Chemistry Chapter 2 Assignment
Which of the following actions are permitted in balancing a chemical equation?
- Adding coefficients to formulas of reactants and products. - Multiplying all coefficients by a common factor.
Which of the following are sources of particulate matter?
- Burnin coal - Wildfires - Diesel engines
Which of the following options currently described N2 (Nitrogen gas)?
- Nitrogen is colorless and odorless - Nitrogen is the most abundant substance and air
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction
"Sick building syndrome" may result from ---.
Air filters that are not maintained Building with poor ventilation
Match each of the following species with the correct classification.
Air: Mixture Oxygen (O2): Pure substance
If and a AQI value is reported at 93 this indicates that the some of the pollutants present gives in AQI of 93.
False
Gas molecules are in constant random motion and are extremely _____ under normal atmospheric conditions. If the gas molecules in a sample of air were condensed their actual volume would be very_____.
Far apart; small
What products may be formed when a hydrocarbon undergoes combustion?
Heat O2 CO2 CO
Match each air pollutant with its natural sources.
Sulfur dioxide - released by volcanoes Nitrogen dioxide and Ozone - produced during lighting strikes Carbon monoxide - may be produced by a wildfire Particulate matter - includes dust and pollen
Match each type of hydrocarbon combustion with the products formed.
Complete combustion: CO2 and H2O Incomplete combustion: CO2, H2) and CO
Which of the following options correctly describe hydrocarbons?
- Gasoline and kerosene are mixtures of hydrocarbons - Hydrocarbons are obtained from crude oil - Hydrocarbons burn readily in oxygen to produce CO 2 and H2O
A chemical ----- (e.g. CO2) represents the elementary composition of any pure substance.
formula
A chemical equation is a statement using chemical _____ that expresses both the identities and the relative _____ of the reactants and products involved in a chemical or physical change.
formulas ; quantity
During a chemical reaction, the number of different substances may or may not change, but the total mass of matter present ----.
remains unchanged
During a chemical reaction, the number of different substances may or may not change, but the total mass of matter present _____.
remains unchanged
In the process of ----, the foods that we eat are metabolized to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
respiration
The process of evaluating scientific data and making predictions in an organized manner about the probabilities of an outcome is called ----- assessment.
risk
Eagle volumes of gases contains a number of atoms or molecules as long as the samples are at the same --- and ---.
temperature ; pressure
Match each symbol correctly to the state of matter it represents.
(S) - Solid (g) - gas (l) - liquid
Which of the following options correctly describe atoms? Select all that apply.
- Compounds contain two or more different types of atoms. - An atom is the smallest unit of an element that can exist as a stable, independent entity. - Atoms are extremely small.
Which of the following correctly describe gases? Select all that apply.
- Gases are in constant random motion - Gas molecules are extremely small - Gases are mostly empty space
`Which of the following options correctly describe common air pollutants? Select all that applu.
- Nitrogen dioxide can combine with moisture in the atmosphere to produce acid rain - SO2 may be produced when coal is burned - Carbon monoxide may be produced by charcoal grills or propane camping stoves
Which of the following pollutants are generally produced by the majority of cars? Select all that apply.
- Nitrogen oxides - Carbon monoxides - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Which of the following statements correctly describes the sources and environmental effects of SO2 (sulfur dioxide)?
- SO2 can lead to the formation of aerosols - SO2 can react with water to produce acid rain
Which of the following options critically describe aerosols?
- SO3 can combine with water to create sulfuric acid aerosols - Aerosols can contribute to pollution - Aerosols are liquid and solid particles that remain suspended in the air.
Which of the following options greatly describe the factors that affect air-quality? Select all that apply.
- Weather patterns have an effect on air-quality - The number of people living in a region affects air-quality
Which of the following statements correctly describe the information gained from a balanced chemcial equation? Select all that apply.
- identifies of substances involved - relative quantities of substances involved - often the physical states of reactants and products
Place the chemical steps involved in the ozone production in the correct order. Place the first step of the process at the top of the list and the last step at the bottom of the list.
1) Nitrogen dioxide is exposed to sunlight 2) Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen atom are produced 3) An oxygen atom reacts with an oxygen molecule 4) Ozone is produced
Megacities contain----People or more
10 million
Greek numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element present in a covalent compound. The prefix ____ indicates 10 atoms of the same element, while the prefix hexa- is used to indicate ____ atoms of the same element.
