+ ions to hydrogen gas

False

Redox reaction must involve the gain or loss of oxygen

False

The electron geometry of a molecule is never the same as its molecular geometry ( T or F)

False

The half reaction 2 Br- → Br2 + 2 e- is balanced with respect to mass but is not balanced with respect to charge.

False

The strength off the surface tension is inversely related to the strength of the IMFs

False

The terms "molarity" and "molality" are considered identical and can always be used interchangeably.

False

The main property of bases is That they dissolve many metals

False, Acids dissolve many metals

Charles law describes the direct relationship between the number of moles and volume of a gas at constant temp and pressure

False, Avogadrows law

Oxygen is the most electronegative element on the periodic table

False, F is

Electronegativity is an atoms ability to transfer electrons (T or F)

False, ability to attract electrons in a covalent bond

Acids are a component of drain cleaner

False, bases are

Ion-dipole forces exists between a covelantly bonded molecule and water

False, between and ionic molecule and water

Increasing the amount of carbon in the reaction below will cause the reaction to proceed to the left so that equilibrium will be restored. 2 C(s) + 2H2O(l) ⇌ CH4(g) + CO2(g)

False, carbon is a solid

Increasing the temperature lowers the activation energy

False, catalyst lowers the activation energy

A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction as it is being consumed

False, catalysts are not consumed

Chemical properties of atoms are largely determined by the number of core electrons within the electron cloud (T or F)

False, determined by Valence Electrons

Molarity is calculated by dividing g of solute by kg of solution

False, divide by kg of solvent

In an electrochemical cell, electrons flow through the salt bridge to complete the cell

False, electrons flow through the wire

Mass prevent is the number of grams of solvent per 100 g of solution

False, grams of solute per 100g of solution

In an exothermic reaction, you can consider the emitted heat as a reactant in this system

False, heat would be a product in exothermic reaction

Diamond is an example of an non bond in atomic solid

False, is is covalent atomic solid

Corrosion can be prevented by a sacrificial cathode

False, it can be prevented through a sacrificial anode

HCL only posses dispersion forces

False, it is also dipole-dimple

Light is a type of matter (T or F)

False, it is energy

The main component of stomach acid is sulfuric acid

False, it is hydrochloric acid

A red shirt appears red to our eyes because the shirt absorbs the red wavelengths of visible light (T or F)

False, it reflects

A Brønsted-Lowry base will donate a proton

False, it will accept the proton

The products of a neutralization reaction will be hydrogen gas and a salt

False, it will be water and a salt

A neutral solution does not contain any H3O+ or OH-

False, it will have the same amount of H3O+ and OH-

The minor component in a solution is called the solvent

False, it's called the solute

The VSEPR theory predicts that the H-C-H angle in CH4 measures 120 degrees.

False, its a tetrahedral so 109.5º

A principle shell with a value of n=3 would contain s,p,d, and f orbitals (T or F)

False, no f orbital

Dipole-dimple, forces exsist between all atoms nad molecules

False, only in polar molecules

It can be shown that copper metal lies below H2 on the activity series of metals. This means that copper will dissolve in Hydrochloric acid

False, only metals above H2 will dissolve in an acid

The proper Lewis structure for lithium would have two dots on opposite side of the elemental symbol ( T or F)

False, only one dot

Hydrogen bonding occurs when molecules have hydrogen atom covelantly bonded to a highly electronegative atom like Br, I, or P

False, only to F, O, and N

Reaction rates generally increase as the reaction proceeds

False, reactants get used up so it decreases

Sublimation is the process of a liquid being converted directly into a gas

False, solid to gas

Blue light travels at a faster speed than red light (T or F)

False, speed of light is 3.0E8 m/s

When dynamic equilibrium is achieved the concentrations of reactants is equal to the concentrations of the products

False, the rate is equal

Covelant bonding involves the transfer of electrons (T or F)

False, the sharing of electrons

Acids have a bitter taste

False, they have a sour taste

Acid turns litmus paper blue

False, turns it red

Atoms can never have the same electron configuration as anther atom (T or F)

False, you can if the atom is an ion

The rate of a chemical reaction always remain the same from start to finish

Fasle

A sacrificial electrode works by being reduced which prevents the metal from being oxidized

Fasle, it is oxidized in replace of the metal

Liquid can be easily compressed

Fasle1

The number of cycles of a wave that passes a stationary point in one second is called its...

Frequency

A neutralization reaction between an acid and sodium hydroxide formed water and sodium sulfate, what was the formula of the acid that was neutralized?

H2SO4

The amount of heat required to melt one mole of solid is called the...

Heat of fusion

The collision theory of chemical reactions states that...

