Chi-Square

Which of the following accurately describes the chi-square test for goodness of fit?

It is similar to a single-sample t test because it uses one sample to test a hypothesis about one population.

If the obtained chi-square value is ___________________ than the critical value, we reject the null hypothesis

Larger

How does the difference between fe and fo influence the outcome of a chi-square test?

The larger the difference, the larger the value of chi-square and the greater the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis.

What conclusion is appropriate if a chi-square test produces a chi-square statistic near zero?

There is a good fit between the sample data and the null hypothesis.

What is stated by the null hypothesis for the chi-square test for independence?

There is no relationship between the two variables.

Which calculation is necessary for figuring the chi-square statistic?

dividing the squared differences between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequency in each cell

True or false: The chi-square goodness of fit and test of independence statistics use the same degrees of freedom formula.

false

True or false: The chi-square goodness of fit and test of independence statistics use the same expected frequencies formula.

false

A chi-square test of independence would be appropriate for examining the relationship between

gender (male or female) and political orientation (conservative, liberal, or other)

A researcher wonders whether people are equally likely to learn Spanish, French, or German as a second language.

goodness of fit equivalent proportions

Dr. Pirlott's research team collects data at SXU and wonders whether their sample differs from the SXU population in terms of their race/ethnicity.

goodness of fit population proportions

In a chi-square test, the variables are

nominal (or ordinal)

If the obtained chi-square value is ___________________ than the critical value, the probability of a Type I error is greater than .05 (or whatever alpha level we set).

smaller

If the obtained chi-square value is ___________________ than the critical value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis

smaller

The main idea of a chi-square test is to

test how well the pattern of observed frequencies fits some expected pattern of frequencies

A researcher wonders if men or women (gender: male, female) differ in their likelihood to be pet owners (pet ownership: yes, no)?

test of independence

In a chi-square test of independence, the term "expected frequency" generally refers to

the distribution of people over categories on one variable expected if the distribution of people over categories on the other variable is completely unrelated to it

What is referred to by the term expected frequencies?

the frequencies computed from the null hypothesis

What is referred to by the term observed frequencies?

the frequencies found in the sample data

The main difference between the test for goodness of fit and the test for independence is that

the goodness of fit test is limited to one nominal variable whereas the independence test is not

In a chi-square test for goodness of fit, the null hypothesis is that

the proportion of people over categories breaks down the same for the two populations

In a chi-square test for independence, the null hypothesis is that

the two variables are independent in the population

True or false: The chi-square goodness of fit and test of independence statistics are reported the same in APA format.

true

True or false: The chi-square goodness of fit and test of independence statistics use the same chi-square formula.

true