Chemistry B
Which element in Group IIA will have the highest melting temperature?
Be
Movement of electrons about a central nucleus is a concept by: Mendeleev Bohr Thomson Dalton Chadwick
Bohr
Which element in Period 4 is the most chemically active non-metal?
Br
Which scientist discovered the neutron? Rutherford Chadwick Bohr Thomson
Chadwick
Prior to Thomson's discovery, the atom was thought to be indivisible. Explain the significance of Thomson's concept of the electron.
Theories prior to Thomson's thought that atoms were single units and looked like pool balls, while Thomson said the atom resembled raisin bread more, and the electrons stuck to the atom like raisins in raisin bread.
Which element is NOT in the cobalt subgroup? iron cobalt iridium rhodium
iron
1. the vertical column of the periodic table 2. the horizontal row in the periodic table 3. a table of the elements, arranged to illustrate the periodic characteristics of the elements 4. another name for group 5. an atom will gain, lose or share electrons in order to obtain eight valence electrons 6. electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
1 group 5 octet rule 3 periodic table 6 valence electrons 2 period 4 family
How many electrons will a metal generally have in its outer energy level? 1 - 2 1 - 4 4 - 7 8
1-2
How many neutrons are there in the following atom? 235 U 92 235 143 317 92
143
The element 208 U has how many neutrons? 92 330 238 184 146 92
146
The atomic number of the element which does not usually form compounds because its outermost shell is full is: 8 16 18 19 20
18
What is the maximum number of electrons in the following energy level? n = 1
2
1. discovered the electron 2. open spaces model 3. shell model of atom 4. discovered the neutron
3 Bohr 4 Chadwick 2 Rutherford 1 Thomson
1. emitted from a cathode ray tube 2. discovered the neutron 3. discovered the electron 4. postulated the quantum atom 5. discovered the proton 6. father of atomic theory 7. location of most of the mass of the atom
3 J. J. Thomson 5 Rutherford 4 Bohr 7 nucleus 1 electrons 2 Chadwick 6 Dalton
What is the maximum number of electrons found in any shell of the known elements? 2 8 18 32
32
Which atomic number corresponds to the element which is most stable? 1 3 8 16 36
36
How many electrons will a non-metal generally have in its outer shell? 1 - 3 1 - 4 4 - 7 8
4-7
The element 108 Ag has how many protons? 47 108 47 61 107 87
47
1. father of atomic theory 2. discovered electron 3. expressed particles by wave equation 4. research on radioactivity 5. "open spaces" model 6. applied quantum theory to atoms
5 Rutherford 3 Schrödinger 1 Dalton 6 Bohr 4 Curie 2 Thomson
How many electrons can the 5th shell hold? 8 18 24 32 50
50
The element gold occurs in which period? 4th 5th 6th 7th
6th
1. helium nucleus emitted from the nucleus of a decaying isotope; represented by He2+ 2. an electron or particle similar to an electron emitted from the nucleus with negligible mass and a charge of -1 3. high energy ray of energy emitted from some radioactive atoms that is not affected by a magnetic field 4. neutral particle found in the nucleus; mass about equal to that of a proton 5. the central core of the atom containing most of the mass and made up of protons and neutrons 6. one of the particles of the nucleus; positively charged; symbolized by p 7. energy available or given off in specific, predictable quantities 8. the distribution of light when passed through a prism
7 quantum 4 neutron 5 nucleus 6 protons 8 spectrum 3 gamma ray 1 alpha particle 2 beta particle
How many protons are there in the following atom? 235 U 92 235 143 317 92
92
In the vertical columns of the periodic table: Atomic weight increases from top to bottom. Outer shell electrons increases from top to bottom. The number of shells increases from top to bottom. All the physical properties are identical.
Atomic weight increases from top to bottom. The number of shells increases from top to bottom.
The first attempt at publishing a list of relative atomic masses was made by _______.
Dalton
Who is considered the father of atomic theory?
Dalton
Who was the first to propose the idea of atoms?
Democritus
What is meant by "the energy of an electron is quantized"? The quantity of electron energy can be measured. Each electron around an atom has a discrete amount of energy. The quantity of electron energy changes as it moves around the nucleus. all of the above
Each electron around an atom has a discrete amount of energy.
