Chemistry 1132 Self Test

For hydrogen nuclei (protons) to fuse, they must be heated to thermonuclear temperatures to overcome the force of ... that exists among particles of like charge

repulsion

Protein synthesis takes place in organelles called ...

ribosome

metabolic pathway by which an organism breaks down a glucose molecule to release energy

cellular respiration

The most common steroid is ...

cholesterol

group of three unpaired, organic bases that form a part of the genetic code

codon

permanent unfolding a normal protein

denaturation

The two types of nucleic acids are ... acid and ... acid

deoxyribonucleic, ribonucleic

lipid containing two fatty acids and a phosphate group

phospholipid

The three classes of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and ...

polysaccharides

biomolecule composed of units called amino acids

protein

The four types of nuclear reactions are ..., nuclear ... reactions, ... reactions, and fusion reactions

radioactive decay, transformation, fission

radioactive isotope of an otherwise nonradioactive element

radioisotope

transferring of genetic material from one organism to another

recombinant-DNA formation

The identity of a substance is changed by rearranging its atoms in a ..., but the identity of a substance is changed by actually changing the identity of the nucleus in a ...

chemical change, nuclear change

Excess ... may cause hardening of the arteries, a condition called atherosclerosis

cholesterol

Enzyme helpers called ... help enzymes combine with their substrates

coenzymes

Cellulose is found in its purest form in ...

cotton

When an element transmutes, particles are emitted and ... is released

energy

The reaction of an organic acid with an alcohol to form an ester is called ...

esterification

A chain reaction stops when either all the ... material is depleted or the ... fail to hit a nucleus

fissionable, nucleus

high-energy electromagnetic radiation

gamma ray

series of reactions in which glucose is changed into pyruvate

glycolysis

time during which one-half of a given number of atoms of a nuclide will decay to simpler nuclides

half-life

In both DNA and RNA, ... bonds join bases together

hydrogen

Fatty acids combine with protein to form ...

lipoproteins

During fission, there is a small loss of ... because it is converted into energy

mass

Fats and proteins may follow separate ... pathways to be utilized for energy

metabolic

sum of all the biomolecule reactions that take place within an organism

metabolism

Soap molecules cluster in groups called ... that surround and suspend a droplet of oil or grease

micelles

anything, such as x-rays or some chemicals, that causes mutations

mutagen

error in the DNA in a gene

mutation

The number of protons and neutrons determines the ... properties of an element

nuclear

device in which a nuclear fission reactions can be carries out at a controlled rate

nuclear reaction

large biomolecules responsible for storing and transmitting RNA information

nucleic acids

Raw materials called ... are taken apart and reassembled into products that help a cell grow, repair itself, reproduce, and produce energy

nutrients

Amino acids link together with ... bonds

peptide

lipid containing a fused carbon-ring structure

steroid

force that keeps nucleons together

strong nuclear force

molecule that interacts with an enzyme

substrate

Doughnut-shaped generators called ... contain high-temperature plasma in a "magnetic bottle"

tokamaks

The four main classes of biomolecules are proteins, ..., lipids, and nucleic acids

carbohydrates

The sequence of bases along the structure of ... contains the genetic code

DNA

..., or chemical messengers, are responsible for regulating bodily functions

Hormones

... are the main lipids in the structure of living cell membranes

Phospholipids

location on an enzyme where the processes that convert substrates to products can take place

active site

The five bases used in forming nucleotides are ..., ..., ..., ..., and ...

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil

An ... particle has low penetrating power, a ... particle moves near the speed of light with 100 times the penetrating power of an ... particle, and ... rays have the greatest penetrating power

alpha, beta, alpha, gamma

An element with a low ... generally has an unstable nucleus, and an element with a high ... generally has a stable nucleus

binding energy, binding energy

study of chemical reactions in living things

biochemistry