Chemistry Exam Review (Multiple Choice)

What is the temperature of absolute zero measured in C?

-273nC

Which of the following statements is false? a. Knowledge of chemistry allows the public to make informed decisions. b. Studying chemistry ensures that officials make correct choices in funding technology. c. Knowledge of chemistry helps prepare people for careers in soil science. d. Chemistry explains many aspects of nature.

. b. Studying chemistry ensures that officials make correct choices in funding technology.

Which of the following measurements contains two significant figures? a. 0.004 00 L c. 0.000 44 L b. 0.004 04 L d. 0.004 40 L

0.000 44 L

. What is the density of an object having a mass of 8.0 g and a volume of 25 cm^3

0.32 g/cm^3

What is the quantity 0.0075 meters expressed in centimeters?

0.75 cm

A train travels at a speed of 30 miles per hour. If 1 mile = 1.6 kilometers, how fast is the train traveling in kilometers per minute?

0.8 km/min

. How many half-filled orbitals are in a bromine atom?

1

What is the measurement 1042 L rounded off to two significant digits?

1.0 mc 10mc L

What is the relative mass of an electron?

1/1840 the mass of a hydrogen atom

Which of the following equalities is NOT correct? Use the table above to help you. a. 100 cg = 1 g c. 1 cm = 1 mL b. 1000 mm = 1 m d. 10 kg = 1 g

10 kg = 1 g

If the temperature changes by 100 K, by how much does it change in C?

100 C

Express the product of 2.2 mm and 5.00 mm using the correct number of significant digits.

11 mm

Express the sum of 1111 km and 222 km using the correct number of significant digits.

1333 km

. What is the electron configuration of potassium?

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

How many unpaired electrons are in a sulfur atom (atomic number 16)?

2

Which group of measurements is the most precise? (Each group of measurements is for a different object.) a. 2 g, 3 g, 4 g c. 2 g, 2.5 g, 3 g b. 2.0 g, 3.0 g, 4.0 g d. 1 g, 3 g, 5 g

2 g, 2.5 g, 3 g

What is the boiling point of water in kelvins?

373 K

What is the volume of 45.6 g of silver if the density of silver is 10.5 g/mL?

4.34 mL

Which electron configuration of the 4f energy sublevel is the most stable?

4f 14

What is the next atomic orbital in the series 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p?

4s

What is the maximum number of d orbitals in a principal energy level?

5

How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with atomic number 50 and mass number 125 contain?

50 protons, 50 electrons, 75 neutrons

What is the maximum number of f orbitals in any single energy level in an atom?

7

Which of the following measurements is expressed to three significant figures? a. 0.007 m c. 7.30 mc 10mc km b. 7077 mg d. 0.070 mm

7.30mc \g 10m\ km

Using the periodic table, determine the number of neutrons in O.

8

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level?

8

Which of the following is NOT a part of Dalton's atomic theory? a. All elements are composed of atoms. b. Atoms are always in motion. c. Atoms of the same element are identical. d. Atoms that combine do so in simple whole-number ratios

Atoms are always in motion.

Which of the following was originally a tenet of Dalton's atomic theory, but had to be revised about a century ago? a. Atoms are tiny indivisible particles. b. Atoms of the same element are identical. c. Compounds are made by combining atoms. d. Atoms of different elements can combine with one another in simple whole number ratios.

Atoms are tiny indivisible particles.

Dalton's atomic theory included which idea?

Atoms of the same element are always identical.

What must be done to be certain that a chemical change has taken place?

Check the composition of the sample before and after the change

As a consequence of the discovery of the nucleus by Rutherford, which model of the atom is thought to be true?

Electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy almost all the volume of the atom.

Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Protons have a positive charge. b. Electrons are negatively charged and have a mass of 1 amu. c. The nucleus of an atom is positively charged. d. Neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

Electrons are negatively charged and have a mass of 1 amu.

. What is the basis for exceptions to the aufbau diagram?

Filled and half-filled energy sublevels are more stable than partially-filled energy sublevels.

How do the isotopes hydrogen-1 and hydrogen-2 differ?

Hydrogen-2 has one neutron; hydrogen-1 has none.

In which of the following sets is the symbol of the element, the number of protons, and the number of electrons given correctly? a. In, 49 protons, 49 electrons c. Cs, 55 protons, 132.9 electrons b. Zn, 30 protons, 60 electrons d. F, 19 protons, 19 electrons

In, 49 protons, 49 electrons

. How does the energy of an electron change when the electron moves closer to the nucleus?

It decreases.

Which temperature scale has no negative temperatures?

Kelvin

What happens to matter during a chemical reaction?

Matter is neither destroyed or created.

The density of mercury is 5,427 kg/(m3). If the density of water is 1.0 g/mL, will mercury float or sink in water?

Mercury will sink because the density of mercury is 5.427 g/mL, which is greater than the 1.0 g/mL density of water.

What distinguishes a substance from a mixture?

Mixtures can be separated physically, while substance cannot.

. How do conceptual problems differ from numeric problems?

Solutions to conceptual problems normally do not involve calculations.

How is the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom calculated?

Subtract the number of protons from the mass number.

. Why do chemists use relative masses of atoms compared to a reference isotope rather than the actual masses of the atoms?

The actual masses of atoms are very small and difficult to work with

. If the temperature of a piece of steel decreases, what happens to its density?

The density increases.

In Bohr's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?

The electrons move around the protons, which are at the center of the atom.

Which of the following indicates that a chemical change has happened during cooking? a. The food darkens. b. Bubbles form in boiling water. c. Butter melts. d. Energy is transferred from the stove to a pan.

The food darkens.

