Chemistry Final

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

in 1911, rutherford conducted his now famous gold foil experiment. During the experiment, alpha particles bombarded a thin piece of gold foil. The alpha particles were expected to pass easily through the gold foil. every now and then, however, an alpha particle bounced back - an unexpected result. Rutherford concluded that these particles were striking

a tiny region of positive charge

write the group number for the following elements a. alkali metals b. halogens c. transition metals

a. 1 b. 7 c. 3-12

state the valence electrons each statement has a. O b. Br c. He d.K

a. 6 b. 7 c. 2 d. 1

indicate if each orbital notation is valid or invalid. If invalid circle the error and state which rule is broken a. 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ 2p ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 3s ↑↓ 3p ↑↑ ↑ ↑ b. 1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ 2p ↑↓↑↓↑↓ 3s ↑↓ 3p ↑ ↑ _ 4s ↑

a. invalid (↑↑) pali exclusion b. invalid (empty space) abufu principle

label each characteristic as metal, nonmetal, and metalloid a. ductile b. gas c. staircase d. left of staircase

a. metals b. nonmetals c. metalloid d. metals

draw one orbital that is represented by designations. Must be a shape and they should be proportional a. 2s b. 3p c. 3s

a. sphere b. propeller c. bigger sphere

Which of the following is not one of the 5 principles of Dalton's theory?

all atoms have similar physical and chemical properties

what is the fomula unit of aluminum oxide?

al₂0₃

compared with the elements at the left end of the p-black element group, the elements at the right end

are less metallic

the atomic symbol for Beryllium, ⁹₄Be, indicates that the

atomic number is 4

Which feature of Dalton's atomic theory is different from modern atomic theory?

atoms cannot be subdivided

what causes dipole interactions

attraction between polar molecules

what causes hydrogen bonding

bonding of a covalently bonded hydrogen atom with an unshaped electron pair

how is a pair of molecular orbitals formed

by the overlap of two atomic orbitals from different atom

The law of multiple proportions is demonstrated by the compounds

co and co₂

when one atom contributes both bonding electrons in a single covalent bond, the bond is called an

coordinate covalent bond

a 3 dimensional arrangement of particle in an ionic solid is called

crystal lattice

the VSEPR model is used mainly to

determine molecular shape

a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound is called

electronegativity

a nonpolar covalent bond is one in which

electrons are shared equally

According to the law of conservation of mass, when sodium, hydrogen and oxygen react to form a compound, the mass of the compound will be

equal to the sum of the masses of the reactants

shorthand electron configuration for copper

exception

a light is emitted from a gaseous atom when an electron moves to its ground state from an

excited state

how many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond

four

as the atomic number increases within a group of elements, the atomic radius

generally increases

the lowest energy state of an atom is its

ground state

all the alkali metal elements are found on the periodic table in

group 1

which periodic group or family of elements is not correctly matched with its common family name?

group 3 - alkali metals

which of the following covalent bonds is the most polar?

h-f

compared with ionic compounds, molecular compounds

having lower melting points

the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new orbitals of equal energies is called

hybridization

which of the following elements is a transition metal?

iron

the overall charge of a formula unit for an ionic compound

is always 0

which of the following elements is most similar behavior to calcium?

magnesium

which of the following pairs of electrons is most likely to form an ionic compound

magnesium and flourine

Isotopes are atoms of the same element but have different

masses

molecules containing only polar covalent bonds __________

may or may not be polar

what is thought to cause the dispersion forces

motion of electrons

electrons can be found

moving rapidly outside the nucleus

to take a weighted average of all the naturally occuring isotopes of an element in order to arrive at an average atomic mass, you would

multiply the mass of each isotope by the decimal fraction representing its abundance naturally, then add all these products together

the behavior of cathode rays in a glass tube containing gas at low pressure led to conclude that the rays are composed of

negative particles

Experiments with cathode rays being deflected by a magnetic field show that cathode rays are composed of particles that are

negatively charged

The metalloids are located on the periodic table between

nonmetals and metal

most of the volume of an atom is occupied by the

nucleus

The diagram ↑↓ represents two electrons with

opposite spin states

Which of the following theories provides information concerning both molecular shape and molecuar bonding

orbital hybridization

Acording to vsepr theory, molecules adjust thier shapes to keep which of the following as far apart as possible

pairs of valence electrons

most chemical bonds are

partly ionic and partly covalent

a horizontal row in the periodic table is called a(n)

period

the side by side overlap of p orbitals produces what kind of bond

pi bond

Mendeleev organized the chemical elements based on their

properties

shorthand electron configuration for strontium

(Kr)5s²

In an experiment, Alex and Rachel discover that their sample of table salt, also known as sodium chloride, NaCI, consists of 39.34% by mass sodium, Na, and 60.66% by mass chlorine, Cl. Later, alex wonders what that percentage of Na might be in the table salt in his saltshaker at home. Rachel tells him, correctly that it is

39.34%

how many electrons does carbon ave in its outermost shell?

4

carbon-14 has 8 neutrons. What is the atomic number of carbon - 14?