A gamma ray is a very high speed particle with no charge. True False
False
Chlorine has 17 valence electrons. True False
False
Pitchblende is an ore of plutonium. True False
False
Research has shown that the electrons orbit the nucleus in circular motions exactly as shown on the classic Bohr model. True False
False
The broad bands or regions located around the nucleus where the electrons are found are called energy rings. True False
False
The light reflected off an element produces unique identifying spectrum. True False
False
The two elements isolated by the Curies were radium and uranium. True False
False
Each period of the periodic table ends with: alkali metals such as Na, K, Li, and Cs Period 7 elements Group VIIIA elements the oxygen family seven orbital shells
Group VIIIA elements
Which statement is true? Isotopes are atoms of different elements which have the same mass. Isotopes of a given element have equal numbers of neutrons. Isotopes of a given element have very similar chemical properties. Isotopes of a given element have equal numbers of protons and neutrons. Isotopes are atoms that have gained or lost electrons.
Isotopes of a given element have very similar chemical properties.
The true statement concerning the atomic nucleus is: It takes up most of the volume of the atom. It contains protons, neutrons, and electrons. It contains most of the mass of the atom. It is made up of electrons only.
It contains most of the mass of the atom.
A false statement concerning matter is: Matter cannot be subdivided. Matter is composed of many small particles called atoms. Matter is mostly empty space. All matter contains mass.
Matter cannot be subdivided.
Which elements are included in Group 5A? Se, Te, Po Rb, Xe Sn, Pb N, P, Bi
N, P, Bi
The discoverer of X-rays was__________ . The discoverer of radioactivity was___________.
Roentgen Becquerel
The man responsible for discovering that the atom is mostly space is: Millikan Dalton Bohr Einstein Rutherford
Rutherford
Which scientist supplied the equations to combine wave and particle theory? Bohr Schrödinger de Broglie Chadwick
Schrödinger
Which statements are correct about a Group? Select all that apply. The elements in each group have similar chemical properties. The elements in each group have identical physical properties. The atomic number of each element increases by 7 down through the group. Each member of the group has the identical electron configuration in the outer shell.
The elements in each group have similar chemical properties. Each member of the group has the identical electron configuration in the outer shell.
What is a common characteristic of the transitions elements? The next to outermost electron shell begins to fill up. The next to outermost shell is always complete. They can all be metals or non-metals. all of the above
The next to outermost electron shell begins to fill up
What is a common characteristic of the transitions elements? The next to outermost electron shell begins to fill up. The next to outermost shell is always complete. They can all be metals or non-metals. all of the above
The next to outermost electron shell begins to fill up.
In the vertical columns of the periodic table, as the atomic numbers increase: The numbers of electron shells increase. The ionization energies increase. The numbers of electrons in the valence shell increase. The tendency to lose electrons decreases. the size of the atom decreases
The numbers of electron shells increase.
Why do the chemical properties cycle through each period? Every eighth element starting with hydrogen restarts the transition from metal to inert gas. Elements with atomic numbers which are multiples of eight start a new period. The outermost shell of all atoms with two or more electron shells will not have more than 8 electrons. Each period represents a cycle of completing the outer electron shell.
The outermost shell of all atoms with two or more electron shells will not have more than 8 electrons.
What is common about the elements of a period? Select all that apply. They have the same number of electron energy levels. They have similar chemical characteristics. They have similar physical characteristics. They transition from a metal to noble gas.
They have the same number of electron energy levels. They transition from a metal to noble gas.
