Chemistry Midterm Exam Review

100 milliliters is equivalent to a. 1 hectoliter b. 1 centiliter c. 1 microliter d. 1 deciliter

(D.) 1 deciliter

The average atomic mass of an element is the average of the atomic masses of its a. naturally occurring isotopes b. radioactive isotopes c. two most abundant isotopes d. artificial isotopes

(A.)

The number of valence electrons in Group 1 elements is a. 1 b. 8 c. 2 d. equal to the period number

(A.) 1

The wavelength of light that has a frequency of 1.20x10^13 Hz is ______m a. 25.0 b. 2.50x10^-5 c. 0.0400 d. 12.0 e. 2.5

(C.) 0.0400

The wavelength of a photon that has an energy of 5.25x10^-19 J is ______ m a. 3.79x10^-7 b. 2.64x10^6 c. 2.38x10^23 d. 4.21x10^-24 e. 3.79x10^7

(A.) 3.79x10^-7

At maximum, a f-subshell can hold ______ electrons, a d-subshell can hold ________ electrons, and a p-subshell can hold ____ electrons a. 14, 10, 6 b. 2, 8, 18 c. 14, 8, 2 d. 2, 12, 21 e. 2, 6, 10

(A.) 14, 10, 6

the liter is defined as a. 1000 m^3 b. 1000 g^3 c. 1000 cm^3 d. 1000 c^3

(C.) 1000 cm^3

The speed of light is 300,000 km/s. In scientific notation, this speed is written to one significant figure as ___ a. 3x10^5 km/s b. 3x10^6 km/s c. 3.0x10^5 km/s d. 3.0x10^6 km/s

(A.) 3x10^5 km/s

What is the frequency Hz of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength of .053 m? a. 5.7x10^8 b. 1.8x10^-9 c. 1.6x10^8 d. 1.3x10^-33 e. 1.3x10^33

(A.) 5.7x10^8

The number of valence electrons in Group 17 elements is a. 7 b. 17 c. 8 d. equal to the period number

(A.) 7

Based on the octet rule, magnesium most likely forms a _______ ion a. Mg^2+ b. Mg^2- c. Mg^6- d. Mg^6+ e. Mg^-

(A.) Mg^2+

Whose series of experiments identified the nucleus of the atom? a. Rutherford b. Chadwick c. Dalton d. Bohr

(A.) Rutherford

Of the following, ________ radiation has the shortest wavelength a. X-ray b. radio c. microwave d. ultraviolet e. infrared

(A.) X-ray

Because any element used int he cathode produced electrons, scientists concluded that a. all atoms contained electrons b. atoms were indivisible c. only metals contained electrons d. atoms carried a negative charge

(A.) all atoms contained electrons

In the elements listed below, the s sublevel of the highest occupied energy level Elements: potassium, francium, sodium, hydrogen a. always contains on electron b. always contains two electrons c. varies in the number of electrons it contains d. is always empty

(A.) always contains one electron

One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together is called the a. atomic radius b. atomic volume c. atomic diameter d. electron cloud

(A.) atomic radius

Because most particles fired at metal foil passed straight through, Rutherford concluded that a. atoms were mostly empty space b. electrons formed the nucleus c. atoms contained no charged particles d. atoms were indivisible

(A.) atoms were mostly empty space

The atomic mass of an element listed in the periodic table is the a. average atomic mass b. relative atomic mass of the most abundant isotope c. relative atomic mass of the most abundant radioactive isotope d. mass number of the least abundant isotope

(A.) average atomic mass

According to the law conservation of mass, when sodium, hydrogen and oxygen react to form a compound, the mass of the compound is _____ the sum of the masses of the individual elements a. equal to b. less than c. greater than d. either greater than or less than

(A.) equal to

Elements in which the d-sublevel is being filled have the properties of a. metals b. metalloids c. nonmetals c. gases

(A.) gases

As you move down Group 14 in the periodic table from carbon through lead, atomic radii a. generally increase b. do not change c. generally decrease d. vary unpredictable

(A.) generally increase

Across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii a. gradually decrease b. gradually decrease, then sharply increase c. gradually increase d. gradually increase, then sharply decrease

(A.) gradually decrease

An element has the electron configuration [Ne] 3z^2. To what group does the element belong a. group 2 b. group 5 c. group 3 d. group 12

(A.) group 2

Which groups in the main group have lower electronegativity than d-block elements? a. groups 1 and 2 b. groups 17 and 18 c. groups 13 through 18 d. groups 13 through 17

(A.) groups 1 and 2

If a mixture if uniform in composition, it is said to be a. homogenous b. heterogenous c. chemically bonded d. a compound