Deca ; 6
The risks presented by pollutants are a function of toxicity and ---- , the amount of a substance encountered.
exposure
Gas molecules are in constant random motion and are extremely ___ under normal atmospheric conditions. if the gas molecules in a sample of air were condensed their actual volume would be very ---.
far apart; small
Hydrocarbons are primarily used as---.
fuel
Which of the following options correctly describe the characteristics and role of oxygen? Select all that apply.
- O2 is absorbed into our blood via the lungs - Oxygen atoms are the most abundant atoms by mass in the human body - O2 is a necessary reactant in burning and rusting
Which of the following statements correctly described radon? Select all that apply.
- Radon can be found in basements - Radon is radioactive - Radon is chemically unreactive
Which of the following options correctly describe how to name a compound containing two nonmetals? Select all the apply.
- The name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate. - The second element is named with its root and the suffix-ide. - A Greek numerical prefix is always used when more than one atom is present to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound.
Is the chemical equation depicted in the illustration balanced? Why? Select all that apply.
- There are the same number and type of atoms on each side of the chemical equation. - Yes the chemical equation is balanced.
The concentration of hydrogen in air is 0.000055%. What is this value in ppm?
0.55 ppm
The chemical formula CCl4 indicated that there is/are __ carbon atoms for every __ chlorine atoms.
1 and 4
The typical amount of water vapor on the surface of the earth is 10,000 - 40,000 ppm. What is the value as a percent?
1-4%
Classify each of the samples of matter according to type as indicated.
A - Compound B - Element
Which of the following options critically describe the characteristics in behavior of argon which is a component of air? Select all that apply.
Argon makes up less than 1% of air Argon is a typical component of air
Match each type of pure substance to the correct description.
Element - contains only one type of atom Compound - consists of two or more elements, chemically bound
Percent parts per ---- means?
Hundred
Which of the following options correctly describes how hydrocarbons are named?
Hydrocarbons are named with the root based on the number of carbon atoms followed by the suffix-ane.
Which compound reacts with ozone, reacting the ozone concentrations all along congested highways?
NO
Which of the phone pollutants have short enough lifetimes that their concentration indoors is much lower than outdoors?
NO2 SO2 O3
Which of the following is the correct name for the compound NO2?
Nitrogen dioxide
Which of the following species are involved in the conversion of NO to NO2 in the atmosphere?
O3 (ozone) OH (hydroxyl radical) VOCs
Which of the following are considered air pollutants?
Particulate matter Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide Ozone
What is ambient air?
The air surrounding us, usually outside air
Combustion is correctly described---.
The process in which a substance burns and oxygen
What term is used to describe the intrinsic health hazard of a substance?
Toxicity
Place the layers of Earth's atmosphere in the correct order, starting with the layer that is closest to Earth at the top of the list.
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
After the completion of a chemical reaction the number of substances may change but the total mass of matter present remains constant.
True
Which of the following activities do NOT cause indoor air pollution? Select all that apply.
Turning on the television Running the washing machine
The term "shifting baseline" refers to ---- .
a change in what people expect as "normal"
Different forms of the same element (such as O2 and O3) are called ---.
allotropes
A molecule is an independent structure composed of two or more ____ chemically bonded together.
atoms
Hydrocarbons are compound that contain only --- and ----.
carbon hydrogen
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are --- containing compounds that pass easily into the -- phase.
carbon ; vapor
A species capable of causing caner is called a ---- compound.
carcinogenic
Which of the following is the primary source of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2)?
coal burning power plants
Which of the following is the primary source of atmospheric sulfure dioxide (SO2)?
coal-burning power plants
A chemical equation that is properly balanced obeys the law of ----.
conservation of mass
The set of principles used to design environmentally friendly chemical products and/or processes is called --- Chemistry.
green
Organic compounds always contain the element ----.
hydrogen
A volatile substance readily undergoes a phase change from _____.
liquid to gas
Match each prefix used for the naming of hydrocarbons with the number of carbon atoms it indicates.
meth - 1 carbon atom eth - 2 carbon atom prop - 3 carbon atom but - 4 carbon atom
Combustion is an example of a type of chemical ____, where reactants are transformed into products.
reaction
An ---- pollutant is produced from chemical reactions involving one or more other pollenates
secondary
VOCs or --- are a class of air pollutant that typically orginates from ---.
volatile organic compounds; cars
Place the gasses that make up air in order of decreasing percent composition, starting with the most abundant gas at the top of the list.
1) Nitrogen 2) Oxygen 3) Argon
Which of the following options correctly describe the formation and control of pollutants produced by cars? Slect all that apply.
