Chemistry Final
How are disaccharides and monosaccharides related?
A disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharide units.
A fuel cell produces electrical energy from ________.
A fuel
Which has the greatest penetrating power?
A gamma ray
How are monomers and polymers related?
A monomer is a small, repeating unit that makes up a polymer.
The following statement describes which subatomic particle best?It does not have an electrical charge.
A neutron
What is the main difference between a conceptual model and a physical model?
A physical model represents the shape and form while a conceptual model describes how a system behaves.
Most scientific inquires begin with ________.
A strong interest
Which of the following statements is untrue about oxidation and reduction processes?
An oxidation can happen without a reduction.
Why don't the electrodes of a fuel cell deteriorate the way the electrodes of a battery do?
As long as fuel is supplied, fuel cells don't run down, but car batteries die when the electron-producing chemicals are consumed.
How is the solubility of a gas affected by temperature?
As temperature goes down, the solubility goes up.
How are pressure and the boiling point of a compound related?
As the pressure decreases the boiling point decreases
The boiling point of methanol is 65°C and the boiling point of ethanol is 78°C. Which of the following statements is true?
At 70°C you would have methanol gas and liquid ethanol.
Which one of the following is NOT part of Dalton's atomic theory?
Atoms change into other atoms in chemical reactions.
How might you separate a mixture of sand and salt? A. heat the mixture until one of the components melts B. two of these answers are reasonable. C. with tweezers and a magnifying glass D. just add water
B
Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated? A. one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar B. one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar C. one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar D. one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar E. They all have the same volume.
B
According to the following balanced chemical equation, if you want to generate two moles of H2O how many grams of oxygen do you need? 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O
32
Nitrogen-13 has a half-life of 10 minutes. How much of a 128 mg sample would remain after 40 minutes?
32 mg
Hard water contains excessive amounts of ________. A. Two of these are the most appropriate answers. B. calcium ions C. water ions D. magnesium ions E. fluoride ions
A
Uranium-238 decays by emission of an alpha particle. The products of this decay are alpha particle and the element: A. 234/90 Th B. 234/92 U C. 234/88 Ra D. 234/91 Pa
A
Which has the most atoms? A. All of these have the same number of atoms. B. None of these C. a mole of helium D. a mole of gold E. a mole of lead
A
Which is the symbol for a beta particle? A. none of the shown B. hexagon C. 1/0 e D. 1/-1 e
A
Which of the above reactions would proceed the fastest?
A
Which of the following has the greatest mass? A. 1 mole of Pb B. 1 mole of Na C. 1 mole of Be D. 1 mole of H2 E. All have the same mass.
A
Which of the following solutions is the most dilute? A. one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar B. one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar C. one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar D. They all have the same volume. E. one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar
A
Which of the following compounds could never act as an acid?
SO4^-2
Which of the following would be considered a heterogeneous mixture?
Salad Dressing
Which element is a transition metal in period 4?
Sc
If you remove two protons and two electrons from a sulfur atom (S), what new element is formed?
Si
Which of the following statements best describes the usual properties of most compounds besides water?
The density of a material increases when it solidifies.
What is a reduction?
The gain of electrons
How might electrolysis be used to raise the hull of a sunken ship?
The gaseous products of the electrolysis of water could be collected with large bags attached to the hull of the ship. As the bags inflate with the gas they are buoyed upward pulling the ship also upward.
Which of the following statements best describes what is happening in a water softening unit?
The hard ions in water are exchanged for ions that do not interact as strongly with soaps.
How do fission power plants work?
The heat from a nuclear reaction is used to produce steam that drives a turbine.
How are frequency and wavelength related?
The higher the frequency the shorter the wavelength.
Which of the following statements does not describe a property of water?
The hydrogens of a water molecule have a partial negative charge .
Describe what happens to an ice cube and some water at 0°C if you increase the rate of water formation?
The ice cube melts
The following set of redox reactions takes place when iron is dipped into a solution of copper ions. Fe → Fe^2+ + 2e- Cu^2+ + 2e- → Cu Which of the following describes what is happening with the electrons in the solution?
The iron metal is releasing electrons and they are traveling to the copper ions.
The half-life (t1/2) of a radioactive isotope depends on
The isotope
Why might coating a metal with another metal that is harder to oxidize prevent the first metal from being oxidized?
The metal that is coated is protected from moisture and oxygen so it doesn't react.
Which of the following best describes a gas?
The molecules are moving quickly and are widely spaced.
Which of the following describes what happens when you increase the temperature of water?
The molecules start to vibrate and move farther apart.
Why might increasing the temperature alter the rate of a chemical reaction?
The molecules will have a higher kinetic energy and bump into one another harder.
Which of the following determines the chemical reactivity of an element?
The number of valence electrons in an atom of the element
Why is carbon dioxide able to be stored more effectively in ocean water vs. fresh water?
The pH of the ocean is pretty high and so the carbon dioxide is trapped in a neutralization reaction.
For an ice/water mixture at 0°C, which is true?
The rate at which ice melts and freezes are both equal.
What happens when pressure is applied to ice crystals?
The regular arrangement of the ice is disrupted and the ice melts.
How might warmer oceans accelerate global warming?
The solubility of CO2 in water decreases as temperatures rise.
According to the law of conservation of matter, we must have the same number and type of atoms after the chemical change as were present before the chemical change.
True
Alpha emission is the decay of a nucleus by emitting an α (alpha) particle, resulting in a new nucleus that has two fewer protons than the original nucleus.
True
An alpha particle is the same as a helium nucleus.
True
Carbon-14 is particularly useful for radioactive dating.
True
Combustion reactions are redox reactions.
True
Cycloalkane is a cyclic hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms.
True
During gamma emission there is no change in the atomic number or mass number of a radioactive nucleus.
True
Elements in the same column have similar chemical properties.
True
In redox reactions, metals tend to undergo oxidation.
True
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose.
True
Pure water will have a lower boiling point than salt water.
True
The base unit for volume in the metric system is liter (L).
