Chemistry Final Study Guide
The electron configuation of the valence electrons of an atom in its ground state is ns²np³. This atom is a group ____ element.
15
Elements in group ____ have a np⁵ electron configuration in the outer shell.
17
When electrons are removed from a lithium atom they are removed first from which orbital?
4p⁶
The largest principal quantum number in the ground state electron configuration of francium is ___.
7
A weak electrolyte exists predominantly as ___ in solution. A) molecules B) electrons C) an isotope D) atoms E) ions
A
Based on the octet rule, phosphorus most likely forms a _____ ion. A) P³⁻ B) P⁺ C) P⁵⁻ D) P³⁺ E) P⁵⁺
A
Elements from opposite sides of the periodic table tend to form ____. A) ionic compounds B) compounds that are gaseous at room temperature C) covalent compounds that are gaseous at room temperature D) covalent compounds that are gaseous at room temperature E) homonuclear diatomic compounds
A
Elements in Group 1A are known as the ___. A) alkali metals B) noble gases C) chalcogens D) halogens E) alkaline earth metals
A
Elements in Group 8A are known as the ___. A) noble gases B) alkali metals C) alkaline earth metals D) halogens E) chalcogens
A
In which of the following atoms is the 3s orbital closest to the nucleus? A) Br B) Ga C) Ge D) As E) Se
A
Oxidation cannot occur without ___. A) reduction B) acid C) air D) oxygen E) water
A
The largest principal quantum number in the ground state electron configuration of cobalt is ____. A) 4 B) 7 C) 9 D) 3 E) 2
A
Which one of the following compounds is insoluble in water? A) ZnS B) AgNO₃ C)Na₂CO₃ D) Fe(NO₃)₂ E) KSO
A
Which set of three quantum numbers (n,l,ml) corresponds to a 3p orbital? A) 3,1,0 B) 3,0,1 C) 3,3,1 D) 3,0,0 E) 3,2,0
A
_____ have the lowest FIRST ionization energies of the group listed. A) Alkali metals B) Transition elements C) Noble gases D) Halogens E) Alkaline earth metals
A
A double bond consists of ____ pairs of electrons shared between two atoms. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6
B
A neutralization reaction between an acid and metal hydroxide produces ___. A) ammonia B) water and a salt C) hydrogen gas D) oxygen gas E) sodium hydroxide
B
A tin atom has 50 electrons. Electrons in the ____ subshell experience the lowest effective nuclear charge. A) 1s B) 5p C) 5s D) 3p E) 3d
B
An element that appears in the lower left corner of the periodic table is ____. A) either a metal or metalloid B) definitely a metal C) either a metalloid or a non-metal D) definitely a metalloid E) definitely a non-metal
B
Atomic radius generally increases as we move ____. A) down a group and from left to right across a period B) down a group and from right to left across a period C) up a group and from right to left across a period D) down a group; the period position has no effect E) up a group and from left to right across a period
B
Based on the equations below, which metal is the most active? Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) + Ni (s) Ni(NO₃)₂ (aq) + Pb (s) Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) + Ag (s) No reaction Cu(NO₃)₂ (aq) + Ni (s) Ni(NO₃)₂ (aq) + Cu (s) A) Cu B) Ni C) Ag D) Pb E) N
B
Combining aqueous solutions of BaI₂ and Na₂SO₄ affords a precipitate of BaSO₄. Which ion(s) is/are spectator ions in the reaction? A) Ba²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ B) Na⁺ and I⁻ C) Na⁺ only D) Ba²⁺ only E) SO₄²⁻ and I⁻
B
Electrons in the 1s subshell are much closer to the nucleus in Ar than in He due to the larger ____ in Ar. A) azimuthal quantum number B) nuclear charge C) diamagnetism D) paramagnetism E) Hund's rule
B
Elements in Group 2A are known as the ____. A) Chalcogens B) alkaline earth metals C) noble gases D) alkali metals E) halogens
B
In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties? A) Cl, Br, Na B) Br, I, At C) Si, As, Te D) Ne, Na, Mg E) P, Se, I
B
Most of the elements on the periodic table are _____. A) gases B) metals C) nonmetals D) metalloids E) liquids
B
Of the choices below, which would be the best for the lining of a tank intended for use in storage of hydrochloric acid? A) iron B) copper C) nickel D) tin E) zinc
B
The de Broglie wavelength of an electron with velocity of 6.00x10⁶ m/s is _____m. the mass of the electron is 9.11x10⁻²⁸g. A) 1.21x10⁻¹⁶ B) 1.21x10¹⁰ C) 8.25x10⁹ D) 1.21x10⁻¹³ E) 8.25x10¹²