- Catalytic converters have reduced the CO emissions from cars - Volatile organic compounds are connected to the formation of nitrogen dioxide.
Which of the following options correctly described particulate matter? Select all that apply.
- Dust is an example of particulate matter - Some particulate matter can pass into the bloodstream and cause heart disease. - Particulate matter can originate from fire, car engines, or coal burning plants.
Ozone decomposes into oxygen and atomic oxygen. Which of the following statements correctly describe the balanced equation for this reaction? Select all that apply.
- The are 3 atoms of oxygen on the left side of the reaction and 3 atoms of oxygen on the product side of the equation. - O2 is a product of the reaction.
Which of the following air samples are toxic? Select all that apply. (Refer to the table provided.) - 13g/m^3 of O3 - 1 ppm CO - 0.9 ppm So2 - 5.0 x10^2 g/m^3 of No2
- 0.9 ppm So2 - 5.0 x10^2 g/m^3 of No2
Rank the tree pollutants listed in the table in order of decreasing toxicity, based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard for a 1-hour expose period. Start with the most toxic pollutant at the top of the list. Polluntant - Standard (ppm) for 1-hour exposure CO - 35 NO2 - 0.100 SO2 - 0.075
SO2 No2 CO
To improve air quality different pieces of legislation have been enacted. Match the peice of air-quality legislation with its intent.
U.S. Clean Air Act - Established air quality standards focused on limiting exposure to hazardous substances Pollution Prevention Act - Focused on prevention of formation of hazardous substances
Rank the pollutants from the most to the least toxic, based on the values given in the accompanying table. Be careful; note that these numbers are the concentration levels deemed unsafe. Start with the most toxic pollutant at the top of the list. Pollutant - Toxicity level (g/m^3) CO - 4 x 10^4 O3 - 2.35 x 10^2 PM2.5 - 3.5 x 10^1
1) PM2.5 2) O3 3) CO
Greek numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element present in the covalent compound. The prefix --- indicates 10 atoms of the same element, while the prefix hexa - is used to indicate -- atoms of the same element.
deca ; 6
What is the term used to define the lower region of the atmosphere in which we live, which lies directly above the surface of the Earth?
Troposphere
Which of the following gases as measured in order to assess the efficiency of an automobile in most states in the United States?
CO
Which of the following toxic gases pollutant is odorless and therefore particularly dangerous?
CO (Carbon monoxide)
What ailment is the primary hazard associated with exposure to particulate matter?
Cardiovascular disease
For low concentration, it is more convenient to use units of parts per _____ (ppm), instead of percent. This unit is of a concentration 10,000 times smaller than 1%.
Million
Match each form of matter to the correct description
Mixture: Physical combination of two or more species Pure substance: Form of matter with a definite composition
Output of carbon ----- Is used to measure the efficiency of an automobile. This gas is measured in order to determine the degree of ----- Combustion.
Monoxide; incomplete
Some compounds are so common that they are named using "common" or "trivial" names instead of systematic names. Match each of the following compounds with its correct name.
NH3 - Ammonia H2O - Water Ch4 - Methane O3 - Ozone
Even in small concentrations ozone can affect -- function in humans. Ozone also damages ---, which are essential to human life.
lung; crops and trees
A chemical equation must be balanced. This means that the same ___ and ___ of atoms must appear on both sides of the equation.
number ; type
A molecule that always contains carbon and may contain hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen is called a --- compound.
organic
I'm onto that always contains carbon in may contain hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen is called --- compound.
organic
When naming a compound composed of two nonmetals, the number of atoms of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical ---.
prefix
Droplets that contain suspended solid and liquid particles are called ----.
Aerosols
Balance the unbalanced equation given and match each substance to the correct coefficient as indicated. Al (s) + O2 (g) --> Al2)3 (s)
Al - 4 O2 - 3 Al2O3 - 2
Blance the unbalanced equation given and match each substance to the correct coefficient as indicated. Al (s) + O2 (g) --> Al2 O3 (s)
Al -4 O2 - 3 Al2O3 - 2
Match each color designation form the Air Quality Index with its appropriate meaning.
Green or yellow - Air quality is good to moderate Orange - Air has become unhealthy for some groups Red, purple, maroon - Air is unhealthy for everyone to breathe
Give the correct chemical formula for sulfur tetrafluoride. Do not use any special formatting; simply enter the element symbols and the numbers associated with each one in the correct order.
SF4
Managing human consumption of natural resources so that these resources are not exhausted is called _____.
Sustainability