True
The electron cloud contains most of the volume of an atom.
True
The half-life of a specific radioactive isotope remains constant and it is independent of the initial amount of that isotope.
True
Which would you rather have: a decigram or a kilogram of gold?
a kilogram of gold because this is 10,000 times as much as a decigram of gold
Which of the following statements best describes an element?
a material consisting of only one type of atom
Which of the following describes an aqueous solution?
a mixture of some compound dissolved in water
Any measurement of a physical quantity must always include two things: ____________
a numerical value and a proper unit
Cutting back on the pollutants that cause acid rain is one solution to the problem of acidified lakes. Suggest another.
add a neutralizing substance such as limestone
Hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon double bond are known as ________.
alkenes
How do inhibitors work to prevent an enzyme from functioning? A. all of the above B. none of the above C. Inhibitors alter the receptor site. D. Inhibitors bind to an enzyme. E. Inhibitors block the receptor site.
all of the above
Which of the following compounds is an amine? PICTURE ON PHONE
all of the above
Why do changes in pH interfere with the function of proteins? For your answer, consider the acid/base character of many amino acid side chains.
all of the above
Condensation is ________.
always a warming process
What functional groups are found in all amino acids?
amines and carboxylic acids
Given the following specific heats and that each sample had the same mass, which would require the greatest amount of heat energy to increase its temperature 50°C?
ammonia, 4.70 J/(g°C)
Which of the following items would you use to make a basic buffer solution?
ammonium hydroxide (a weak base) and ammonium chloride
The specific heat of a substance is the ________.
amount of heat required to change the temperature of a given mass
What is the functional group that links amino acids together to form proteins?
an amide
Which of the following would be a negative ion with a single charge?
an atom with 11 protons and 12 electrons
Based on the Law of Mass Conservation, Lavoisier hypothesized that ________.
an element is made of a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into anything else
Calcium fluoride, CaF2, is an example of ________.
an ionic compound
What type of chemical reaction is involved in converting a metal salt into pure metal?
an oxidation-reduction reaction
Which of the following is a metalloid?
antimony (atomic no. = 51)
What is a base?
anything that accepts a hydrogen ion
What is an acid?
anything that donates hydrogen ions
In a chemical equation the coefficients ________.
appear before the chemical formulas
Cellulose and starch are similar to each other in that they both
are polymers of glucose
If an element has 18 protons and 20 neutrons and 18 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?
argon -38
How are most metals found in nature?
as ionic compounds
Which of the following is not necessarily shown in a chemically balanced equation?
atomic number
An adhesive force is best described as ________.
attraction between two different molecules
A cohesive force is best described as the ________.
attraction between two liquid molecules
If the following graphs are for the same reaction, which one is most likely the one with an added catalyst? PICTURE ON PHONE
b
Which of the following is not a property of metal?
does not conduct heat well
Which of the following is the correct electron dot structure for carbon (atomic no. = 6)?
e
Based on experimental evidence, John Dalton postulated that ________.
each element consists of indivisible, minute particles called atoms
A substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components is a(n):
element
What are metalloids?
elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals
The "alcohol" of alcoholic beverages is ________.
ethanol
When a radioactive atom emits an alpha particle, the original atom's mass number decreases by _____.
four
Heat is given off by a substance when that substance ________.
freezes
Scientific results must be verified by
further experiment
During combustion, the oxygen atoms of oxygen molecules ________.
gain a negative charge
Which one of the following is most penetrating?
gamma ray
The cell nucleus contains ________.
genetic material
What is the main compound formed in the digestion of carbohydrates?
glucose
As the hydronium ion concentration increases, the pH ________.
goes down
Which of the following units of measurement could be used to describe density?
grams per cubic centimeter
The elements that make the best reducing agents are the ________.
group 1 alkali metals
A compound resulting from the replacement of an H atom of an alkane with a halogen atom is called:
haloalkane
A hydrogen atom does not form more than one covalent bond because it ________.
has only one electron to share
The concept of a chemical bond is ________.
how two or more atoms are held together
Which of the following intermolecular forces best describes why molecules like sucrose (which has many OH groups) are very water soluble?
hydrogen bonding
Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated? A. one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar B. They all have the same volume. C. one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar D. one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar E. one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar
E
If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? 235/92 U A. 143 B. 82 C. None of these D. 235 E. 92
E
Which of the following nuclear equations correctly describes alpha emission? A. 238/92U -> 234/92U +4/2He B. 238/92U -> 242/94Pu + 4/2He C. 238/92U -> 4/2He D. none of these E. 238/92U -> 234/90Th + 4/2He
E
In the balanced redox reaction: 2 Cu(s) + S(s) → Cu2S(s), how many electrons are gained or lost by each copper atom?
Each copper atom loses one (1) electron
Which of the following nuclear equations correctly describes beta emission? A. 234/90Th -> 0/-1e B. 234/90Th -> 235/91Pa + 0/-1e C. None of these D. 234/90Th -> 234/89Ac + 0/-1e E. 234/90Th -> 234/91Pa + 0/-1e
E
Identify the species that is oxidized and the species that is reduced in the reaction: 2 I- + Cl2 → 2 Cl- + I2
I- is oxidized and Cl2 is reduced.
Which of the following would be considered a heterogeneous mixture?
Ice in soda
When water freezes, it expands. What does this say about the density of ice compared with the density of water?
Ice is less dense than water because it has more volume for the same mass.
Which of the following describes the term concentration?
It is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution.
What is the valence shell?
It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.
What is a half-life?
It is the time it takes for 1/2 of the material mass to undergo radioactive decay.
Why does soap decrease the surface tension of water?
It keeps water molecules away from the surface.
How does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction?
It lowers the activation energy.
Which of the following statements does not describe a proton?
It orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
Why is it better to recycle metals than to mine more?
It takes far less energy to recycle.
What is the compound that forms if you react potassium and sulfur?
K2S
Which element is a noble gas?
Kr
How are photovoltaic cells different from many other forms of solar energy?
Light is converted directly to electricity.
