Chemistry Term 4 2018
Formula for finding pH -log[h+]
-log[h+]
what is Bronsted-Lowry theory
A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any species that is capable of donating a proton—\text{H}^+H + H, start superscript, plus, end superscript. A Brønsted-Lowry base is any species that is capable of accepting a proton, which requires a lone pair of electrons to bond to the \text{H}^+H + H, start superscript, plus, end superscript.
whats a conjugate acid/base
A conjugate acid, within the Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory, is a species formed by the reception of a proton (H+) by a base—in other words, it is a base with a hydrogen ion added to it. Are weak acids/bases
defne diproctic
A diprotic acid is an acid that can donate two proton or hydrogen atom per molecule to an aqueous solution.
what is a ph scale
A measure of acidity or alkalinity of water soluble substances (pH stands for 'potential of Hydrogen'). A pH value is a number from 1 to 14, with 7 as the middle (neutral) point. Values below 7 indicate acidity which increases as the number decreases, 1 being the most acidic.
whats monoproctic
A monoprotic acid is an acid that donates only one proton or hydrogen atom per molecule to an aqueous solution
define triproctic
Having three hydrogen ions to donate to bases in an acid-base reaction. Origin of triprotic.
whats the difference between equivalence and end point?
The equivalence point in a titration is the point at which the added titrant is chemically equivalent completely to the analyte in the sample. End point is the point where the indicator changes its color. To get the same equivalent point as the end point, pH of the indicator should match the pH at the equivalence.
what is a buffer solution
a solution that (to certain extent) resists a change in pH when an acid or a base is added
what is a buffer solution
a solution which contains comparable amounts of weak acids and its conjugate base, and which is therefore able to maintan the approximate constant pH even when significant amounts of strong acid or strong base are added to it. They work because there is lots of acid and lots of base
whats a base
a solution which produces hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution
what is Arrhenius theory
acids are substances that dissociate in water to yield electrically charged atoms or molecules, called ions, one of which is a hydrogen ion (H+), and that bases ionize in water to yield hydroxide ions (OH−).
what is a strong acid
completly disociate to produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
does an acid donate or accept protons in neutralisation
donate, base accepts
what is neutralisation
is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.
whats a weak acid
limited dissociation --> low concentrations pf products
what are the properties of an acid
production of hydrogen ions or hydronium ions in solution. Acids in aqueous solutions: turn blue litmuus red, conduct electric current, taste sour, react with reactive metals to produce hydrogen gas
what is an indicator
substances than change colour depending on the ph of the solution
what is a weak base
substances where only a small proportion of the molecules or ions react with water to form a hydroxide ions in aqueous