B
The element that corresponds to the electron configuration 1s²2s²2p⁶ is ____. A) sodium B) neon C) lithium D) magnesium E) beryllium
B
The energy of a photon of light is ___ proportional to its frequency and ___ proportional to its wavelength. A) indirectly, not B) directly, inversely C) inversely, inversely D) directly, directly E) inversely, directly
B
The principal quantum number for the outermost electron ins a Ca atom in the ground state is ____. A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 E) 2
B
Which of the following is insoluble in water at 25 °C? A) Na₂S B) Mg₃(PO₄)₂ C) (NH₄)₂CO₃ D) Ba(C₂H₃O₂)₂ E) Ca(OH)₂
B
Which of the following is soluble in water at 25 degrees Celsius? A) Fe(OH)₂ B) Fe(NO₃)₂ C) FeCO₃ D) FeS E) Fe₃(NO₃)₃
B
Which of the following is soluble in water at 25 °C. A) FeS B) Mg³(PO₄)₂ C) (NH₄)₂CO₃ D) Ba(C₂H₃O₂)₂ E) Ca(OH)₂
B
Which of these metals will be oxidized by the ions of cobalt? A) copper B) iron C) tin D) nickel E) silver
B
_____ is isoelectronic with argon and _____ is isoelectoronic with neon. A) F⁺, F⁻ B) Cl⁻, F⁺ C) Ne⁻, Ar⁺ D) Ne⁻, Kr⁺ E) Cl⁻, Cl⁺
B
_____ typically form ions with a 2+ charge. A) Transition metals B) Alkaline earth metals C) Chalcogens D) Halogens E) Alkali metals
B
Which halogen, bromine or iodine, will form the more polar bond with phosphorus?
Bromine
A spectrum containing only specific wavelengths is called a _____ spectrum. A) Rydberg B) continuous C) line D) invariant E) visible
C
A strong electrolyte is one that ___ completely in solution. A) reacts B) associates C) ionizes D) disappears
C
A substance that is capable of acting as both an acid and as a base is ___. A) miscible B) autosomal C) amphoteric D) conjugated E) saturated
C
According to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, it is impossible to know precisely both the position and the ___ of an electron. A) color B) shape C) momentum D) mass E) charge
C
An electron in a(n) ____ subshell experiences the greatest effective nuclear charge in a many-electron atom. A) 3d B) 4s C) 3s D) 3p E) 3f
C
Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 525 nm appears as green light to the human eye. The frequency of this light is ____s⁻¹. A) 5.71x10⁵ B) 1.58x10² C) 5.71x10¹⁴ D) 1.75x10⁻¹⁵ E) 1.58x10¹¹
C
Electromagnetic radiation with a with a wavelength of 525 nm appears as green light to the human eye. The energy of one photon of this light is ____J. A) 1.04x10⁻³¹ B) 3.79x10⁻²⁸ C) 3.79x10⁻¹⁹ D) 2.64x10¹⁸ E) 1.04x10⁻²²
C
Elements ___ exhibit similar physical and chemical properties. A) with similar chemical symbols B) in the same period of the period table C) in the same group of the periodic table D) with similar atomic masses E) on opposite sides of the periodic table
C
Given the electronegativities below, which covalent single bond is most polar? H (2.1) C (2.5) N (3.0) O (3.5) A) C--H B) N--H C) O--N D) O--C E) O--H
C
In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties? A) Ne, Na, Mg B) N, O, F C) O, S, Se D) S, Se, Si E) Na, Mg, K
C
Of the following transitions in the Bohr hydrogen atom, the ___ transition results in the emission of the highest-energy photon. A) n=6 → n=3 B) n=1 → n=6 C) n=6 → n=1 D) n=1 → n=4 E) n=3 → n=6
C
The angular momentum quantum number for the outermost electrons in a boron atom in the ground state is ____. A) 0 B) -1 C) 1 D) 3 E) 2
C
The energy of a photon of light is ___ proportional to its frequency and ___ proportional to its wavelength. A) inversely, inversely B) directly, directly C) directly, inversely D) inversely, directly E) indirectly, not
C
When a metal a nonmetal react, the ____ tends to lose electrons and the ____ tends to gain electrons. A) nonmetal, metal B) metal, metal C) metal, nonmetal D) nonmetal, nonmetal E) None of the above, these elements share electrons
C
Which one of the following is correct? A) λ=cν B) v=cλ C) v λ=c D) v/ λ=c E) v+λ=c
C
A strong electrolyte is one that ___ completely in solution. A) disappears B) associates C) reacts D) ionizes
D
A weak electrolyte exists predominantly as ___ in solution. A) electrons B) atoms C) ions D) molecules E) an isotope
D
Based on the octet rule, magnesium most likely forms a ____ ion. A) Mg⁶⁺ B) Mg⁶⁻ C) Mg²⁻ D) Mg²⁺ E) Mg⁻
D
Elements in Group 6A are known as the ___. A) alkali metals B) noble gases C) alkaline earth metals D) chalcogens E) halogens
