Chemistry For Human Anatomy and Physiology

What is the normal pH in the blood? 9.5 2.4 5.4 7.4

7.4

Based on the elements that make up the R residue, what pH level can amino acids be? Basic Acidic Acidic, neutral, or basic Neutral

Acidic, neutral, or basic

The small amount of energy it takes to get a chemical reaction started is called the _____ Potential energy Activation energy Ignition energy Exothermic energy

Activation energy

Using the image, which of the following statements is true? All the atoms have the same atomic mass. All the atoms have different atomic numbers. All the atoms have the same number of protons. All the atoms have the same number of neutrons.

All the atoms have the same number of protons.

Using the image of hydrogen isotopes, which of the following statements is true? All three have the same atomic number. All three have the same number of neutrons. There is not enough information given to answer this question. All three have the same atomic mass.

All three have the same atomic number.

What type of bond is formed as two amino acid are combined together? Hydrogen Amide Sulfur Ketone

Amide

Which of the following represents the smallest structure? Molecules Compounds Atoms Matter

Atoms

Why does the proximity of reactants affect solubility? Because reactants shouldn't get too close. Because the reactants must be near each other for dissociation to occur. Because reactants are the final products of a reaction. Because reactants aren't ionic until they come in contact with each other.

Because the reactants must be near each other for dissociation to occur.

Which enzyme is responsible for producing hydrogen ion in most cells? Carbonic anhydrase Acid phosphatase Alkaline phosphatase Aldolase

Carbonic anhydrase

Which of these steroid hormones has anti-inflammatory properties? Estrogen Sterol Cortisol Cholesterol

Cortisol

Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen, which are both nonmetals. Water molecules are held together by _____ Ionic bonds Covalent bonds Hydrophilic bonds Metallic bonds

Covalent bonds

A carbohydrate that contains two monomers is known as a: Polysaccharide Monosaccharide Trisaccharide Disaccharide

Disaccharide

Which of the following best describes the picture below? Association Solvent Dissociation Solute

Dissociation

. Based on the image, which of the following is true? Enzymes are more present in the reaction on the right. Both reactions will occur at the same rate as the other. More products would be produced by the reaction on the right. More products would be produced by the reaction on the left.

Enzymes are more present in the reaction on the right.

Which of the following best describes the activity of enzymes? Enzymes bind to many molecules and undergo a shape change after the reaction Enzymes bind to few molecules and undergo a shape change after the reaction Enzymes bind to many molecules and do not undergo a shape change after the reaction Enzymes bind to few molecules and do not undergo a shape change after the reaction

Enzymes bind to few molecules and do not undergo a shape change after the reaction

What type of reaction is shown in the following image? Decomposition reaction Redox reaction Synthesis reaction Exchange reaction

Exchange reaction

The process of catabolizing carbohydrates to make ATP in the absence of oxygen is known as _____. Fermentation Aerobic respiration Anabolism Dehydration synthesis

Fermentation

If one wants to ingest more omega-3 fatty acids, what type of food items should be considered? Pork Fish products Soybeans Corn

Fish products

What is the main structural element of all steroids? Phosholipid bilayer Glycerol Carbon double bonds Four carbon rings

Four carbon rings

What is the main ion that has to be buffered (mopped up) to help maintain normal blood pH? Hydrogen Sodium Bicarbonate ion Chloride

Hydrogen

Which ion is the pH scale logarithmically and inversely related to? Bicarbonate ion Hydrogen ion Chloride ion Sodium ion

Hydrogen ion

The molecule on which the enzyme acts is the: Solvent Substrate Active site Catalyst

Substrate

What would be the anti-sense strand to: 5' ACCTGCGA 3' CGCCACGCT TCGCAGGT ACCTGCGA TGGACGCT

TGGACGCT

What is the end product of translation? double stranded DNA mRNA tRNA a protein

a protein

Which base pair is absent in RNA? Thymine Cytosine Adenine Guanine

thymine

In the dehydration synthesis reaction below, which molecule is removed from the reactants to form the glycosidic linkage? Nitrate Carbon dioxide Methane Water

water

Using the image below, which of the following statements is true? The reaction on the right will occur sooner than the reaction on the left. The reactions have the same amount of activation energy. It is not possible to determine which reaction will occur first. The reaction on the left will occur sooner than the reaction on the right.

The reaction on the right will occur sooner than the reaction on the left.