(A.) homogeneous

Across a period, ionization energies of d-block elements generally a. increase b. decrease c. remain constant d. drop to zero

(A.) increase

Within a group of elements, at the atomic number increases, the atomic radius a. increases b. remains approximately constant c. decreases regularly d. varies unpredictable

(A.) increases

Which of these symbols represents a unit of volume? a. mL b. mm c. mg d. Cm

(A.) mL

The periodic table a. permits the properties of an element to be predicted before the element is discovered b. while be completed with element 118 c. has been of little use to chemists since the earl 1900s d. was completed with the discovery of the noble gases

(A.) permits the properties of an element to be predicted before the element is discovered

A positively charged particle with mass 1.673x10^-24 g is a(n) a. proton b. electron c. neutron d. positron

(A.) proton

What are the elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71 called? a. the lanthanides b. the actinides c. the noble gases d. the alkali metals

(A.) the lanthanides

An atom is a. the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity b. the smallest unit of a compound c. always made of carbon d. smaller than an electron

(A.) the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity

The force of attraction by Group 1 metals for their valence electrons is a. weak b. zero c. strong d. greater than that for inner shell electrons

(A.) weak

How many minutes are there in a week? a. 168 min b. 10,080 min c. 1440 min d. 100,800 min

(B.) 10,080 min

The measurement 0.020 L is the same as a. 2.0x10^-3 L b. 2.0x10^-2 L c. 2.0x10^2 L d. 20.0x10^-1 L

(B.) 2.0x10^-2 L

An aluminum isotope consists of 13 protons, 13 electrons and 14 neutrons. Its mass number is a. 13 b. 27 c. 14 d. 40

(B.) 27

When 6.02x10^23 is multiplied by 9.1x10^-31, the product is a. 5.5x10^-8 b. 5.5x10^-7 c. 4.3x10^54 d. 4.3x10^-53

(B.) 5.5x10^-7

How is the measurement 0.000065 cm written in scientific notation? a. 65x10^-3 cm b. 6.5x10^-5 cm c. 6.5x10^-6 cm d. 6.5x10^-4 cm

(B.) 6.5x10^-5 cm

Barium, atomic number 56, is the firth element in group 2. What is the atomic number of radium, the next element in group 2? a. 64 b. 88 c. 74 d. 103

(B.) 88

The relationship between the mass m of material, its volume V, and its density D is a. D=mV b. D=m/V c. D=V/m d. D=m+V

(B.) D=m/V

Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by the a. nucleus b. electrons c. nuclides d. protons

(B.) Electrons

Valence electrons are those s and p electrons a. closest to the nucleus b. in the highest energy level c. in the lowest energy level d. combined with protons

(B.) In the highest energy level

When determining the size of an atom by measuring the distance between bonded, identical, adjacent nuclei, the radius of an atom is a. equal to the distance between nuclei b. one-half the distance between nuclei c. twice the distance between nuclei d. one-fourth the distance between nuclei

(B.) One-half the distance between nuclei

Which of the following would have to lose two electrons in order to achieve a noble gas electron configuration? a. O, Se b. Sr c. Na d. Br e. Sr, O, Se

(B.) Sr

The two most important properties of all matter are a. the ability to carry an electric current well and to hold electric charge b. taking up space and having mass c. being brittle and hard d. being malleable and ductile

(B.) Taking up space and having mass

The periodic law states that a. no two electrons with the same spin can be found in the same place in an atom b. the physical and chemical properties of the elements are functions of their atomic numbers c. electrons exhibit properties of both particles and waves d. the chemical properties of elements can be grouped according to periodicity but physical properties cannot

(B.) The physical and chemical properties of the elements are functions of their atomic numbers

The noble gas notation electron configuration for Zn is _______ a. [Kr]4s^2 3d^10 b. [Ar]4s^2 3d^10 c. [Ar]4s^1 3d^10 d. [Kr]3s^2 3d^10

(B.) [Ar]4s^2 3d^10

A homogenous mixture is also called a. chemically bonded b. solution c. a compound d. a solute

(B.) a solution

A compound is a. a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances b. a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances c. the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity d. any substance, whether it is chemically bonded or not

(B.) a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances

The metric unit for length that is the closest to the diameter of a pencil is the a micrometer b. centimeter c. millimeter d. decimeter

(B.) centimeter

The density of an object is calculated by a. multiplying its mass tikes its volume b. dividing its mass by its volume c. dividing its volume by its mass d. adding its mass to its volume