Which of the following is true about subatomic particles? a. Electrons are negatively charged and are the heaviest subatomic particle. b. Protons are positively charged and the lightest subatomic particle. c. Neutrons have no charge and are the lightest subatomic particle. d. The mass of a neutron nearly equals the mass of a proton.

The mass of a neutron nearly equals the mass of a proton.

Which of the following is correct concerning subatomic particles? a. The electron was discovered by Goldstein in 1886. b. The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. c. The proton was discovered by Thomson in 1880. d. Cathode rays were found to be made of protons.

The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932

How does the speed of visible light compare with the speed of gamma rays, when both speeds are measured in a vacuum

The speeds are the same.

Which of the following is true for all chemical reactions? a. The total mass of the reactants increases. b. The total mass of the products is greater than the total mass of the reactants. c. The total mass of the products is less than the total mass of the reactants. d. The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.

The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.

What must occur for a change to be a chemical reaction?

There must be a change in chemical properties.

. Which of the following is true about homogeneous mixtures? a. They are known as solutions. b. They consist of two or more phases. c. They have compositions that never vary. d. They are always liquids.

They are known as solutions.

Which of the following is true about compounds? a. They can be physically separated into their component elements. b. They have compositions that vary. c. They are substances. d. They have properties similar to those of their component elements.

They are substances.

When paper turns yellow-brown upon exposure to sunlight, what type of change is likely taking place?

a chemical change

Which of the following would a chemist be most likely to study? a. a leaf floating on water c. a leaf being blown by the wind b. a leaf changing color in autumn d. a leaf being eaten by insects

a leaf changing color in autumn

All of the following are physical properties of matter EXCEPT ____. a. mass c. melting point b. color d. ability to rust

ability to rust

When an electron moves from a lower to a higher energy level, the electron ____.

absorbs a quantum of energy

When a test instrument is calibrated, does its accuracy, precision, or reliability improve?

accuracy

What unit is used to measure weighted average atomic mass?

amu

Dalton hypothesized that atoms are indivisible and that all atoms of an element are identical. It is now known that ____.

atoms are divisible

Which of the following processes does NOT involve a change in chemical properties? a. rusting c. boiling b. fermenting d. burning

boiling

The first figure in a properly written chemical symbol always is ____.

capitalized

Which field of science studies the composition and structure of matter?

chemistry

Which of the following are considered physical properties of a substance?

color and odor malleability and hardness melting and boiling points (All of the above)

. If the spin of one electron in an orbital is clockwise, what is the spin of the other electron in that orbital?

counterclockwise

A chemical change occurs when a piece of wood ____

decays

Which of the following does NOT involve a physical change? a. mixing c. grinding b. melting d. decomposing

decomposing

. The weight of an object ____.

depends on its location

What is the shape of the 3p atomic orbital?

dumbbell

. Which of the following is a physical change? a. corrosion c. evaporation b. explosion d. rotting of food

evaporation

Stable electron configurations are likely to contain ____.

filled energy sublevels

How many significant figures are in the measurement 811.40 grams?

five

Which of the following electromagnetic waves have the highest frequencies? a. ultraviolet light waves c. microwaves b. X-rays d. gamma rays

gamma rays

A vapor is which state of matter?

gas

Which state of matter expands when heated and is easy to compress?

gas

Which of the following is NOT an example of matter? a. air c. smoke b. heat d. water vapor

heat

The chemical formula of a compound does NOT indicate the ____.

how elements are joined in the compound

All of the following are physical properties of a substance in the liquid state EXCEPT ____. a. indefinite volume c. not easily compressed b. definite mass d. indefinite shape

indefinite volume

One characteristic of a scientific theory is that ____.

it can never be proved

Which of the following is used for chemical symbols today?

letters

Which state of matter has a definite volume and takes the shape of its container?

liquid

Which state of matter is characterized by having an indefinite shape, but a definite volume?

liquid

Which step in the scientific method requires you to use your senses to obtain information?

making an observation

What is the metric system prefix for the quantity 0.000 001

micro-

. If three electrons are available to fill three empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the electrons be distributed in the three orbitals?

one electron in each orbital

Which of the following volumes is the smallest? a. one microliter c. one milliliter b. one liter d. one deciliter

one microliter

Which of the following equals one atomic mass unit? a. the mass of one electron b. the mass of one helium-4 atom c. the mass of one carbon-12 atom d. one-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 atom

one-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 atom

Which of the following is NOT an example of chemistry research in the main area of energy? a. producing hook-and-loop tape b. determining the usefulness of oil from soybean plants c. developing rechargeable batteries d. studying the effects of insulation

producing hook-and-loop tape

. The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?

protons

Which of the following items is NOT a compound? a. baking soda c. sucrose b. salad dressing d. table salt

salad dressing

. Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? a. air c. steel b. salt water d. soil

soil

Which state of matter is characterized by having a definite shape and a definite volume?

solid

An example of a homogeneous mixture is ____

stainless steel

. Which of the following best describes an example of pure chemistry? a. testing the effects of lower concentrations of a drug on humans b. studying chemicals containing carbon c. developing a cure for osteoporosis d. finding an antidote for a new strain of virus

studying chemicals containing carbon

In the chemical reaction in which sucrose is heated and decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water, which of the following is a reactant?

sucrose

. The comparison of the number of atoms in a copper coin the size of a penny with the number of people on Earth is made to illustrate which of the following?

that atoms are very small

Which of the following is necessary to calculate the atomic mass of an element? a. the atomic mass of carbon-12 b. he atomic number of the element c. the relative masses of the element's protons and neutrons d. the masses of each isotope of the element

the masses of each isotope of the element

How many significant figures are in the measurement 40,500 mg?

three

How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.003 4 kg?

two

A cubic meter is about the same as the volume occupied by a ____.

washing machine