D
For a given arrangement of ions, the lattice energy increases as ionic radius ____ and as ionic charge ____. A) increases, decreases B) increases, increases C) decreases, decreases D) decreases, increases E) this cannot be predicted
D
In the periodic table, the elements are arranged in___. A) order of increasing metallic properties B) reverse alphabetical order C) alphabetical order D) order of increasing atomic number E) order of increasing neutron content
D
Of the atoms below, ____ is the most electropositive. A) Be B) Ca C) Mg D) Ba E) Sr
D
Oxidation and ____ mean essentially the same thing. A) metathesis B) decomposition C) reduction D) corrosion E) activity
D
Oxidation is the ___ and reduction is the ___. A) gain of oxygen, loss of mass B) loss of oxygen, gain of electrons C) gain of oxygen, loss of electrons D) loss of electrons, gain of electrons E) gain of electrons, loss of electrons
D
The chloride of which of the following metals should have the greatest lattice energy? A) cesium B) sodium C) rubidium D) lithium E) potassium
D
The complete electron configuration of argon, element 18, is ____. A) 1s⁶2s⁶2p²3s⁴ B) 1s²2s²2p¹⁰3s²3p² C) 1s⁴2s⁴2p⁶3s⁴ D) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶ E) 1s⁴2s⁴2p¹⁰
D
The halogens, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals have ____ valence electrons, respectively. A) 2,7,4 B) 7,4,6 C) 1,5,7 D) 7,1,2 E) 8,2,3
D
The net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous solutions of HF and KOH is ___. A) HF + OH⁻ → H₂O + F⁻ B) HF + K⁺ OH⁻ → H₂O KF C) H⁺ + F⁻ + K + OH⁻ → H₂O + K⁺ + F⁻ D) H⁺ + OH⁻ + H₂O E) HF + KOH → H₂O + K⁺ + F⁻
D
The only noble gas without eight valence electrons is ____. A) Kr B) Ne C) Ar D) He E) All noble gases have eight valence electrons
D
When aqueous solutions of ___ are mixed, a precipitate forms. A) K₂SO and CrCl₃ B) Li₂CO₃ and CsI C) NaI and KBr D) NiBr₂ and AgNO₃ E) KOH and Ba(NO₃)₂
D
Which combination will produce a precipitate? A) NH₄OH (aq) and HCl (aq) B) AgNO₃ (aq) and Ca(C₂H₃O₂)₂ (aq) C) NaCl (aq) and HC₂H₃O₂ (aq) D) NaOH (aq) and FE(NO₃)₂ (aq) E) NaOH (aq) and HCl (aq)
D
Which ion below has the largest radius? A) F⁻ B) Cl⁻ C) K⁺ D) Br⁻ E) Na⁺
D
Which of these metals is the LEAST easily oxidized? A) Fe B) Ag C) Ca D) Au E) Na
D
Which of these metals will be oxidized by the ions of aluminum? A) zinc B) nickel C) iron D) magnesium E) chromium
D
Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius? A) Ne B) Cl C) F D) S E) O
D
Which one of the following compounds is insoluble in water? A) Na₂CO₃ B) AgNO₃ C) K₂SO₄ D) ZnS E) Fe(NO₃)₃
D
Which one of the following reactions is a redox reaction? A) Pb²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ → PbCl₂ B) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O C) AgNO₃ + HCl → HNO₃ + AgCl D) None of the above is a redox reaction
D
Zinc is more active than cobalt and iron but less active than aluminum. Cobalt is more active than nickel but less active than iron. Which of the following correctly lists the elements in order of increasing activity? A) Fe < Ni < Co < Al < Zn B) Co < Ni < Fe < Zn < Al C) Ni < Fe < Co < Zn < Al D) Ni < Co < Fe < Zn < Al E) Zn < Al < Co < Ni < Fe
D
An element in the upper right corner of the periodic table ___. A) is definitely a metal B) is definitely a metalloid C) is either a metal or metalloid D) is either a metalloid of a non-metal E) is definitely a non-metal
E
Aqueous potassium chloride will react with which one of the following in an exchange (metathesis) reaction? A) barium nitrate B) calcium nitrate C) sodium chloride D) sodium bromide E) lead nitrate
E
Elements in Group 7A are known as the ___. A) Alkali metals B) alkaline earth metals C) chalcogens D) noble gases E) halogens
E
Elements in the same group of the periodic table typically have ___. A) Similar mass numbers B) similar chemical properties only D) similar physical properties only E) similar physical and chemical properties
E
In a ground-state silver atom, the ____ the subshell is partially filled. A) 4p B) 3d C) 4s D) 3s E) 4d
E
In which orbital does an electron in a lead atom experience the greatest effective nuclear charge? A) 4p B) 5s C) 6s D) 5d E) 1s
E
Of the atoms below, _____ is the least electronegative. A) Mg B) Be C) Ca D) Sr E) Ba
E