(B.) dividing its mass by its volume

Which of these metric units is used to measure mass? a. m b. g c. mm d. L

(B.) g

A theory is best described as a a. series of experimental observations b. generalization that explains a body of known facts or phenomena c. scientifically proven fact d. testable statement

(B.) generalization that explains a body of known facts or phenomena

Which of the following is an example of a heterogenous mixture? a. a gold ring b. granite c. seawater d. sucrose

(B.) granite

The electron configuration of an element is [Kr] 4d^5 5s^2. To what group does this element belong? a. group 4 b. group 7 c. group 5 d.group 9

(B.) group 7

The most reactive group of the nonmetals is the a. lanthanides b. halogens c. transition elements d. noble gases

(B.) halogens

To which group do fluorine and chlorine belong? a. alkaline-earth metals b. halogens c. transition elements d. actinides

(B.) halogens

Which of these is not an SI base unit? a. kilogram b. liter c. second d. Kelvin

(B.) liter

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom is the a. atomic number b. mass number c. Avogadro number d. average atomic mass

(B.) mass number

The average atomic mass of an element a. is the mass of the most abundant isotope b. may not equal the mass of any of its isotopes c. cannot be calculated d. always adds up to 100

(B.) may not equal the mass of any of its isotopes

Which of the following is not a chemical change? a. rusting b. melting c. igniting d. burning

(B.) melting

The most appropriate SI unit for measuring the length of an automobile is the a. millimeter b. meter c. kilometer d. liter

(B.) millimeter

A student recorded the following while completing an experiment. Color of substance: yellow and gray shiny powder Effect of magnet: yellow, shiny powder was attracted, left behind gray powder The student should classify the substance as a(n) a. Element b. mixture c. compound d. plasma

(B.) mixture

The nucleus of an atom contains a a. electrons b. protons, neutrons, and electrons c. protons and neutrons d. protons and electrons

(B.) protons and neutrons

In Group 2 elements, the valence electrons are in sublevel a. d b. s c. p d. f

(B.) s

Which of these is the abbreviation for the SI base unit of time? a. hr b. sec c. h d. S

(B.) sec

When an electrical current passed through a glass tube, it caused the surface of the tube directly across from the cathode to glow. Scientists concluded that a. a magnetic field was produced b. the particles of the beam were negatively charged c. there was gas in the tube d. atoms were indivisible

(B.) the particles of the beam were negatively charged

A sample of gold has a mass of 96.5 g and a volume of 5.00 cm^3. the density of gold is a. 0.0518 g/cm^3 b. 101.5 g/cm^3 c. 19.3 g/cm^3 d. 483 g/cm^3

(C.) 19.3 g/cm^3

0.25 g is equivalent to a. 250 kg b. 0.025 mg c. 250 mg d. 0.025 kg

(C.) 250 mg

What is the density of 37.72 g of material whose volume if 6.80 cm^3 a. 0.180 g/cm^3 b. 30.9 g/cm^3 c. 5.55 g/cm^3 d. 256. g/cm^3

(C.) 5.55 g/cm^3

Which of the these statements about density is true? a. larger objects are more dense b. density does not depend on temperature c. density is a physical property d. the density of an object depends on the force of gravity

(C.) Density is a physical property

A mixture is a. a combination of pure substances bonded chemically b. any substance with a uniform composition c. a blend of any two or more kinds of matter as long as each maintains its own unique properties d. any group of elements that are chemically bonded to one another

(C.) a blend of any two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties

A solid substance is a. always frozen regardless of its container b. always a crystal regardless of its container c. always the same shape regardless of its container d. always losing particles regardless of its container

(C.) always stays the same shape regardless of its container

Evidence gathered since Mendeleev's time indicated that a better arrangement than atomic mass for elements in the periodic table is an arrangement by a. mass number b. group number c. atomic number d. series number

(C.) atomic number

the deflection of cathode rays in Thomson's experiments was evidence of the ____ nature of electrons a. wave b. particle c. charged d. spinning

(C.) charged

All of the following are steps in the scientific method except a. observing and recording data b. forming a hypothesis c. discarding data inconsistent with the hypothesis d. developing a model based on experimental results

(C.) discarding data inconsistent with the hypothesis

Which part of an atom has a mass approximately equal to 1/2000 of the mass of a common hydrogen atom? a. nucleus b. proton c. electron d. neutron

(C.) electron

AS you move from left to right in Period 4 from gallium through bromine, atomic radii a. generally increase b. do not change c. generally decrease d. vary unpredictable

(C.) generally decrease

After measuring the ratio of the charge of a cathode-ray particle to its mass, Thomson concluded that the particles a. had no mass b. had a very large mass c. had a very small mass d. carried a positive charge