What is the main structural feature that distinguishes lipids from other biomolecules?
Lipids contain a large number of nonpolar, hydrophobic functional groups.
How would you describe the volume of the following object?the amount of water in a swimming pool
Macroscopic
Which of the following nuclear equations correctly describes beta emission? A. 238/92U -> 4/2He B. 238/92U -> 234/92U + 4/2He C. None of these D. 238/92U -> 234/90Th +4/2He
None of these
The overall rate at which humans are producing carbon dioxide is ________.
increasing
Tertiary protein structure is determined by ________.
intermolecular attractions
What does the following element description actually mean? iron-57
iron with a mass number of 57
When employing a new technology, zero risk ________.
is impossible
Starch is a polysaccharide that ________.
is made by plants to store energy
Technology ___________ .
is the application of science.
Which of the following statements describes what happens when a given mass of a liquid starts to expand?
its density decreases
The compound below is a(n) PICTURE ON PHONE
ketone
Which of the following best describes a two-molar sucrose solution?
one liter of solution that contains 2 moles of sucrose
There are ________ different types of biomolecules we use for living.
only about 4
Water has a high specific heat because of its ________.
polarity
The hydronium ion, H3O+, is a ________.
polyatomic ion
The hydroxide ion, HO-, is a ________.
polyatomic ion
Proteins are ________ that have some biological function in living systems.
polypeptides
Which of the following describes a nonmetal?
poor conductor of electricity
The main role of DNA is to provide instructions on how to build ________.
proteins
The common name for ketones gives the common name of the alkyl groups on the two sides of a carbonyl carbon: alkyl alkyl ketone. If both groups are the same (symmetric ketone) then the prefix di- (as dialkyl) is used.
true
The number of nonbonding pairs in the water molecule is ________.
two
Seven grams of nitrogen, N2, (N, atomic mass 14 amu) contains ________.
0.5 moles of nitrogen atoms
What is the main characteristic of a strong acid?
It is completely dissociated in water.
What is the main characteristic of a strong base?
It is completely dissociated in water.
A single carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atom and also two hydrogen atoms. How many bonds are formed between the each carbon atoms?
1
In the chemical reaction H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O, the coefficient of sodium sulfate is _____.
1
Complete the following equation: 235/92U -> 4/2He +_______ A. 231/90 Th B. 222/86 Rn C. 230/91 Pa D. 210/84 Po E. 235/93 Np
A
Complete the following nuclear equation: 210/83Bi -> 206/81 TI + ?? A. 4/2He B. gamma ray C. 0/-1 e D. none of these E. both A and c
A
Given that the above energy profiles have the same scale, which of the reactions is the most exothermic? PICTURE ON PHONE
A
Which of the following contains the least heat energy?
1 gram of ice at 0°C
Fourteen grams of nitrogen (atomic mass 14 amu) contains ________.
1 mole of nitrogen atoms
If the pH of a solution is 10, what is the hydronium ion concentration?
1 × 10^-10 M
Balance the following chemical equation. ____ N2 + ____ H2 → ____ NH3
1, 3, 2
A major source of chlorine gas, Cl2, is from the electrolysis of brine, which is concentrated salt water, NaCl (aq). Which of the following is the balanced chemical reaction for this electrolysis reaction?
2 NaCl (aq) + 2 H2O 2 NaOH (aq) + Cl2 (g) + 2 H2 (g)
How many electrons are gained or lost in the following half-reaction? Cl2 → 2 Cl-
2 electrons are gained
How many electrons are gained or lost in the following half-reaction? 2 Na 2 Na+
2 electrons are lost
How many electrons are gained or lost in the following half-reaction? Zn -> Zn2+
2 electrons are lost
The gap between two brain cells is 2.0 × 10-3 nm. How many meters is this?
2.0 × 10^-12 m
Water is most dense at ________.
+4°C
Which of the following reaction energies is the least exothermic (but still an exothermic reaction)?
-125 kJ/mole
If the heat of melting of a sample is 135 J/g, what would the heat of freezing for the sample be?
-135 J/g
Which of the following temperatures is not possible?
-200 K
Which of the following could NOT be the temperature of a solid?
-2K
How many meters is 15.5 millimeters?
0.0155 m
It took 20.8 y for 44.0 g of a radioactive isotope to decay to 11.0 g. What is the half-life of this isotope?
10.4y
A giga byte is equal to _____ bytes.
10^9
The isotope Cesium-137, which has a half-life of 30 years, is a product of nuclear power plants. How long will it take for this isotope to decay to about one-sixteenth its original amount?
120 Years
How long does it take for 56.00 g of ^260 Sg to decay to 7.00 g if its half-life is 4 ms?
12ms
What coefficient is needed in front of the O2 molecule to balance the following equation? 2 C4H10(g) + ______ O2 (g) -> 8CO2 (g) + 10H2O (1)
13
How many neutrons are there in the nucleus of 235/92U ?
143
How many protons are in the isotope with the symbol Cl ?
17
Phosphorous-32 is used for organ imaging. How many neutrons are present in this radioisotope?
17
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. A sample is found to have one-eighth the original amount of carbon-14 in it. About how old is the sample?
17,190 years
An atom of the isotope chlorine-37 consists of how many protons, neutrons, and electrons? (p = proton, n = neutron, e = electron)
17p, 20n, 17e
What is the formula mass (also called molecular weight) of C6H12O6?
180 amu
What would the concentration of [OH- ] be if the concentration of [H3O+] was 1 × 10-8M? [H3O+]× [OH-] = Kw = 1 × 10^-14
1X10^-6M
What would the concentration of OH- be if the concentration of H3O+ was 1 × 10^-5M? [H3O+]× [OH-] = Kw = 1 × 10^-14
1X10^-9
What would the concentration of [OH- ] be if the concentration of [H3O+ ] was 1 × 10^-5M? [H3O+] × [OH-] = Kw = 1 × 10^-14
1X10^-9
How many chloride ions (Cl^1-) are needed to balance the positive charge of a barium ion (Ba^2+)?
