Chemistry - 6.1 Ion Formation Review
The number of protons remains unchanged during ion formation [Enter "!" once you have finished reading]
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Some atoms form ions to gain stability. A stable configuration involves a complete outer energy level, usually consisting of 8 valence electrons. [Enter ":)" once you have finished reading]
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Ions are formed by the loss or gain of valence electrons. [Enter ";(" once you have finished reading]
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anion
A negatively charged ion
cation
A positively charged ion
[T/F] A positively charged ion is called an anion.
F; anion -> cation
[T/F] A Cl- ion is an example of a cation.
F; cation -> anion
[T/F] Elements tend to react so that they acquire the electron structure of a halogen.
F; halogen -> noble gas
[T/F] Nonmetals form a stable outer electron configuration by losing electrons and becoming anions.
F; losing -> gaining
[T/F] A sodium atom tends to lose one electron when it reacts.
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[T/F] Elements in group 1A lose their one valence electron, forming an ion with a 1+ charge.
T
[T/F] The electron structure of a zinc ion (Zn2+) is an example of a pseudo-noble gas formation.
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[T/F] The ending -ide is used to designate an anion.
T
Why are all of the elements in group 18 relatively unreactive, whereas those in group 17 are very reactive?
The group 18 elements, known as noble gases, have complete outer energy levels and do not easily form ions. The group 17 elements are highly reactive because they need only to gain a single electron to form an octet.
Relate the properties of atoms, their position in the periodic table, and their number of valence electrons to their chemical reactivity.
The reactivity of atoms of elements in the periodic table depends on their valency as well as their position in the periodic table.
Describe 2 different causes of the force of attraction in a chemical bond.
The two causes are the attraction between the positive nucleus of one atom and the negative electrons of another atom, and the attraction between positive ions and negative ions.
Ions form when atoms gain or lose valence electrons to achieve a stable octet electron configuration, [Enter "a" once you have finished reading.]
a
Write out the electron configuration for each atom. Then, predict the change that must occur in each to achieve a noble-gas configuration. a. nitrogen b. sulfer c. barium d. lithium
a. [He]2s^2 2p^3; gain 3 electrons or lose 5 electrons b. [Ne]3s^2 3p^4; gain 2 electrons c. [Xe]6s^2; lose 2 electrons d. [He]2s^1; lose 1 electron
octet rule
atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to acquire eight valence electrons
Summarize ionic bond formation by correctly pairing these terms: cation, anion, electron gain, and electron loss.
cation, electron loss // anion, electron gain
[WORD BANK: chemical bond, electrons, energy level, ions, noble gases, nucleus, octet, pseudo-noble gas formations, valence] The force that holds 2 atoms together is called a(n) ________. Such an attachment may form by the attraction of the positively charged ________ of 1 atom for the negatively charged ________ of another atom, or by the attraction of charged atoms, which are called ________. The attractions may also involve ________ electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost ________. The ________ are a family of elements that have very little tendency to react. Most of these elements have a set of 8 outermost electrons, which is called a stable ________. The relatively stable electron structures developed by loss of electrons in certain elements of group 1B, 2B, 3A, and 4A are called ________.
chemical bond, nucleus, electrons, ions, valence, energy level, noble gases, octet, pseudo-noble gas formations
chemical bond
the force that holds two atoms together