What is the main property of phospholipids in the cell membrane that allows them to form a bilayer? They can form a carbon ring structure They are amphiphilic in that they contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions They contain carbons double bonded together They contain ester bonds

They are amphiphilic in that they contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

In the image below, part (a), the process of dehydration synthesis is demonstrated. Dehydration suggests that which molecule is being removed from the reactants? Water Salt Carbon dioxide Nitrogen

Water

How many amino acids are required to form a protein? 10 2 5 31

31

Carbohydrates typically have an empirical formula of CH2 O. Therefore, a carbohydrate with 20 hydrogen atoms will have how many carbon atoms and how many oxygen atoms? 20 carbon atoms, 10 oxygen atoms 10 carbon atoms, 20 oxygen atoms 20 carbon atoms, 20 oxygen atoms 10 carbon atoms, 10 oxygen atoms

10 carbon atoms, 10 oxygen atoms

Using the image, how many neutrons are found in this atom of helium? 4 3 1 2

2

How does temperature affect solubility? Temperature has no affect on solubility. Increased temperature increases solubility. Decreased temperature increases solubility. Extremely high and low temperatures increase solubility.

Increased temperature increases solubility.

The reaction below shows the hydrolysis of maltose into two glucose molecules. If humans can digest maltose, this means: It contains an alpha linkage. Humans lack the enzymes for maltose hydrolysis. It contains a beta linkage. Humans produce maltose naturally.

It contains an alpha linkage.

Water is an inorganic molecule because: It lacks an oxygen molecule. It lacks a nitrogen molecule. It lacks a hydrogen atom. It lacks a carbon atom.

It lacks a carbon atom.

Testosterone is a steroid hormone, and therefore, is also a: Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic acid

Lipid

Based on this diagram, what amino acid is encoded by AAA? Leu Lys Ser Pro

Lys

Which unit is used to indicate molarity? mg L M dL

M

Based on this figure, what is the first amino acid for all genes? Ala Val Met Leu

Met

A patient is on a diuretic to increase urine output. This drug inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the kidneys. What condition can result from this enzyme inhibition? Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

Isotopes are created due to an element having a different number of which particle? Protons Unable to determine Electrons Neutrons

Neutrons

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between particle size and solubility? Smaller particles have increased solubility due to increased interactions with water molecules. Particle size does not impact solubility. Smaller particles have decreased solubility due to increased interactions with water molecules. Larger particles have increased solubility due to increased interactions with water molecules.

Smaller particles have increased solubility due to increased interactions with water molecules.

In this color scale below, what pH is required to activate pepsinogen to pepsin? Blue 12 Green 6 Orange 2 Dark green 7

Orange 2

Which cell produces an acidic (low pH in the orange region of this diagram) secretion that is released into the lumen of a gland? Prostate gland cells Chief cells of the stomach Striated duct cells of the salivary gland Parietal cells of the stomach

Parietal cells of the stomach

Which cell releases an alkaline (high pH, around 10-12, blue range in the scale below) solution into the lumen? Prostate gland cells Parietal cells Gastric lining cells Chief cells

Prostate gland cells

What is the main buffering system in the blood and circulating cells? Phosphate buffers Proteins Carbonic anhydrase Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system

Proteins

What is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen? Tritium Protium All isotopes of hydrogen are equally abundant Deuterium

Protium

An element's atomic number represents the number of _____ found in the element. Cations Protons Electrons Neutrons

Protons

Using the image, which particles would you find in the region indicated by the letter 'A'? Protons and neutrons Electrons and neutrons Cations and anions Electrons and protons

Protons and neutrons

What is the condition that can result from holding one's breath to dive under water? Metabolic alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Which of the following correctly describes the image below? Salt causes increased solubility in water. Water is the solute and salt is the solvent. Water is dissociated into salt. Salt is the solute and water is the solvent.

Salt is the solute and water is the solvent.

What is the primary difference between unsaturated and saturated fats? Saturated fats contain ester bonds, whereas unsaturated fats do not. Saturated fats are derived from glycerol, whereas unsaturated fats are derived from methanol Saturated fats have to be ingested, whereas unsaturated fats can be made by humans. Saturated fats lack C=C bond groups, whereas unsaturated fats can contain one or more C=C groups.

Saturated fats lack C=C bond groups, whereas unsaturated fats can contain one or more C=C groups.

What structure level involves formation of alpha-helices and beta-sheets? Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Primary

Secondary

An atom that has lost an electron is known as a/an: Anion Proton Cation Isotope

cation

What type of reaction is shown in the image? Decomposition reaction Single exchange reaction Double exchange reaction Synthesis reaction

decomposition

Which macromolecule class is responsible for directing the production of proteins? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

nucleic acids

Enzymes are examples of which type of organic compound? Nucleic acids Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins

proteins

At what structure level is an aggregation of two or more individual polypeptide chains formed that come together to act as a single functional multimeric protein? Quaternary Tertiary Secondary Pentameric

secoundary

What type of reaction is shown in the following image? Decomposition reaction Synthesis reaction Single exchange reaction Double exchange reaction

synthesis

What happens to the molecule in (b) once water has been added to the molecule? The presence of water will have no effect on the bond. Additional monomers are added to the molecule. It becomes bigger in size and changes shape. The covalent bond is broken to produce two smaller molecules.

the covalent bond is broken to produce two smaller molecules.