2
How many oxide ions (O2-) are needed to balance the positive charge of a titanium ion (Ti4+)?
2
The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. What is the volume of a 50.00 g gold ingot?
2.59cm^3
If you need 10. moles of sucrose, how many liters of a 4.0 molar solution would you need?
2.5L
How many grams of sugar (sucrose) are there in 5.0 liters of sugar water that has a concentration of 0.50 grams per liter of solution?
2.5g
A piece of aluminum weighing 10.0 grams is placed into a graduated cylinder that has an initial volume (before immersion) of 35.0 mL. After immersion, the volume on the cylinder reads 38.7 mL. What is the density of the metal sample?
2.70 g/mL
If the solubility of a compound is 30 grams per liter, how much solid is left undissolved if you mix 30 g of the compound in 0.33 L of solution?
20 g
A solid has a solubility at room temperature of 78 grams per liter. If 1.0 L of a heated solution containing 100. g of solute is cooled to room temperature, how much solid is formed?
22g
What is the number of grams of CO2 produced if you combust 0.50 mole of CH4 according to the following balanced equation? CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
22g
Which of the following represents the largest quantity of mass?
24 kilograms
Which of the following is an endothermic reaction?
2SnCl2 + 33 kcal Sn + SnCl4
102,000 mL represent ___ significant figures
3
How many different elements are in the compound C6H12O6?
3
How many moles of H2 bonds are broken if you react nitrogen with hydrogen according to the following reaction? N2 + 3H2 2 NH3
3
How many valence electrons does gallium (Ga, atomic no. = 31) have?
3
Measurement of 0.0101 g represents ____ significant figures.
3
Which of the following compounds is likely to have the best water solubility? 1. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 2. All of these are water soluble. 3. CH3CH2OH 4. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH 5. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
3
Give a correct name for the following compound: PICTURE ON PHONE
3,4-dinitrohexane
Which number contains four significant figures?
3.978
In the reaction below, how many molecules of CO2 can be made from 30 molecules of oxygen? C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2
30
If one meter is equal to 39.4 inches, how many centimeters are in one foot?
30.4cm?
If one meter is equal to 39.4 inches, how many centimeters are in one foot?
30.5cm
If an element has 15 protons and 16 neutrons and 15 electrons, what is the atomic mass of the element?
31
Upon combustion, about how many grams of water vapor are produced from every 16 grams of methane, CH4?CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O
36 grams
If the solubility of a compound is 72 grams per liter at a given temperature, how many grams of the compound will dissolve in 0.50 liters at the same temperature?
36g
What is the mass number of the isotope with the symbol Cl-37 ?
37
How many electrons are gained or lost in the following half-reaction? C C4-
4 electrons are gained
How many neutrons are given off during the following reaction? PICTURE ON PHONE
5
How many oxygen molecules are needed to make 10 carbon dioxide molecules according to the following balanced chemical equation? 2 CO + O2 2 CO2
5
How many oxygen molecules are needed to make 10 carbon dioxide molecules according to the following balanced chemical equation? 2 CO + O2 → 2 CO2
5
Which of the following is not a measurement of volume?
5.5 milligrams
If the relative mass of a hydrogen atom is 1/4 that of a helium atom, how many helium atoms would you need to equal the mass of 200 hydrogen atoms?
50
Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 hours. How much of a 20 mg sample would remain after two half-lives?
5mg
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third (n=3) energy level (energy shell) ?
8
How many significant figures does this measurement of 2,200,718.00 g have?
9
Which of the following statements about strong or weak acids is true?
A weak acid will react with any base (weak or strong).
Which of the following statements about strong and weak bases is not true?
A weak base will not react with a strong acid.
Arrange the following images of an aqueous base solution in order of increasing base strength: PICTURE ON PHONE
A, B, C
For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H2PO4- + H3O+
Acid
What is the source of acid rain?
Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. They mix with the atmosphere water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.
Which loses its outermost electrons more easily: aluminum (Al), or chlorine (Cl) ?
Al
A strong acid tends ________. A. to form negatively charged ions when dissolved in water B. to be strongly polar C. to form positively charged ions when dissolved in water D. all answers are correct.
All answers are correct
Which of the following has the greatest number of particles? A. 22.990 g of Na B. 1 mole of Be C. 1 mole of Na D. 9.012 g of Be E. All are the same.
All are the same
Which of the following has the greatest number of particles? A. 22.990 g of Na B. All are the same. C. 9.012 g of Be D. 1 mole of Na E. 1 mole of Be
All are the same
Ammonia, NH3, is more polar than is borane, BH3 because it ________. A. its hydrogens are not exactly opposite one another B. is less symmetrical than borane C. has a lone pair of electrons D. all of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is not a saccharide? carbohydrates starch cellulose glycogen All of the above are saccharides.
All of the above
Which of the following statements is true about metabolism? A. none of the above B. Metabolism involves the rate of cellular respiration. C. all of the above D. Metabolism involves the destruction of biomolecules and the production of energy. E. Metabolism involves the use of energy to make new biomolecules.
All of the above
Which statement best describes what is happening at the surface of liquid water? A. all of the above B. The gas molecules exchange with the liquid molecules. C. At the surface there is a constant exchange of liquid and gaseous water. D. Slow moving gas molecules are captured by the liquid water. E. Fast moving water molecules leave the surface and become gas molecules.
All of the above
Why is it important to conserve fresh water? A. all of the above B. There is little fresh water available to us on our planet. C. It is expensive to purify nonpotable water. D. As the human population grows, so does our need for fresh water.
All of the above
Which of the following material phases cannot form a solution? A. solids B. All of the above can form solutions. C. gases D. liquids E. None of the above can form solutions.
All of the above can form solutions
Which of the following is the largest quantity of mass? A. 100 kg B. 100,000 g C. All of the masses are the same. D. 100,000,000 mg
All of the masses are the same
Some important steps in scientific inquiry include ________. A. state a broad question, document expectations, make observations B. learn what is known, communicate with others, perform experiments C. All of these D. confirm results, narrow focus, reflect on findings
All of these
Which of the following is a property of light? A. It has a wave characteristic. B. None of these. C. All of these. D. It has a particle characteristic. E. Its energy comes in packets of uniform size (quantums).