6

order the following in decreasing electronegativity : Ge, Br, Se

Br > Se > Ge

which is larger Cl or Cl⁻

Cl⁻

which of the following elements is not a metal H,K,Na,Fr

H

neutral atoms contain equal numbers of

protons and electrons

except for in the simplest type of hydrogen atom, all nuclei consist of

protons and neutrons

as the mass number of an element's isotopes of an element increases, the number of protons

remains the same

bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single lewis structure is

resonance

the formula unit of an ionic compound shows the

simplest ratio of the ions

Protons are bound together by

strong nuclear forces

the electron configuration below represents a ground state atom of which element 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴

sulfur

what is the basis of a metallic bond?

the attraction of metal ions to mobile electrons

the ancient Greek philosopher who first proposed the notion of the atom was

Democritus

the octet rule states that atoms tend to have

the electron configuration of a noble gas

describe shielding

the electrons of the inner energy levels block out the charge from the outer energy levels

the symbol o+ is placed next to which of the following

the less electronegative atom in a polar covalent bond

the atomic number of an element is

the number of protons in each atom of the element

the periodic law states that

the physical and chemical properties of the elements are functions of their atomic number

According to the law of definite proportions, any two samples of KCl will have

the same elements in the same proportions by mass

mass number is

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of the element

The average atomic mass of an element is

the weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of the element

what characteristic of metals makes them goof electrical conductors

they have mobile valance electrons

the total volume of the nucleus of an atom is

very small compared to the rest of the atom

the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves is the wave's

wavelength

The discovery of the nucleus was a result of Rutherford's observation that a small percentage of the positively charged particles bombarding the metal's surface

were deflected back toward the source

the nuclear symbol for uranium-235 should be written as

²³⁵₉₂U

order K, Na, Cs in increasing atomic radius

Na < K < Cs

order the following in increasing ionization energy: F,C,Sn

Sn < C < F

which of the following is a pseudo noble gas electron configuration

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰

the number of valence electrons for group 2 elements is

2

what is the charge on the strontium ion?

2+

A molecule of carbon monoxide, co containing 1 g of carbon, 1.33 g of oxygen will combine with the carbon to form the molecule. What is the mass of oxygen in a sample of CO₂₂ containing 1 g of carbon?

2.66 g

the atomic number of nickle-60 is 28 how many neutrons does this isotope have

32 neutrons

what is the atomic number of the element with the noble - gas notation (Kr)5s1

37

cobalt - 60 with a half life of 5 years, is used in cancer radiation treatments. If a 30.0 g sample, how much would be left after 15 years?

37.5 g

an atom of potassium has 19 protons and 20 neutrons. Its mass number is

39

electrons mass number? charge? location?

0 - in orbit outside of nucleus

how many possible orientations does an s orbital have

1

protons mass number? charge? location?

1 + nucleus

neutrons mass number? charge? location?

1 0 nucleus

determine the wavelength for a wave with a frequency of 2.58 ∙ 10⁴ Hz

1.16 ∙ 10⁻⁶

a neutral atom of silicon - 30 contains 14 protons. How many electrons does it have?

14

oxygen has 3 naturally occuring isotopes in the following proportions: Oxygen-16, 99.72% (15.99491 amu); oxygen 17, 0.038000 ( 16.9913 amu); oxygen 18, 0.20000% (17.9916 amu); what is the average atomic mass of oxygen

15.999 amu

the halogens are located on the periodic table in group

17

K⁺ had 19 protons. How many electrons does it have? is this cation or anion?

19 electrons, cation

The atomic mass of an atom ia 12 amu, and the atomic mass of an atom is 16 amu. To produce Co₂, 16 g of oxygen combine with 12 g of carbon. To produce Co₂, 32 g of oxygen combine with 12 g of carbon. The ratio of the mass of oxygen in Co₂ to the mass of Co is

1:2

orbital notation for aluminum

1s ↑↓ 2s ↑↓ 2p ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 3s ↑↓ 3p ↑

what is the correct noble-gas notation for the electron configuration of an atom of chlorine

[Ne] 3s² 3p⁵

Rtherford's gold foil experiment led him to conclude that

a dense region of positive charge existed somewhere in an atom

an ionic bond is

a force that holds together atoms that are oppositely charged

ionic bonds generally occur between

a metal and a nonmetal

Rutherford called the region that deflected the alpha particles

a nucleus


Kaugnay na mga set ng pag-aaral

Physical Science H polar, nonpolar, or both

View Set

Chapter 1 to 2 The Cell as a Unit of Health and and Cellular Responses to Stress and Toxic Insults

View Set

Chapter 7 Quiz: Organizing and Outlining Your Speech

View Set

Ch. 1 Learning: Introduction to the Basics of Pathophysiology

View Set

Unit 7 Quantitive Measures and Investment Risk

View Set

Ch 22: Nursing Management of the Postpartum Woman at Risk

View Set

California Legal Aspects of Real Estate Chapter 1

View Set

FINISHED: American History Study Guide Chapters 23-26

View Set