(C.) had a very small mass

If a mixture is not uniform throughout, it is called a. homogenous b. chemically bonded c. heterogenous d. a solution

(C.) heterogenous

Among the d-block elements, as atomic radii decrease, electronegativity values a. remain constant b. decrease c. increase d. drop to zero

(C.) increase

As the atomic number increases, the number of electrons in a neutral atom a. decreases b. remains the same c. increases d. is undetermined

(C.) increases

Matter includes all of the following except a. air b. smoke c. light d. water vapor

(C.) light

A state of matter in which a material has no definite shape but has a definite volume is the _____ state a. gas b. plasma c. liquid d. solid

(C.) liquid

Metals tend to _______ electrons tend to _____ electrons a. gain, gain b. lose, lose c. lose, gain d. gain, gain e. neither, they keep their electrons

(C.) lose, gain

Atoms of the same element can differ in a. chemical properties b. atomic number c. mass number d. number of protons and electrons

(C.) mass number

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different a. principal chemical properties b. numbers of protons c. masses d. numbers of electrons

(C.) masses

A particle that has about the same mass as a proton, but with no electrical charge is a(n) a. nuclide b. electron c. neutron d. isotope

(C.) neutron

The periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic a. masses b. radii c. numbers d. charges

(C.) numbers

In Rutherford's experiments, most of the particles a. bounced back b. were absorbed by the foil c. passed through the foil d. combined with the foil

(C.) passed through the foil

Calcium, atomic number 20, has the electron configuration [Ar]4s2. In what period is calcium? period 2 b. period 8 c. period 4 d. period 20

(C.) period 4

All known chemical elements are organized in groups based on similar chemical properties in the a. chemical table b. element table c. periodic table d. none of the above

(C.) periodic table

In groups 13 through 18, valence electrons may be in sublevels a. s and d b. d and f c. s and p d. p and d

(C.) s and p

An atom is electrically neutral because a. neutrons balance the protons and electrons b. nuclear forces stabilize the charges c. the number of protons and electrons are equal d. the number of protons and neutrons are equal

(C.) the number of protons and electrons are equal

The principle that states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers is a. the periodic table b. the law of properties c. the periodic law d. Mendeleev's law

(C.) the periodic law

The electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared when atoms form compounds are called a. ions b. d electrons c. valence electrons d. electron clouds

(C.) valence electrons

0.05 cm is the same as: (a.) 0.00005 m (b.) 0.005 mm (c.) 0.05 m (d.) 0.5 mm

(D.) 0.5 mm

The density of pure diamond is 3.5 g/cm^3. What is the volume of a diamond with a mass of 0.25 g? a. 0.071 cm^3 b. 3.75 cm^3 c. 0.875 cm^3 d. 14 cm^3

(D.) 14 cm^3

The elements whose electron configurations end with s2p5 in the highest occupied energy level belong to group a. 3 b. 10 c. 7 d. 17

(D.) 17

The average distance between the Earth and the mood is 386,000 km. Expressed in scientific notation, this distance is written as a. 386x10^3 b. 3.9x10^5 km c. 39x10^4 km d. 3.86x10^5 km

(D.) 3.86x10^5 km

There are ___ electrons, ____ protons, and _____ neutrons in an atom of ^132, 54 Xe a. 132, 132, 54 b. 54, 54, 132 c. 78, 78, 54 d. 54, 54, 78 e. 78, 78, 132

(D.) 54, 54, 78

The halogens, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals have _______ valence electrons, respectively a. 7, 4, and 6 b. 1, 5, and 7 c. 8, 2, and 3 d. 7, 1, and 2 e. 2, 7, and 4

(D.) 7, 1, and 2

If 1 inch equal 2.54 cm, how man centimeters equal 1 yard? a. 0.0706 cm b. 30.5 cm c. 14.2 cm d. 91.4 cm

(D.) 91.4 cm

The standard base unit for mass is the a. gram b. meter c. cubic centimeter d. kilogram

(D.) Kilogram

Which of these statements about mass is true? a. mass is expressed in pounds or newtons b. mass is usually measured with a spring scale c. the mass of an object depends on the force of gravity actin on it d. the mass of an object is determined by comparing it to an object of known mass

(D.) The mass of an object is determined by comparing it to an object of known mass

The most characteristic property of the noble gases is that they a. have low boiling points b. are radioactive c. are gases at ordinary temperatures d. are largely unreactive

(D.) are largely unreactive

Within the p-block elements, the elements at the top of the table compared with those at the bottom, a. have larger radii b. have lower ionization energies c. are more metallic d. are less metallic