All of these
Which of the following is not a heteroatom? A. P B. O C. N D. O and N E. All of these are heteroatoms.
All of these
Which of the following substances is pure? A. None of these B. an element C. an ionic compound consisting of sodium and chlorine ions D. a covalent compound consisting of one type of molecule E. All of these
All of these
Which statement best describes what is happening at the surface of liquid water? A. At the surface there is a constant exchange of liquid and gaseous water. B. Fast moving water molecules leave the surface and become gas molecules. C. Slow moving gas molecules are captured by the liquid water. D. All of these E. The gas molecules exchange with the liquid molecules.
All of these
Which of the following material phases cannot form a solution? A. solids B. gases C. None of these can form solutions. D. All of these can form solutions. E. liquids
All of these can form solutions
Which has the most atoms? A. All of these have the same number of atoms. B. a mole of lead C. a mole of gold D. a mole of helium E. None of these
All of these have the same number of atoms
Which type of radiation has the largest mass?
An alpha particle
The following statement describes which subatomic particle(s) best?It is electrically charged.
An electron and a proton
Which of the following best explains what is happening when an atom emits light?
An electron is dropping from a higher to a lower energy level with the difference in energy between the two being emitted as light energy.
Which element is an alkaline earth metal?
Ba
Which of the following atoms is the largest?
Ba
Which atom is smallest?
Be
Why is the anode of a battery indicated with negative (-) sign?
Because that is where electrons are being generated.
Which of the following atoms is the smallest?
Br
Complete the following nuclear equation: A. gamma ray B. both C and E C. 0/-1 e D. none of these E. 4/2 He
C
Complete the following nuclear equation: ?? -> 218/85 At + 0/-1 e A. 222/85 At B. 226/88 Ra C. 218/84 Po D. 222/86 Rn E. None of these
C
The image below shows a beam of radiation passing between two electrically charged plates. Which of the beams is due to alpha particles? PICTURE ON PHONE
C
Which of the above has the most energy?
C
Which of the above molecules is an aldehyde? PICTURE ON PHONE
C
Which of the above reactions would proceed the fastest?
C
Which formula represents an organic compound?
C4H10
What would the formula be for the following stick model?
C6H12
Which of the following can be broken down into simpler substances?
CO
Which of the following molecules has a molecular shape that is linear?
CO2
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a +2 charge?
Ca
Which of the following compounds would be ionic?
CaCl2
What would be the best explanation for the fact that most natural water has a pH of about 5.6?
Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form an acid.
Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form ________.
Carbonic acid
Why are children more susceptible to vitamin deficiencies than adults?
Children have not built up a vitamin reserve in their fat stores.
For the following balanced reaction, which of the following is a gas? 2 Na(l) + Cl2(g) 2 NaCl(s)
Cl2
The general formula of alkanes is:
CnH2n+2.
If the rate at which we produce CO2 were to stop rising, the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere would ________.
Continue to rise
Which shows atoms in order of increasing electronegativity.
Cs, Y, Ga, P, O, F
Which of the half-reactions below would be complementary and balance the following half-reaction? Zn+2 Zn
Cu -> Cu2+
_____ are compounds in which the atoms are joined in a ring.
Cycloalkanes
Given that the above energy profiles have the same scale, which of the reactions would require the most activation energy? PICTURE ON PHONE
D
If all of the capillaries pictured above were the same size diameter, which would contain the liquid with the greatest capillary action?
D
Which of the above molecules is a carboxylic acid? PICTURE ON PHONE
D
Which of the above would best describe how soap behaves in water?
D
Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated? A. 0.5 L of a 1 molar solution B. 2.0 L of a 2 molar solution C. 2.0 L of a 1 molar solution D. 0.5 L of a 3 molar solution E. 3.0 L of a 0.5 molar solution
D
Which of the following statements about electrons is true? A. Electrons in atoms can be excited by energy. B. Electrons have a negative charge. C. Electrons also behave like waves. D. All of these E. Electrons are particles.
D
In the following buffer system, what happens to the concentration of the highlighted molecule if you add base (OH-)? HF + NaF + H2O ~ F^- + H3O^+ + Na^+
Decreases
Which of the following would be considered a physical property?
Density
The separation of charges within a polar molecule is called a(n) ________.
Dipole
Radioactivity is a tendency for an element or a material to ________.
Emit radiation (radioactivity)
The law of conservation of energy states that
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Which element has the atomic number 9?
F
Which of the following has the greatest number of nonbonding pairs of electrons?
F
1.5 × 10^8 is the scientific notation of 15,000,000.
False
A column in the periodic table is called a period.
False
A gamma ray has twice the mass of an alpha particle.
False
An idea is an example of matter.
False
Fission is a nuclear process in which small nuclei are combined into larger nuclei, releasing energy.
False
Isotopes are atoms of the same element having a different number of protons.
False
The equation CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + H2O is balanced.
False
What is the primary difference between a fuel cell and a battery?
Fuel cells do not run down because they can be refueled; batteries run down and need to be recharged.
Which of the following statements is true about gamma rays?
Gamma rays themselves do not carry an overall electrical charge.
Which of the following instruments is used to detect radioactivity?
Geiger Counter
Elements that are in the same ________ have a tendency to have very similar chemical properties due to periodic trends.
Group (family)
Which of the following molecules contains a polar covalent bond?
H-F
Which of the following molecules would contain a dipole?
H-F
What is a hydrocarbon?
It is a molecule composed of carbon and hydrogen only.
In one type of fuel cell the following oxidation-reduction reactions are taking place: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O What is the fuel ?
H2
Which of the following compounds has polar covalent bonds?
H2O
Which of the following molecules has two pairs of nonbonding electrons on the central atom?
H2O and H2S
According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as a base? H3O^+ + HSO4^- -> H2O + H2SO4
HSO4
Name the structure: PICTURE ON PHONE
Hexane
A chemical change involves a change in ________.