John Dalton used inductive reasoning to develop his theories. True False
True
Marie Curie named polonium in honor of Poland. True False
True
Properties of elements can be predicted from their placement on the periodic table. True False
True
The Periodic Law states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic within the sequence of their atomic numbers. True False
True
The ideas of Democritus were based on inductive reasoning. True False
True
If the following elements were to combine with each other, choose which demonstrate the Law of Multiple Proportion. Select all that apply. Z:X = 7:1 A:Z = 2.5:1 A:Z = 2.2:1 Y:X = 11:1
Z:X = 7:1 Y:X = 11:1
The light emitted by an incandescent element produces: a unique continuous spectrum a line emission spectrum a spectrum identical to the hydrogen atom a spectrum of one unique wavelength
a line emission spectrum
An alpha particle is: a hydrogen atom a nucleus of helium two neutrons an electron
a nucleus of helium
What causes the lines in the emission spectrum for elements? a continuous release of energy from the heated element a quantum absorption of energy as various electrons are excited to a higher energy level a quantum release of energy as electrons drop back to their ground state none of the above
a quantum release of energy as electrons drop back to their ground state
What causes the lines in the spectrum for elements? a continuous release of energy from the heated element a quantum absorption of energy as various electrons are excited to a higher energy level a quantum release of energy as electrons drop back to their ground state none of the above
a quantum release of energy as electrons drop back to their ground state
A device made by J. J. Thomson to process and detect electrons is the: magnetron Geiger counter cathode-ray tube vacuum tube
cathode-ray tube
Rutherford's research was primarily involved with: electron distribution defining the components of nuclei using electromagnetic energy
defining the components of nuclei
Select all that apply. The last element in any period always has: eight electrons in the outermost energy level five electrons in the outermost energy level the properties of a noble gas the lowest atomic mass because it is a gas
eight electrons in the outermost energy level the properties of a noble gas
The quantum theory of energy levels within atoms was aided by: study of the sun's light spectrum emission line spectra of various elements alpha particles gamma rays
emission line spectra of various elements
A quantum is a unit of: energy speed force radiation
energy
Which statement applies to the energy change illustrated in the quantized energy emission diagram? energy added > energy released energy added < energy released energy added = energy released
energy added = energy released
A vertical column within the periodic table represents a family or _______.
group
Select all that apply. A beta particle: is electromagnetic energy is an electron has zero charge is emitted from the nucleus has a +2 charge has a -1 charge
is an electron is emitted from the nucleus has a -1 charge
The number of positive charges in the nucleus of an atom is equal to: its mass number its atomic number Avogadro's number its atomic mass
its atomic number
James Chadwick's primary discovery was the _________.
neutron
Which of the following elements is a transition metal? calcium magnesium nickel antimony
nickel
An alpha particle is: a hydrogen atom nucleus of helium two neutrons an electron
nucleus of helium
An atom is most stable when it has eight electrons in its outermost energy level. This is a statement of the ___________ rule.
octet
Select all that apply. The discoveries of Niels Bohr were: orbits of electrons charge on the electron quantum energy emissions static electricity relationship between outer shell and chemical properties
orbits of electrons quantum energy emissions relationship between outer shell and chemical properties
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table is known as a _______.
period
Which is the first element in the periodic table to have an electron configuration in the 4th energy level? beryllium carbon potassium titanium
potassium
Rutherford coined the term used for the simplest positive charged particle and called it the: neutron proton electron alpha particle
proton
The atomic number of an atom is equivalent to the number of: neutrons protons electrons protons and neutrons alpha particles
protons
Two isotopes of the same element will always have the same number of _________.
protons
Select all the discoveries that J. J. Thomson is credited with making. subatomic particles neutrons isotopes electrons protons
subatomic particles isotopes electrons
The word "atom" means: the smallest imaginable thing that which cannot be cut that which cannot be seen everything that is not vacuum
that which cannot be cut
Select all the discoveries for which Ernest Rutherford is credited. the emissions of radioactive elements the neutron the electron the proton
the emissions of radioactive elements the proton
Most of the mass of an atom is made up of: the electrons and protons the protons and neutrons the neutrons and electrons none of the above
the protons and neutrons
Periodicity is best defined as: the fact that elements increase in atomic mass in a regular way the repeating nature of physical and chemical properties with increasing atomic number the regular growth of atomic size with atomic mass the consistent decrease of nuclear charge with atomic mass the repeating nature of atomic nuclear structure
the repeating nature of physical and chemical properties with increasing atomic number
Rutherford and Soddy's research involved: deflection of alpha particles caused by positive nucleus defining the components of atomic nuclei the theory that uranium successively disintegrated to lead none of the above
the theory that uranium successively disintegrated to lead
What is a "curie"? standard charge of alpha particles mass of one alpha particle unit of radioactive disintegration a unit of gamma radiation
unit of radioactive disintegration
Rutherford and Soddy's theory was: deflection of alpha particles caused by positive nucleus defining the components of atomic nuclei uranium successively disintegrated to lead none of the above
uranium successively disintegrated to lead
The mathematics of combining quantum theory with wave motion of atomic particles is known as __________ .
wave mechanics
When do electrons emit energy? only when orbiting around nucleus only when knocked out of orbit when moving to a higher orbit when moving to a lower orbit
when moving to a lower orbit
