Child & Adol. Chap1

"The ability to engage in thoughtful reflection seems to happen all of a sudden, but if one carefully examines it. This ability is actually based on an accumulation of experiences across many years." This statement supports a _______ view of development

continuity

What term refers to the behavior patterns, the beliefs, and all other products of a specific group of people that are passed on from generation generation?

culture

According to the _________ view of development, each person is described as passing through a sequence of stages in which change is qualitatively rather than quantitatively different.

discontinuity

Freud claimed that..

early childhood experiences are important determinants of later personality development

Miyako considers herself to be a member of the Ainu tribe because she speaks their language, follows their customs, practices their religion, and knows a lot about their history. Miyako's membership in the Ainu tribe is an example of?

ethnicity

John Bowlby's view that the first year of human life is a sensitive period for the development of social relationships is an application of the ______ theory to human development.

ethological

A scientific hypothesis is described as?

prediction

Parenting strategies that focus on developing trust, encouraging initiative, promoting industry, and stimulating identity exploration are based on the work of what theorist?

Erik Erikson

What is a TRUE statement about Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory?

It emphasizes both early and later experiences

Which psychoanalytic theorist believed that our adult personality is determined by the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure and the demands of reality at different stages of life?

Sigmund Freud

"It's no use putting her in a special educational program", Misha's grandfather explained patiently. "She just can't understand things very well. She got it from her father; he's the same way. We might as well get used to it now." Misha's grandfather seems to

hold a nature view of development

what is a true statement regarding laboratory observations?

it allows a researcher to control most factors that influence behavior

José was abused as a young boy but did not grow up to become an abuser himself. Instead, he led a fulfilling family life. What view of development is illustrated within the example?

later-experience view of development

Dr. Martin, a psychologist interested in studying children's memory gave a memory test to a group of six-year-olds in 1995 and repeated the tests with the same children in 1998 when they were nine year olds. The research strategy used here was the ___ approach

longitudinal

Observing behavior in real-world settings and making no effort to manipulate or control the situation is called _______ observation

naturalistic

According to Piaget, the ________ stage lasts from approximately 2 to 7 years of age. In this stage, children begin to go beyond simply connecting sensory information with physical action and begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings

pre-operational

A person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics is referred to as that person's?

socioeconomic status

Which process of development involves interactions with other people?

socioemotional

Sandra is taking a test with her classmates. All students must follow the same rules, are given the same allotted time, and are not allowed to talk or leave the room until the test is finished. Sandra is taking a _____ test.

standardized

According to ecological theory, the term macrosystems represents?

the culture in which individuals live