How atoms are bonded
What is the leading cause of surface tension in water?
Hydrogen bonding
Which of the following is not a function of fat within the body?
It acts as a source of glucose.
What is an exothermic reaction?
It is a chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat.
Which element has the atomic number 12?
Mg
Which of the following elements has two valence electrons?
Mg
Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a +2 charge?
Mg
Which of the following molecules contains an ionic bond?
MgCl2
Why does water have a high specific heat?
Much of the added energy is required to break hydrogen bonds.
To impart a hickory flavor to a roasted turkey, a cook places a pot of water containing hickory chips in an oven with the turkey. Why does the turkey take longer than expected to cook?
Much of the heat from the oven is consumed in changing the phase of the water.
According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as a base? H2O + NH3 -> OH^- + NH4^+
NH3
Which of the following materials is most likely to act as a reducing agent?
Na
Which of the following materials is most likely to undergo oxidation?
Na
For the following acid-base reaction, identify which salt is formed. HCl + NaOH ⇌ ???? + H2O
NaCl
Which element is a noble gas?
Ne
Isotopes of the same element have a different number of ________.
Neutrons
What are the two half reactions that show how many electrons are gained or lost by each species in the reaction: Ni2+(aq) + Mg(s) → Ni(s) + Mg2+(aq)?
Ni2+(aq) + 2 e- → Ni(s) and Mg(s) → Mg2+(aq) + 2 e-
In a solution of 77 percent nitrogen and 23 percent oxygen, which is the solvent?
Nitrogen
Iron is useful for reducing copper ions to copper metal. Might it also be used to reduce sodium ions to sodium metal?
No, because sodium ions are too difficult to reduce.
What would the concentration of [H3O+ ] be if the concentration of [OH- ]was 1 × 10^-1M? [H3O+] × [OH-] = Kw = 1 × 10^-14 A. 1 × 10^-3 B. 1 × 10^13 C. 1 × 10^-2 D. 1 × 10^-4 E. none of the above
None of the above
Which of the following is a saturated molecule?
None of these
Which of the following is an ion? A. HCl B. 2 H2 C. Br2 D. None of these E. Au + 3 Br2
None of these
Which of the following is an ion? A. F2 B. Br2 C. None of these D. HCl E. Au + 3 Br2
None of these
If you keep a mixture of water and ice at 0°C what will happen?
Nothing, the ice and water will stay the same.
In the balanced redox reaction: 2 C2H6(g) + 7 O2(g) → 4 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g), which species is reduced?
O2(g)
Which molecule is most polar?
O=C=S
According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as a base? OH- + NH4+ → H2O + NH3
OH-
What is the main difference between a covalent and an ionic bond?
One is the sharing of a pair of electrons, the other is the transfer of at least one electron.
Which of the following boxes represents a compound?
Only C
List the following atoms in order of increasing atomic size: Thallium, Tl; Germanium, Ge; Tin, Sn; Phosphorus, P.
P < Ge < Sn < Tl
What is the symbol for the isotope with atomic mass = 31 amu and atomic number = 15?
P-31
Which of the following is a correctly balanced equation?
P4 + 6 H2 → 4 PH3
Which of the following items would you use to make an acidic buffer solution?
acetic acid (a weak acid) and sodium acetate
Which of the following molecules should have the same molecular shape and approximate bond angles as ammonia, NH3?
PH3
Which of the following is the correct electron dot structure for chlorine (atomic no. = 17)?
Picture is correct answer
Which of the following elements is radioactive?
Plutonium
What is the main difference between a soap and a detergent?
Soaps are made from fatty acids, detergents are synthetic.
How does a solute such as salt or sugar affect the melting and freezing of water?
Solutes slow the rate of ice formation.
Which of the following is not a form of electromagnetic radiation?
Sound Waves
In a solution made from one teaspoon of sugar and one liter of water, which is the solute?
Sugar
Which of the following provides the minimum amount of protection you need to block the alpha radiation?
Suntan lotion
An acid and a base react to form a salt, which consists of positive and negative ions. Which forms the positive ions: the acid or the base? Which forms the negative ions?
The acid forms the negative ion, the base forms the positive ion.
Which of the following statements about fission is true?
The amount of energy released in the fission of large nuclei is very large.
If an atom has 104 electrons, 157 neutrons, and 104 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass?
The approximate atomic mass is 261 amu.
What do the brackets in the following equation represent? [H3O+] × [OH-] = Kw
The brackets mean the molarity of the compound inside them.
What do the brackets in the following equation represent? [H3O+]× [OH-] = Kw
The brackets mean the molarity of the compound inside them.
Why do water heaters lose their efficiency quicker in households with hard water?
The calcium carbonate on the inner surface of the hot water tank builds up to the point that it insulates the water from the heating element.
Which of the following does not describe volume?
The weight of a given object
Dalton explained the Law of Conservation of mass by stating that atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Dalton's explanation is an example of a scientific
Theory
What do all fats have in common?
They are all formed from glycerol.
Which of the following statements describes most monosaccharides?
They are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with each carbon bound to at least one oxygen.
How are carbohydrates usually produced in nature?
They are made by the process of photosynthesis.
Alpha and beta rays are deflected in opposite directions in a magnetic field because ________.
They have opposite charges
Which of the following statements is true about beta particles?
When a radioactive atom emits a beta particle, the overall mass number stays the same.
Why might increasing the concentration of a set of reactants increase the rate of reaction?
You have increased the chances that any two reactant molecules will collide and react.
In a battery, the following two oxidation-reduction reactions are taking place: rxn A: Zn + 2OH^- -> ZnO + H2O + 2e^- rxn B: 2MnO2 + H2O + 2e^- -> Mn2O3 + 2 OH ^- What is undergoing oxidation?
Zn
Which of the following statements describes a neutral solution?
[H3O+]/[OH-] = 1
Which of the following statements describes a basic solution?
[H3O+]< [OH-]
Which of the following statements describes an acidic solution?
