Chem101 - Ch5 - Homework
Compounds containing a metal and a nonmetal are ionic. Compounds composed of nonmetals are molecular a) CS2 = Molecular - both are nonmetals b) CuO - Ionic Type II c) KI - Ionic Type I d) PCl3 - Molecular
Classify each compound as ionic or molecular a) CS2 - Carbon Disulfide b)CuO - Copper (II) Oxide c)KI - Potassium Iodide d) PCl3 - Phosphorus Trichloride
Atomic elements exist in nature with a single atom as their base units. Molecular elements exist as diatomic molecules and do not normally exist in nature. a) Chlorine is a MOLECULAR element because its a diatomic molecule (Cl2) b) Argon is an ATOMIC element because it exists in nature as a single atom c) Cobalt is ATOMIC element because it exists in nature as a single atom d) Hydrogen is a MOLECULAR element because its a diatomic molecule (H2)
Classify each element as atomic or molecular a) chlorine b) argon c) cobalt d) hydrogen
Cobalt (II)
Co2+
Cobalt (III)
Co3+
Chromium (II)
Cr2+
Chromium (III)
Cr3+
Copper (I)
Cu+
Copper (II)
Cu2+
Yes; when elements combine with other elements, a compound is created. Each compound is unique and contains properties different from those of the elements that compose it.
Do the properties of an element change when it combines with another element to form a compound?
Empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound hydrogen peroxide empirical formula HO Molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound hydrogen peroxide molecular formula H202
Explain the difference between a molecular formula and an empirical formula
Iron (II)
Fe2+
Iron (III)
Fe3+
Form of Type II ionic compounds name of cation (METAL) (Charge of cation in Roman Numerals in Parenthesis) + basic name of anion (NONMETAL) + ide ex. CuBr2 = Copper (II) Bromide
Form for names of ionic compounds containing a metal that forms more than one type of ion
Empirical formula give simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each elements in a compound a) C2H6 - CH3 (2 was simplified to 0 and 6 simplified to 3) b) N2O4 - NO2 (2 was simplified to 0 and 4 simplified to 2) c) C4H6O2 - C2H3O (4 TO 2, 6 TO 3, 2 TO 0) d) NH3 - NH3 (3 cannot be simplified anymore)
Give the empirical formula that corresponds to each molecular formula a) C2H6 -Ethane b) N2O4 - Dinitrogen Tetroxide c) C4H6O2 - Vinyl Acetate d) NH3 - Ammonia
NaNo3 contains cation (Sodium) and polyatomic anion (NO3-) so the name is NaNO3 = Sodium Nitrate NH4NO3 contains polyatomic cation (ammonium ion) and polyatomic ion anion (nitrate ion), so the name NH4NO3 = Ammonium Nitrate
How are compounds containing a polyatomic ion named
a) 4 oxygen atoms indicated by the subscript 4 number of O atoms present in H3PO4 is 4 b)4 oxygen atoms indicated by the subscript 4 number of O atoms present in Na2HPO4 is 4 c) 6 oxygen atoms by multiplying the subscript by outside the parenthesis 2 by the subscript inside the parenthesis 3. number of O atoms present in Ca(HCO3)2 is 6 d) 4 oxygen atoms by multiplying the subscript by outside the parenthesis 2 by the subscript inside the parenthesis 2. number of O atoms present in Ba(C2H3O2)2 is 4
How many oxygen atoms are in each chemical formula a) H3PO4 - Phosphoric Acid b) Na2HPO4 - Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate c) Ca(HCO3)2 - Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate d) Ba(C2H3O2)2 - Barium Acetate
Multiply the subscript outside the parenthesis by the subscript for each atom within the parenthesis. For Magnesium Nitrate Mg(NO3)2 the numbers of atoms for each element are: Mg: 1 Mg N: 1 X 0 = 2 N O: 3 X 2 = 6 O
In a chemical formula how do you calculate the number of atoms of an element within parenthesis?
The more metallic element.
In a chemical formula, which element is listed first?
Li (Lithium), Na (Sodium), K (Potassium), Rb (Rubidium), Cs (Cesium), and Group 1B element Zn (Zinc) form cation with charge +1
Metals that form only one type of ion from Group 1A
Be (Beryllium), Mg (Magnesium), Ca (Calcium), Sr (Strontium), Ba (Barium) and Group 1B element Ag (Silver) form cation with charge +2
Metals that form only one type of ion from Group 2A
Al (Aluminum) form cation with charge +3
Metals that form only one type of ion from Group 3A
a) MgCl2 = Mg - 1 atom, Cl - 2 atoms b) NaNO3 = Na - 1 atom, N - 1 atom, O - 3 atoms c) Ca(NO2)2 - Ca - 1 atom, N - 2 atoms, O - 4 atoms d) Sr(OH)2 - Sr - 1 atom, O - 2 atoms, H - 2
Number of each type of atom in each formula a) MgCl2 - Magnesium Chloride b)NaNO3 - Sodium Nitrate c) Ca(NO2)2 - Calcium Nitrate d) Sr(OH)2 - Strontium Hydroxide
Tin (II)
Sn2+
Tin (IV)
Sn4+
First find out the ratio mass of the elements. Sample 1: mass of Cl/mass of Na 7.16 g / 4.65 g = 1.54 Sample 2: mass of Cl/Mass of Na 11.5 g / 7.45 g = 1.54 The results are consistent with the law of constant composition because the compounds have the same proportions as the elements.