(D.) are less metallic

The smallest unit of an element that can exist either alone or in combination with other such particles of the same or different elements in the a. electron b. neutron c. proton d. atom

(D.) atom

Dalton incorporated the law of conservation of mass into his atomic theory by asserting that a. atoms are indivisible b. atoms of different elements have different properties c. matter is composed of atoms d. atoms cannot be destroyed in chemical reactions

(D.) atoms cannot be destroyed in chemical reactions

Which of the following is not a physical change? a. grinding b. boiling c. cutting d. burning

(D.) burning

The nucleus of an atom has all of the following characteristics except a. it is positively charged b. is very dense c. contains nearly all of the atom's mass d. contains nearly all of the atom's volume

(D.) contains nearly all of the atom's volume

As atoms bond with each other, they a. increase their potential energy, thus creating less-stable arrangements of matter b. decrease their potential energy, this creating less-stable arrangements of matter c. increase their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter d. decrease their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter

(D.) decrease their potential energy, this creating more-stable arrangements of matter

Experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the a. proton b. neutron c. nucleus d. electron

(D.) electron

All of the following are SI units for density except? a. kg/m^3 b. g/cm^3 c. kg/L d. g/m^2

(D.) g/m^2

A physical change occurs when a a. peach spoils b. silver bowl tarnishes c. bracelet turns your wrist green d. glue gun melts a glue stick

(D.) glue gun melts a glue stick

In the alkaline-earth group, atoms with the smallest radii a. are the most reactive b. have the largest volume c. are all gases d. have the highest ionization energies

(D.) have the highest ionization energies

The liquid state of matter can be described as a. having definite shape and definite volume b. having neither a definite shape not a definite volume c. having lost electrons owing to energy content d. having a definite volume but not a definite shape

(D.) having a definite volume but not a definite shape

A statement that can be tested experimentally is a a. variable b. generalization c. model d. hypothesis

(D.) hypothesis

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the atom's a. electron affinity b. electronegativity c. electron energy d. ionization energy

(D.) ionization energy

The symbol for units of length in order from largest to smallest are a. m, cm, mm, km b. km, mm, cm, m c. mm, m, cm, km d. km, m, cm, mm

(D.) km, m, cm, mm

Which of the following is an example of a homogenous mixture? a. air b. raw milk c. orange juice d. marble

(D.) marble

A measure of the quantity of matter is a. density b. volume c. weight d. mass

(D.) mass

Which of these is a measure of the amount of material? a. density b. volume c. weight d. mass

(D.) mass

a true statement about mass is that a. mass is often measured with a spring scale b. mass is expressed in pounds c. as the force of earth's gravity on an object increases, the object's mass increases d. mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance

(D.) mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance

The SI base units for length and time are a. centimeter and second b. centimeter and hour c. meter and hour d. meter and second

(D.) meter and second

For Groups 13 through 18, the number of valence electrons is equal to the group number a. plus 1 b. minus the period number c. plus the period number d. minus 10

(D.) minus 10

Anions tend to have a _______ charge and cations end to have a ______ charge a. positive, positive b. negative, negative c. positive, negative d. negative, positive

(D.) negative, positive

Anions tend to be _____ and cations tend to be ______ a. metals, metals b. nonmetals, nonmetals c. metals, nonmetals d. nonmetals, metals

(D.) nonmetals, metals

Elements in a group or column in the periodic table can be expected to have similar a. atomic masses b. numbers of neutrons c. atomic numbers d. properties

(D.) properties

The ionization energies for removing successive electrons from sodium are 496 kl/mol, 4562 kj/mol, 6912 kj/mol, and 9544 kj/mol. The great jump in ionization energy after the first electron is removed indicates that a. sodium has four or five electrons b. the atomic radius has increased c. a d-electron has been removed d. the noble gas configuration has been reached

(D.) the noble gas configuration has been reached

A plausible explanation of a body of observed natural phenomena is a scientific a. control b. law c. experiment d. theory

(D.) theory

In Rutherford's experiments, most of the alpha particles a. passed through a tube containing gas b. collied with electrons c. were used to bombard a cathode plate d. were used to bombard thin metal foil

(D.) were used to bombard thin metal foil

The energy of a photon that has a wavelength of 12.3 mn is ______ J a. 1.51x10-17 b. 4.42x10^-23 c. 1.99x10^-25 d. 2.72x10^-50 e. 1.62x10^-17

(E.) 1.62x10^-17

Based on the octet rule, iodine most likely forms an _______ ion a. I^2+ b. I^4+ c. I^4- d. I+ e. I-

(E.) I-

Potassium and bromine belong to a. period 4 b. period 1 c. group 4 d. group 1

Period 4