[H3O+]> [OH-]
Which of the following has the largest density?
a 10-g object with a volume of 1 mL
Which of the following molecules is an alcohol? PICTURE ON PHONE
a and c
Which of the above molecules is an alcohol? PICTURE ON PHONE
a and d
Fatty acid molecules can also align to form a bilipid layer that extends in 3-dimensions. Shown below is a cross section of this structure. What is this structure called? (Hint: It forms the basis of all life.) PICTURE ON PHONE
a cell
Which of the following is the strongest form of interatomic attraction?
a chemical bond
Electrolysis is an example of ________.
a chemical change
What is a molecule?
a group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds
Which of the following statements describes branched hydrocarbons?
a hydrocarbon where carbon has a single bond to more than two other carbons
The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is a nucleon.
a proton and a neutron
If three samples have the half-lives listed below, which is the most radioactive?
a sample with a half-life of 20 minutes
Which of the following statements best describes a relatively polar covalent bond?
a very electronegative atom and a weakly electronegative atom are covalently bound
Vinegar is a solution of ________ in water.
acetic acid
Why are carbohydrates called carbohydrates?
because they are made from carbon and water
A battery operates by ________.
both oxidation and reduction
A soap molecule is ________.
both polar and nonpolar
What determines the chemical and physical properties of hydrocarbons?
both; the way the atoms are connected together and the number of carbon and hydrogens.
Which of the following can be considered an exothermic process?
burning piece of paper
Which of the above has the highest frequency?
c
Which of the following is an aromatic molecule?
c
Which of the following molecules is polar? PICTURE ON PHONE
c
The functional group of the organic acids is the
carboxyl group.
Some reactions are more sluggish than others. To speed up these reactions and save energy a(n) ________ is sometimes added.
catalyst
What is transmutation?
changing one element into another by adding or removing protons from the nucleus
Which of the following describes the reason for the following application of metals? long wires acting to carry power
conduct electricity and are strong but can be bent
Given the following energy profiles, which of the following reactions is endothermic? R= reactants P= products PICTURE ON PHONE
d
Of the four types of biomolecules, which does not form a polymer?
lipids
The ancient Greeks believed that matter was composed of four basic elements. Which one of the following was NOT one of the four?
mercury
Which compound is a constitutional isomer of the one shown below? PICTURE ON PHONE
none of these compounds
What is the first step in the scientific process?
observe a natural phenomenon
Any conversion factor is equal to ________.
one
How many valence electrons are there in the valence shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)?
one
The number of nonbonding pairs in the ammonia molecule is ________.
one
Which of the following best describes ionic bonding?
one atom giving up some of its electrons to another atom
If the oceans became acidic, they would start to ________.
release more CO2, which would raise the pH
In a battery, the following two oxidation-reduction reactions are taking place: rxn A: Zn-> Zn^2+ + 2e^- rxn B: 2NH4^+ + 2e^- -> 2 NH3 + H2 Which reaction is taking place at the anode?
rxn A
In a battery, the following two oxidation-reduction reactions are taking place: rxn A: Zn-> Zn^2+ + 2e^- rxn B: 2NH4^+ + 2e^- -> 2 NH3 + H2 Which reaction is taking place at the cathode?
rxn B
The coiling of a chain of amino acids describes a proteins ________.
secondary structure
Given the following specific heats and that each sample had the same mass, which of the following materials would cool the fastest?
silver, 0.24 J/(g°C)
A refrigerator delays the spoilage of food by ________.
slowing down the rate of chemical reactions within microorganisms
What is the name of the following compound? NaF
sodium fluoride
A gemstone is an example of a ________.
solid solution
A buffer solution can neutralize ________.
strong acids and bases
A material with a high specific heat ________.
takes a lot of energy to change its temperature
Surface tension is the ________.
tendency for molecules at the surface of a liquid to hold together
The general outcome of anabolism is ________.
the building of biomolecules
Organic synthesis is ________.
the building of organic molecules
The ray of light within a neon sign bends when a magnet is held up to it because ________.
the light arises from the flow of electron within the tube
What is oxidation?
the loss of electrons
What is the activation energy?
the minimum amount of energy to break the bonds in reactants
What is molarity?
the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
The mass number of an element is ________.
the sum of the protons and the neutrons
Lipids are insoluble in water because ________.
they contain no polar functional groups
What is the purpose of a salt-bridge?
to allow ions to migrate between solutions
What is the purpose of treating water with chlorine gas or ozone during water purification?
to kill bacteria
Why do scientists run control experiments and repeat their tests several times?
to minimize the number of conclusions and limit potential flaws in the experiment
Besides genetic information, what is the main role of DNA?
to provide instructions on how to build other biomolecules
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
to speed up biochemical reactions
How is the solubility of a solid affected by temperature? A. As temperature goes down, the solubility goes up. B. Two answers are correct C. As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down. D. As temperature goes up, the solubility goes down. E. As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up.
two answers are correct
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
water boiling and being converted into steam
What is a chemical reaction?
when one or more new compounds are formed by rearranging atoms
At what point will a buffer solution cease to moderate changes in pH?
when the acting buffering component is all neutralized
How many covalent bonds would the following generic atom usually form?
would usually not form any covalent bonds
The recommended dietary allowance for calcium for teenage children is 1,300 mg per day. If a typical 8.0-fl oz glass of reduced-fat milk contains 298 mg of calcium, how many fluid ounces of milk does a teenager need to drink to get the entire recommended amount of calcium from this milk?
35 fl oz
How many atoms of Oxygen (O) are in HClO4?
4
The estimated average daily requirement of folic acid for pregnant females is 520 micrograms. Which answer accurately expresses this value?
520 μg
How many atoms are in one molecule of Na2SO4?
7
What is your weight in kilograms if you weigh 155 pounds? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs)
70.5kg
What is the mass in grams of 85.32 mL of blood plasma with a density of 1.03 g/mL? Round your answer to the proper number of significant figures.
