Chemistry Families and Trends

Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Trends

Go up going right on the row and going down on the column.

Atomic Radius Trend

Goes up going left on the row and down on the column.

Ionization Energy Trend

Goes up going right on the row and up on the column.

Alkali Metals

Group 1, 1 valence electron, very reactive, soft, shiny, low density, not malleable, and react with water to form gas.

Boron Family Properties:

Group 13, 3 valence electrons, boron is metalloid but rest are metals. Includes Aluminum, which is most abundant element in Earth's crust.

Carbon Family Properties:

Group 14, 4 valence electrons, can lose 4 or gain 4 electrons to become stable, 1 non-metal (Carbon) and the rest are metals and metalloids.

Nitrogen Family Properties:

Group 15, 5 valence electrons, includes all 3 types of elements, includes Nitrogen which makes up 78% of atmosphere.

Oxygen Family Properties:

Group 16, 6 valence electrons, very reactive, share electrons amongst each other.

Halogen Family Properties:

Group 17, 7 valence electrons, VERY reactive, includes most reactive element (fluorine), always in compounds.

Noble Gas Family Properties:

Group 18, full outer shell of 8 valence electrons (except He has 2), stable, inactive, intert.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 2, 2 valence electrons, harder than the alkali metals and are also less reactive and more dense.

Transition Metals

Groups 3-12, properties don't perfectly match each others or fit in any other family, less reactive than alkali-earth metals, many can combine with Oxygen to form oxides.

Non-Metal Properties

Not conductive, brittle, not ductile or malleable, dull, many are gases.

Metal Properties

Shiny, malleable, ductile, conductive, and can corrode.

Metalloid Properties

better conductivity than non-metals but not as good as metals, shiny or dull, all solids, ductile, and malleable.