High energy collisions lead to successful formation of products

"When filling orbitals of equal energy, electrons fill them singly first with parallel spins". This is known as...

Hunds rule

Whic of the following acids is a monophonic, strong acid? sulfuric acid phosphoric acid hydrobromic acid carbonic acid

Hydrobromic acid (HBr)

What type of intermolecular force allows for DNA replication to occur

Hydrogen Bonding

The solubility of solids in water increases with....

Increasing pressure

The rate of vaporization can be increased by...

Increasing surface area and increasing temperature

You can increase the vapor pressure of a liquid by...

Increasing temperature

Order the IMFs from strongest to weakest

Ion-Dipole Forces, Hydrogen Bonding Forces, Dipole-Dipole Forces, Dispersion Forces

Which compound will form an electrolyte solution when dissolved in water: Cl2, KOH, CH3CH2OH, or C12H22O11

KOH becuase it is ionic

Which noble gas has the highest boiling point out of He, Ar, Kr,and Ne?

Kr

Why is the size of Mg smaller than Na

Lager nuclear charge

Which state of matter has a high density and an indefinite shape?

Liquids

Arrange from longest wavelength to shortest

Longest: Radio, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultra violet, X-rays, Gamma Rays( shortest)

Copper is which type of solid?

Metallic atomic solid

Which of the following would be least soluble in water: CH3OH, NaCl, N2, or NH3

N2 because it is nonpolar

What is the base and conjugate acid in NH3 + H2O → NH4+ + OH-

NH3 is a base and NH4+ is its conjugate acid.

Atoms in a solid are always arranged in a well-ordered pattern

No, can be amorphous too

Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O

O2

Corrosion is the..

Oxidation of metals

Which of the following is not a solution: Air, Brass, Oxygen, Soda

Oxygen

Which element has the electron configuration of 3s^2 3p^4 in its outermost shell?

S

Please match the shape with the appropriate orbital

S- Sphere, P- dumbbell, D- clover

2N2O(g) ⇌ O2(g) + 2N2(g) What happens to the equilibrium position if the pressure increases?

Shift to the left

Ag2S(s) ⇌ 2 Ag+(aq) + S2-(aq) What happens to the equilibrium position if aqueous ammonium sulfide is added?

Shift to the left

What happens to the equilibrium position of an exothermic reaction when you remove heat?

Shifts to the right

[Ar] 3d^5 4s^2 represents a transition metal (T or F)

T

What is the molecular geometry of CCl4

Tetrahedral

What is the molecular geometry of ammonium

Tetrahedral

The reason for many unique properties of water is..

The ability to from hydrogen bonds

Solution A has a concentration of 0.10 M sugar and Solution B has a concentration of 0.20 M sugar. If the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, which of the following occurs during osmosis? Solvent molecules move from B into A. Sugar molecules move from B into A. The molarity of A increases. The molarity of B increases.

The molarity of A increases

In order for a solute to dissolve in the solution...

The solute-solvent forces must be greater than the solute-solute forces

Are all statements true? The boiling point of a solution is increased by the addition of salt. The freezing point of a solution is lowered by the addition of salt. The change in temperature is proportional to the molality. The identity of the solute is not a factor.

They are all true

Which bond is the shortest and strongest bond

Triple bond

What must be done to the following half-reactions before they can be added together? Mn(s) → Mn2+(aq) + 2e- Fe3+(aq) + 3e- → Fe(s)

Triple the Mn half-reaction and double the Fe half-reaction

2 nonmetals will form a polar covalent bond is they share electrons unequallly ( T or F)

True

A ballon with 1 mole of He at STP and a balloon with 1 mol of O at STP while have the same volume

True

A buffer resists change in pH by being able to react with an acid or a base

True

A compound with a relatively large Ksp value indicates that the compound is completely soluble

True

A compound with a relatively small Ksp value indicates that the compound is only partially soluble

True

A dilute solution is one containing less amounts of solute relative to solvent

True

A small or of water boiling vigorously and a large pot boiling gently are boiled at the same temperature

True

A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

True

A stock solution is more concentrated from what is typically used in a lan and often required further dilution

True

A voltaic cell is also known as a galvanic cell and is comprised of an anode and cathode powered by a spontaneous redox reaction

True

Acids are used in car batteries and for cleaning metals

True

Acids produce H+ ions in solution

True

Adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid will cause boiling point elevation and freezing pout the depression

True

Adding heat to an endothermic reaction causes the reaction to shift to the right

True

Air is an example of a gaseous solution

True

All IMFs are broken when a liquid vaporizes into a gas

True

Ammonia is a weak acid

True

An Arrhenius acid will produce H+ in an aqueous solution

True

An increase in the concentration of reactants will increase reaction rate

True

As you climb a mountain to a higher altitude, you will experience a pressue decrease

