Chemistry Test: Number 2

Soluble Substance

A substance that dissolves in another substance is soluble.

Solution

A very-well mixed mixture. In a solution, the solute is not visible. A mixture has a solute in plain sight.

Acid

Acids taste sour and corrode metal. Acids are an example of a solution.

Metalloids

On the border between the metals and non-metals. Have some characteristics of metals and some of non-metals. Ability to conduct electricity varies. Used as semiconductors. Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, astaline.

Non-Metals

Right of the zigzag line. Very few elements are non-metals. Hey are brittle, dull, not malleable, not ductile, poor conductors, not magnetic. Not magnetic. Most are gas, such as nitrogen and oxygen at room temperature. Some are solid, such as carbon and iodine at room temperature. . They have low boiling points. Bromine is liquid at room temperature. Most can easily form compounds except for Group 18, the noble gases. Do not corrode. Lack most of the properties of metals. Iodine, chlorine, sulfur, neon, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.

Solubility Graph

Shows how much of a substance will dissolve in 100g of water at various temperatures. Is used to determine the mass of the solute that is in 100g of water at various temperatures.

Solubility graphs are also called...

Solubility curves.

Two Parts to a Solution

Solute and solvent.

To speed up the rate of dissolving...

Stir the solution, heat the solution, the solute can broken into smaller pieces.

Semiconductor

Substance that under certain conditions can carry electricity like a metal, and under other conditions, cannot carry electricity like a non-metal.

Solvent

The part into which the solute dissolves.

Columns

Called groups or families. Have properties of elements that are similar to others in that column.

Rows

Called periods. Have properties of elements that are not similar to others in that row.

Elements, Atoms, Molecules, and Compounds Practice

Capital letters are the elements. Atoms are the little and invisible numbers multiplied by he amount of molecules. How many chemical name groups that show up are he substances. Any big numbers in front of the molecule name are the amount of molecules. If there is no number, there is one molecule.

Solubility is affected by...

Temperature, pressure, and amount of solute.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve. Refers to the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent.

Malleability

The ability to be pounded into shapes.

Ductility

The ability to be pulled out into a long wire.

Reactivity

The ability to combine or react with other elements.

Periodic Table

A chart of over 100 elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties. Periodic means a regular repeated pattern. Each box represents an element. It helps to classify elements and predict properties of elements based on their location on the chart. Organized into rows, columns, and sections. Divided into sections called metals, metalloids, non-metals, and noble gases.

Characteristic Property

A quality of a substance that never changes and can be used to identify the substance. Can be used to identify different materials, and separate a mixture of substances into its components.

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by any chemical means. The smallest forms of matter that cannot be broken down any further by chemical or physical means. They combine in all different ways to produce compounds that account for all living and non-living substances. Few elements are found in their pure form. Made up of different combinations of different atoms. More than 100 elements.

Base

Bases feel slippery and taste bitter. Bases are examples of a solution.

Characteristic Properties

Boiling point, melting point, chemical activity, hardness, texture, temperature, color, odor, taste, shape, size, flammability.

Compound

Compounds are formed from the chemical combination of two or more elements.

Elements, Atoms, Compounds, and Molecules Square

Elements are made up of atoms, which bind together to form molecules, which make up compounds, which elements bind together to form.

Noble Gases

Group 18. Do not form compounds with other elements because they do not exchange or share electrons. Very stable and very unreactive. Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon.

Creating Mixtures Experiment Substances: Metal washer, paper clip, Domino sugar, wood chips, dowel, rubber band, copper beads, sand, marble, ping pong ball.

How to Remove: Substances and Method of Separation, Remove metal washer and paper clip with a magnet, because they are magnetic. Boil the water away from the Domino sugar. Use a strainer to get out wood chips, as well as the dowel, copper beads, and the marble. Use tweezers to remove the rubber band., because it is thin and flat. Use a coffee filter to remove the sand, because it is fine. Use your hands to remove the ping pong ball, because it floats.

Metals

Left of zigzag line. Most elements are metals. Hard, shiny, very malleable, very ductile. Good conductors of heat and electricity. Some are magnetic, most are solid at room temperature. Have very high melting points. Mercury is liquid at room temperature. Some are very reactive and others are not. Decreases as you move from left to right. Some are magnetic. Left is most reactive. Corrode easily and turns to rust. Mixture of metals is an alloy. Iron, aluminum, copper, nickel, silver, tin, gold, etc.

Litmus Paper

Litmus paper is an indicator used to test pH. Indicators test for the presence of something. Red litmus paper turns blue in base. Blue litmus paper turns red in acid, and stays blue in a base.

Pure Substance

Made of only one kind of matter and has definite properties. Includes elements and compounds.

Air is a _____ of _____.

Mixture, gases.

Two Categories of Matter

Mixtures and pure substances.

Solute

The part that dissolves.

Corrosion

The process of reaction and wearing away.

Atom

The smallest particles of an element that have the properties of the element. They are too small to be seen with a light microscope. They may join together in well-defined molecules or may be arranged in regular geometric patterns.

Law of Conservation

The total mass of the reactants before a chemical reaction is the same as he total mass of the products after the reaction. Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

Mixture

Two or more substances that are mixed together, but not chemically combined. Individual substances keep their separate substances.

Chemical Reaction

When atoms/molecules interact and rearrange with new bands to form new substances.

pH Scale

pH below 7 is acidic. pH that is 7 is neutral. pH that is above 7 is a base. A pH scale measures strength of acids and bases.