One method for removal of metal ions from a solution is to convert the metal to its elemental form so it can be filtered out as a solid. Which metal can be used to remove aluminum ions from solution? A) zinc B) cobalt C) copper D) lead E) none of these
E
The photoelectric effect is____. A) the darkening of photographic film when exposed to an electric field B) the production of current by silicon solar cells when exposed to sunlight C) the total reflection of light by metals giving them their typical luster D) a relativistic effect E) the ejection of electrons by a metal when struck with light of sufficient energy
E
There are ____ valence electrons on the Lewis structure of CH₃CH₂Cl. A) 12 B) 18 C) 10 D) 14 E) 20
E
There are _____ unpaired electron in a ground state nitrogen atom. A) 1 B) 2 C) 0 D) 4 E) 3
E
What are the spectator ions in the reaction between KCl (aq) and AgNO₃ (aq)? A) Ag⁺ and NO₃⁻ B) K⁺ only C) K⁺ and Ag⁺ D) Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ E) K⁻ and NO₃⁻
E
When aqueous solutions of AgNO₃ and NaCl are mixed, AgCl precipitates. The balanced net ionic equation is ____. A) Ag⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq) → AgNO³ B) AgNO₃ (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (aq) + NaNO₃ (s) C) AgNO₃ (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO₃ (aq) D) Ag⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq) → AgNO₃ (aq) E) Ag⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq) → AgCl (s)
E
Which element would be expected to have chemical and physical properties closest to those of argon? A) O B) Cl C) Fe D) S E) Kr
E
Which one of the following is a weak acid? A) HI B) HCl C) HNO₃ D) HClO₄ E) HF
E
Which one of the following solutions will have the greatest concentration of hydroxide ions? A) 0.100 M hydrochloric acid B) 0.100 M magnesium hydroxide C) 0.100 M ammonia D) 0.100 M beryllium hydroxide E) 0.300 M rubidium hydroxide
E
With which of the following will the ammonium ion form an insoluble salt? A) chloride B) sulfate and carbonate C) sulfate D) carbonate E) none of the above
E
With which of the following will the potassium ion form an insoluble salt? A) sulfate B) sulfate and carbonate C) chloride D) carbonate E) none of the above
E
(T/F) A group of ions all containing the same number of electrons constitute an isoelectronic series.
F
(T/F) Atoms surrounded by eight valence electrons tend to lose electrons.
F
(T/F) Bond enthalpy can be positive or negative.
F
(T/F) The effective nuclear charge acting on an electron is larger than the actual nuclear charge.
F
(T/F) The larger the principal quantum number of an orbital, the lower is the energy of the electrons in that orbital.
F
(T/F) As electronegativity difference increases, bond length will decrease.
T
(T/F) Electron affinity is a measure of how strongly an atom can attract additional electrons.
T
(T/F) Electron affinity measures how easily an atom gains an electron
T
(T/F) If a hydrogen atom electron jumps from the n=6 orbit to the n=2 orbit, energy is released.
T
(T/F) In some molecules and polyatomic ions, the sum of the valence electrons is odd and as a result the octet rule fails.
T
(T/F) The atomic radius of iodine is one-half the distance separating the iodine nuclei.
T
(T/F) The largest partial negitve charge on a molecule comes from the most electronegative outer element.
T
(T/F) The square of Schrodinger's wave equation is called an orbital.
T
(T/F) the greater the lattice energy, the greater the charges on the participatory ions and the smaller their radii.
T
(T/F) when the value of n is greater than or equal to 3, electrons can reside in d orbitals.
T
The ground state electron configuration of scandium is ____.
[Ar] 4s²3d¹
The shape of an orbital is defined by the angular momentum quantum number which is represented as letter ___.
cursive l
Which noble gas has the highest first ionization energy?
helium
As successibe electrons are removed from an element, the ionization energy _____.
increases
What are the elements called that are located between metals and non-metals?
metalloids
In the de Broglie formula describing the movement of an electron about the nucleus, the quantity "mv" is called its ____.
momentum
Which noble gas has the lowest first ionization energy?
radon
Alternative but equivalent Lewis structures are called _____.
resonance
The solvent in an aqueous solution is ___.
water