Two samples of sodium chloride were decomposed into their constituent elements. One sample produced 4.65 g of sodium and 7.16 g of chlorine, and the other sample produced 7.45 g of sodium and 11.5 g of chlorine. Are the results consistent with the law of constant composition.
atomic = single atoms molecular = diatomic molecules formula unit = basic unit of ionic compound a) BaBr2 -> Formula unit -> cation Ba2+ and anion Br- b) Ne -> Single atom c) I2 -> Molecules -> diatomic d) CO -> Molecules -> two nonmetals
What are the basic units - single atoms, molecules, or formula units - that compose each substance. a) BaBr2 b) Ne c)I2 d)CO
Type II ionic compounds are transition metals that form ions with more than one type
What block of periodic table metals form more than one type of ion.
A chemical formula is a way to represent a compound. The chemical formula for water H2O represents 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
What is a chemical formula
To name an acid with oxyanion ending with -ite one must take the base name of oxyanion and attach -ous to it; the word acid follows.
What is the basic form for the name of oxyacids whose oxyanions end with -ite?
Oxyacids are derived from Oxyanions. Oxyacids contain a combination of one or more H+ ions with an oxyanion name of base oxyanion with ic on the end followed by the word acid ex: HNO3 = Nitric Acid
What is the basic form for the name of oxyacids whose oxyanions end with ate
[Base oxyanion name + ous]+[acid] ex: H2SO3 = Sulphurous Acid (oxyanion is sulfite)
What is the basic form for the name of oxyacids whose oxyanions end with ite
Binary acids are (HYDROGEN)+(NONMETAL) The basic form for naming binary acids is HYDRO followed by the name of nonmetal base with suffix IC added on the end and then add the word acid ex: HCL = Hydrochloridic Acid
What is the basic form for the names of binary acids
Basic form for the names of Type I ionic compounds are name of cation (METAL) + basic name of anion (NONMETAL) + IDE ex. NaCl = Sodium Chloride
What is the basic form for the names of ionic compounds containing a metal that forms only one type of ions
Atomic Elements occur in nature as single atoms in their basic units Diatomic Molecule two atoms of the same element bonded together form molecular element. Nitrogen - N2 Oxygen - O2 Flourine - F2 Chlorine - Cl2 Bromine - Br2 Iodine - I2
What is the difference between a molecular element and an atomic element
An atomic element is one that exists in nature with a single atom as the basic unit. A molecular element is one that exists as a diatomic molecule as the basic unit.
What is the difference between a molecular element and an atomic element? List the elements that occur as diatomic molecules.
Polyatomic Ions 2- charge: Sulfate Ion (SO42-) Carbonate Ion (CO32-) Chromate Ion (CrO42-) Dichromate Ion (Cr2O72-) Hydrogen Phosphate (HPO42-) Sulfite (SO32-) Peroxide (O22-)
What polyatomic ions have 2- charge
NI3
Write a chemical formula for the compound containing one nitrogen atom for every three iodine atoms
a) Potassium Acetate K C2H3O2 b) Potassium Chromate K+ and CrO42- switch subscripts K2(CrO4)1 = K2CrO4 c) Potassium Phosphate K+ PO43- switch subscripts K3(PO4)1 = K3PO4 d) Potassium Cyanide K+ CN- switch subscripts K1(CN)1 = KCN
Write a formula for the compound that forms potassium and a) acetate b) chromate c) phosphate d) cyanide
a) Fe3O4 b) PCl3 c)PCl5 d)Ag2O
Write chemical formulas for the compounds: a) three iron atoms for every four oxygen atoms b) one phosphorus atom for every three chlorine atoms c) one phosphorus atom for every 5 chlorine atoms d) two silver atoms for every oxygen atom
1)write the symbol for the metal and its charge followed by the symbol for the nonmetal and its charge 2)Switch the charge for each ion to the subscript of the other ion 3) If possible reduce subscripts to give a ratio with smallest whole number a) Li 1+ and N 3- = Li3N Li 1+ and O 2- = Li2O Li 1+ and F 1- = LiF b) Ba 2+ and N 3- = Ba3Na2 Ba 2+ and O 2- = BaO Ba 2+ and F 1- = BaF2
Write formulas for the compounds formed from the element on the left and the elements on the rightl a) Li - N,O,F b) Ba - N,O,F
ionic compound
a metal and one or more non metals in a chemical formula form
deca means 10
prefix deca
di means 2 CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
prefix di
hepta means 7
prefix hepta
Hexa means 6 SF6 = Sulfur Hexaflouride
prefix hexa
mono means 1
prefix mono
nona means 9
prefix nona
octa means 8
prefix octa
Penta means 5
prefix penta
Tetra means 4 CCl4 = Carbon TetraChloride
prefix tetra
tri means 3 BCl3 = Boron Trichloride
prefix tri
CaBr2 formula mass = (atomic mass of elements) multiplied by (#of atoms of the elements) CaBr2 formula mass = 40.08 amu + 79.90 amu* 2 = 199.88
what is the formula mass of a compound
Phosphate Ion (PO43-)
what polyatomic ions have 3- charge
The numbers indicate the charge of the metal in naming Type II Ionic Compounds because they can form different compounds with the same metal by varying their charge. ex. Iron forms two types of hydroxide compounds. Fe(OH)2 = Iron (II) Hydroxide Fe(OH)3 = Iron (III) Hydroxide
why are numbers needed to name the ionic compounds with a metal containing more than one type of ion
a) Na and its charge +1 followed by S and its charge -2. Make the charge for each ion become the subscript for the other ion Na2S b) Sr and its charge +2 followed by O and its charge -2. Make the charge for each ion become the subscript for the other ion Sr2O2 Reduce the subscripts by dividing both subscripts by 2. SrO c) Al and its charge +3 followed by S and its charge -2. Make the charge for each ion become the subscript for the other ion Al2S3
write a formula for the ionic compound that forms from each pair of elements a) sodium and sulfur b) strontium and oxygen c) aluminum and sulfur