87.9g
Using the above images illustrating identical volumes of different materials, which has the highest density? PICTURE ON PHONE
A
How would you classify the following material?swimming pool water
A homogenous mixture
Which would have the most kinetic energy? The same mass of ________.
A hot gas
If someone is able to explain an idea to you using small familiar words, what does this say about how well that person understands the idea?
A person who completely understands an idea is capable of explaining it using language that is familiar to both of you.
The following image describes which type of change?
A physical change
Distinguish between a scientific hypothesis and a theory.
A scientific hypothesis is a testable assumption, while a theory is a well-verified idea used to explain a broad range of phenomena.
Which of the following is a mixture?
Air
Dmitri Mendeleev ________. A. helped in the discovery of missing elements by predicting their behavior B. All of these C. predicted the existence of elements not yet discovered D. developed the basis of our modern periodic table
All of these
Which of the following elements are in the same group as silicon (Si)?
C
Since mass is usually expressed in grams and volume in mL or cc (1 mL = 1 cm3 = 1 cc), density is often expressed in g/mL. We can calculate density using the formula:
Density = Mass/Volume
With increasing temperature the density of air ________.
Depends also on pressure
A scientific law _________ natural phenomenon and a theory ___________ natural phenomenon.
Describes, explains
What type of phase change does the following figure best describe? PICTURE ON PHONE
Evaporation
Which of the scientific activities is likely to be most time consuming?
Experimentation is the most time consuming of the various scientific activities.
8 mL is larger than 8 dL.
False
The measurement 10.3 cm has more significant figures than the measurement 10.3 m.
False
Any technology ________.
Has some risks
What determines the direction of heat flow?
Heat always flows from a higher-temperature substance into a lower-temperature substance.
Which of the following would not be considered matter?
Idea
If the density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL and the density of lead is 11.3 g/mL, which has the larger volume: 1 g of mercury or 1 g of lead?
Lead
What type of phase change does the following figure best describe?
Melting
Give the correct symbol for the element: Manganese
Mn
Which statement is most accurate? A. The goal of technology is the development of new science. B. Science focuses on the development of new technology. C. New technologies arise from scientific discoveries. D. Technology and science are basically the same .
New technologies arise from scientific discoveries.
The diameter of a lead pipe is measured to be 2.40 cm and you are asked to convert to units of inches. Which of the following conversion factors can you use to solve this problem? A. None of these B. 100 cm = 1 m C. 3 ft = 1 yd D. 12 in = 1 ft E. two of these
None of these
Heat Is a measure of ________.
Temperature
Which has stronger attractions among its submicroscopic particles: a solid at 25°C or a gas at the same temperature?
The attractions among the submicroscopic particles of the solid must be stronger than the attractions among the particles of the gas.
In which are the molecules moving faster: a swimming pool of boiling water or a cup of boiling water?
The average motion of the molecules in each is the same.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together.
What do all conversion factors have in common?
They are all equal 1, because the value of the numerator is always equal to the value of the denominator.
The chemical symbol for manganese is 'Mn.'
True
The density of a substance has units of g/mL.
True
When did modern science begin?
When people first became skeptical of their observations and explanations.
Which of the following has the largest density? A. a 10-g object with a volume of 10 mL B. a 1-g object with a volume of 10 mL C. a 200-g object with a volume of 200 mL D. a 10-g object with a volume of 1 mL E. All of the densities are the same.
a 10-g object with a volume of 1 mL
Which of the following best describes a theory?
a comprehensive idea that has been extensively tested
Which of the following best describes a liquid?
a constant volume but its shape is not defined
Is chemistry the study of the submicroscopic, the microscopic, or the macroscopic, or all three? A. Microscopic because it pertains to the formation of crystals. B. Submicroscopic because it deals with atoms and molecules, which can't be seen with a microscope. C. All of these because most everything is made of atoms and molecules. D. Macroscopic because it deals with powders, liquids, and gases that fill beakers and flasks.
All of these because most everything is made of atoms and molecules.
Why is reproducibility such a vital component of science?
An experiment can only be considered valid if other scientists can reproduce the results.
Why do aerosol cans explode if heated?
An increase in temperature will increase the pressure inside the aerosol can. When the pressure inside the can exceeds the pressure limit of the can, it explodes.
Which of the following would be considered a chemical property?
reactivity towards water
Which of these is not a metal?
selenium (atomic no. = 34)
What is the name of the following compound?SF3
sulfur trifluoride
It is true that ________.
technology needs to be used responsibly by people and societies as a whole
A scientific hypothesis is a(n) ________.
testable assumption used to explain an observation
A scientific hypothesis is a ______________ .
testable explanation
When a liquid evaporates, the vapor expands because ________.
the gas particles have more kinetic energy than the liquid particles
An example of basic research is ________.
the study of the composition of the atom
The diagram on the far left shows the moving particles of a gaseous material within a rigid container. Which of the three boxes on the right best represents this material upon the addition of heat? PICTURE ON PHONE
box B because it shows the gas particles moving faster
When blue food coloring is dissolved in water, the result is a ________.
homogeneous mixture called a solution
How would you describe the size of the following object? a blood cell
microscopic
The atomic symbol for cobalt is ________.
Co
Which of the following elements are in the same period as magnesium (Mg)?
Cl
Which of the following is the least amount of energy? A. 1.0 Calorie B. 1.0 kilojoule C. 1.0 calorie D. 1.0 kilocalorie E. 1.0 joules
1.0 joules
Compared to microtechnology, nanotechnology focuses on a scale that is about ________.
1000 times smaller
If a piece of rock that has a volume of 0.73 L and a mass of 1524 g, what is the density of the rock in g/mL?
2.1 g/mL
What is the name of the following compound?CO2
Carbon dioxide
A chemical reaction is synonymous to a ________.
Chemical change
Which science is primarily concerned with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes?
Chemistry
Which element is a nonmetal?
Chlorine
According to John Dalton, atoms of a given element ________.
are similar
Chemistry is the study of ________.
both matter and transformations of matter
What is the name of the following compound? CaCl2
calcium chloride
Which of these properties describes a metal?
conducts heat very well