True

As you increase temp, you increase the average energy of the gas particles

True

Bonding models are used to predict how atoms bond together to form molecules (T OR F)

True

Boyle's law explains that volume and pressure are inversely related when all other variables are held constant

True

Bromine has 28 core electores (T or F)

True

Cl2O is a polar molecule (T or F)

True

Corrosion of metals may be prevented by keeping them dry at all times

True

Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the sum of partial pressures of gases in a mixture will equal the total pressure of the mixture

True

Decreasing the volume of a system will cause the reaction to shift in the direction with the lower molar gas particles

True

Evaporation is endothermic

True

Gas particles act independently of each other

True

Gold metal is found at the bottom of the activity series of metals since is is the most difficult metal to oxidize

True

H2 is a no polar covelant bond ( T or F)

True

H2CO3 and HCO3- is an conjugate acid-base pair

True

Having 8 valence electrons is very stable ans is referred to as an octet (T or F)

True

Hydrogen atoms are terminal atoms and must be added to the outside of the Lewis structure ( T or F)

True

Ice is an example of a molecular solid

True

In general, the stronger the acid, the weaker its conjugate base

True

Intermolecular forces are weaker then covalent bonds

True

Intermolecular forces determine if a substance is a solid, liquid, of gas at room temperature

True

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron (T of F)

True

Le Chatelier principle states that when a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system shifts in a direction that minimizes the disturbance

True

Lewis structures only use the valence electrons in determining the bonding

True

MgO(s) is an ionic solid

True

NH3, H2O, HCN, are all polar molecules (T or F)

True

O3 has a resonance structure (T or F)

True

Osmosis is the process in which a solvent moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

True

Oxidation occurs at the anode

True

Reaction rate remains stable as long as the temperature and pressure are stable when a chemical system is in equilibrium

True

Redox reactions must be balanced with respect to both mass and charge

True

Resonance structures will have the same skeletal structure with different electron arrangements

True

STP conditions are 273 K and 1 atm

True

Solids can either be crystalline or amorphous

True

Straws work becuase when you use a straw you arfe creating a pressure difference between the inside of the straw an the outside

True

The Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases relies on the donation and acceptance of a proton

True

The Ideal Gas Law helps relate volume, pressure, temperature, and the number of moles of a particular gas

True

The activation energy is the energy needed to weaken/break existing bonds in order to form new energy to form new bonds within the reaction process

True

The average energy of the particles is dependent on the molecular mass of the particle is part of the Kinetic Molecular Theory

True

The conjugate acid of water is H3O+ and the conjugate base is OH-

True

The equilibrium constant, Keq, is a way to quantify the relative concentrations of the reactants and products of a reaction at equilibrium

True

The main component of vinegar is acetic acid

True

The molar volume of any gas at standard temperature and pressure is 22.4 L

True

The most energetic photons are gamma rays (T or F)

True

The orbital diagram, for fluorine shows 1 unpaired electron in a p orbital (T or F)

True

The oxidation number of sodium in NaCl is +1

True

The oxidizing agent is the substance being reduced

True

The products of a chemical reaction between and acid and a metal oxide will be water and a salt

True

The rate of a chemical reaction is the amount of reactant that changes to product in a specific amount of time

True

The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in K2Cr2O7 equals zero

True

The three types of crystalline solids are molecular, ionic, and atomic

True

The tragedy at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, West Africa was due to the sudden release of excessive amounts of carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the lake water.

True

The volume of 9.00 grams of water vapor (H2O) at STP is 11.2 L.

True

Upon completing a dilution from a stock solution, you will always have more volume of solution than you started with and it will have a lower concentration than the stock solution

True

Water is a polar molecule ( T or F)

True

When elements are arranged in order of increasing number of protons, certain sets of properties recur periodically (T or F)

True

When you have 2 electron groups and none are lone pairs, the molecular geometry is linear ( T or F)

True

When you have 4 electron groups, the electron geometry is tetrahedral ( T or F)

True

0.250 M HF(aq) has [H30+] less than 0.250 M

True, HF is a weak acid

The VSEPR theory predicts that the angle between the central carbon atom and the two oxygen atoms in CO2 measures 180 degrees (T or F)

True, it is linear

Atomic size decreases as you go across the period(row) on the periodic table (T or F)

True, more protons, created pull of electrons making it closer to nucleus

Which color of the visible spectrum has the shortest wavelength(400nm)

Violet

The measure of the resistance of a liquid is called...

Viscosity

The distance between adjacent wave crests is called ...

Wavelength