Chemistry - Chapter 3: Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility - Section 1: What is a Solution?
What is a compound?
2 or more elements that are chemically combined; has a fixed composition. The ratio of the atoms is always the same.
What is a mixture?
A combination of substances that are not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes. NOTE: Do not always contain the same proportions of the substances that they are made of.
In liquid solutions, what state can the solute be?
A liquid, solid, or gas.
What is vinegar?
A liquid-liquid solution that is 95% water (the solvent) and 5% acetic acid (solute).
What is a heterogenous mixture?
A mixture in which its substances are not evenly mixed. The different areas have different compositions. The substances inside are usually easy to tell apart like the seeds in a watermelon.
What is lemonade?
A mixture that can be strong or weak tasting depending on the amount of water and lemon juice it contains. It can also be sweet or sour depending on the amount of sugar it contains.
What is a homogenous mixture?
A mixture that contains 2 or more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but not bonded together.
What is a proton?
A positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.
What is an alloy?
A solid-solid solution made from two or more metals. Possible to have non-metal elements.
What is a pure substance?
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. The number of protons are fixed and cannot change unless the element changes.
What are a few examples of heterogeneous mixtures?
A watermelon, cold cereal with milk, and the pens, pencils, and books in your backpack.
What can be dissolved in water?
Acetic acid (a liquid), carbon dioxide (a gas), and drink-mix crystals (a solid).
Give an example of distinguishing atoms by the number of protons it has.
All atoms that have 8 protons are oxygen atoms.
What is steel?
An alloy that has carbon dissolved in iron. The carbon makes the steel stronger and more flexible than iron.
Give an example of a pure substance.
An element, like oxygen.
What is a solution?
Another name for a homogenous mixture.
What are a few examples of a physical process?
Boiling, changing pressure, cooling, and sorting.
What are a few examples of a chemical process?
Burning, reacting with other chemicals, and reacting with light.
How are an atom's chemical and physical properties determined?
By the number of protons it has.
What causes crystallization?
Cooling of the solution or evaporation of some of the solvent.
How can you separate a mixture of iron fillings and sand?
Draw the iron fillings out with a magnet.
What is watermelon a mixture of?
Fruit and seeds but the seeds are not evenly spaced out making it a heterogeneous mixture.
What is the air we breathe?
Gas-gas; nitrogen make up 78 of dry air and is the solvent. The other gases are the solutes.
What happens if you strain pulpy orange juice?
It loses its pulp.
Give an example of dissolving.
Making sugar water for a hummingbird feeder; add sugar to water then heat it until the sugar disappears. The sugar molecules will have spread out until they were evenly spread out forming a solution. Solute-sugar. Solvent-water.
What is a substance?
Matter that has the same fixed composition and properties. It can't be broken down by ordinary physical processes such as boiling, grinding, and filtering.
How is soap scum formed?
Minerals dissolved in tap water react chemically with soap.
What are a few examples of homogenous mixtures?
Shampoo because it has the same color and texture throughout and frozen pops because their sugar and water molecules are evenly mixed and you can't see the sugar.
Where could precipitates form?
Sink or shower because of chemical reactions.
What can the solid solutions' state be?
Solvent - solid. Solute - solid/liquid/gas.
What is a solution in brass?
Solvent/State Solute/State State of Solution copper/solid zinc/solid solid
What is a solution in Earth's atmosphere?
Solvent/State Solute/State State of Solution nitrogen/gas Oxygen/gas gas carbon dioxide/gas argon/gas
What is a solution in a carbonated beverage?
Solvent/State Solute/State State of Solution water/liquid carbon liquid (liquid-gas) dioxide/gas
What is a solution in ocean water?
Solvent/State Solute/State State of Solution water/liquid salt/solid liquid oxygen/gas carbon dioxide/gas
What is an atom?
The basic building blocks of matter. Each one has unique chemical and physical properties.
In gaseous solutions, how does gas dissolve?
The smaller amount goes into the larger amount of gas.
What is a precipitate?
The solid that forms when some solutions are mixed that cause a chemical reaction. It is the result of a chemical change.
What is a solute?
The substance that dissolves (seems to disappear).
What is a solvent?
The substance that dissolves the solute. If not specified, it is the substance that has the most quantity.
What happens when you boil salt water?
The water turns into a gas and leaves the salt behind.
How are stalagmites formed?
They are formed from solutions when minerals dissolve in water flowing through rocks at the top of the cave. The solution formed drops onto the floor of the caves and evaporates. Can grow until it touches a stalactite.
How are stalactites formed?
They are formed from solutions when minerals dissolve in water flowing through rocks at the top of the cave. The solutions drips from the roof of the cave, when drops evaporate, the minerals are left behind. Can grow until it touches a stalagmite.
Give an example of a substance.
Water; always the same even when you boil it or freeze it. NOTE: NOT an element.
What is an example of a compound?
Water; it is made of two or more elements chemically combined. 2 hydrogen atoms + 1 oxygen atom = water. NOTE: ALL water in ANY form (ice, liquid, or steam) has the same ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms.
What is crystallization?
When a solute comes back from its solution and forms a solid. It is a physical change.
What is dissolving?
When the molecules spread out until the solute disappears.
