Child Development and Guidance

Which of the following best describes four-year-olds' typical social interactions

They tend to get along better in groups of two

Self-concept is

a person's view of himself or herself

During the toilet routine, children should wash their hands

after using the toilet

If young children do not succeed the first time they try a task that is within the child's capability, the teacher or caregiver should

allow the child to experiment and keep on trying until she succeeds

Toddlers should be allowed to feed themselves

any way they like and whenever they wish

In the section, "Developmental Concerns" Marny Helfrich states that when told that their child may have a developmental challenge, most parents

appreciate the caregiver's concern and insight

Most five year olds A. aren't ready for games with rules B. enjoy games with rules whether they win or lose C. are beginning to learn to play games with rules D. are able to consistently follow the rules when playing games

are beginning to learn to play games with rules

Toddlers

are often too busy taking care of their own needs to understand sharing

Which style of play is characterized by children engaging in a common activity exchanging toys, but not assigning roles or organizing group goals?

associative play

Having enough toys so that all children can play with what they wish

encourages cooperative play

Children develop holistically, which means that

children's development in each domain influences and is influenced by their development in all the other domains

The best carbohydrates for children are

complex carbohydrates

Managing and expressing feelings is part of children's _______ development

emotional

Children need opportunities to develop in all domains

every day

In an early childhood program, curriculum includes

everything that is part of the children's day

Children who feel they are incapable

expect themselves to fail

Infants who receive prompt, consistent, appropriate responses from their caregivers

feel secure

Periods of disequilibrium in preschoolers' development are typically the result of

growth changes

Consistent, fair, clearly defined limits

help children feel secure

Guidance is

helping children learn to control their behavior and make their own decisions

Helping toddlers develop a sense of time

helps them learn self-control

Cognitive development refers to

how children come to know and understand the world

"Motivation" on the activity lesson plan form refers to

how the teacher plans to introduce the activity and stimulate the children's interest

The best way to help four-year-olds learn to use correct grammar is to

let them hear you speak correctly

The main function of a schedule is to

list the general categories of activities planned for the day, when each will occur, and how long each will last

The most important purpose of a schedule is to

meet children's needs

The sense of object permanence means that the child realizes that

objects and people continue to exist even when the infant cannot see them

Every activity should end

on a positive, happy note

The type of play that is most typical for two and three year olds is

parallel play

The Child Find program

provides services such as physical therapy and special education

Giving children reasons for rules or requests is an example of A. power control B. reasoning control C. positive reinforcement D. extinction

reasoning control

When toddlers express anger or frustration, your best response is to

reassure children that they are important, even when they are angry and frustrated and have lost their self-control

Children feel ____ when routines stay the same day after day

secure

Developmentally appropriate curriculum

sees children as individuals

Four-year-olds typically I. have poor hand-eye coordination II. have a short attention span III. have good small-muscle control IV. can handle manipulative objects efficiently V. can button and unbutton clothing

III, IV, V

Young children's resistance to adults' directions

Is a necessary step as children learn to act independently

During the early preschool period, children are typically I. curious II. fearful of new experiences III. eager to learn new words IV. unaware of their own emotions V. happy and fun to be with

I, III, V

Which of the following are part of cognitive development? I. solving problems II. ability to express emotions III. reasoning IV. coordination of muscle groups V. thinking

I, III, V

Which of the following are true about routine activities at an early childhood facility? I. routines account for a significant amount of time each day II. routines have much less influence on children's development than do the learning activities teachers plan III. routines provide opportunities for children to develop independence IV. routines are a necessary part of children's days, but they have little or no relationship to children's skill development V. routines provide the framework around which children's days are organized

I, III, V

Which of the following are means of direct guidance? I. speaking distinctly to children II. alternating active and quiet play periods during the day III. planning children's days in advance IV. getting on children's eye level when speaking with them V. moving about among the children VI. providing interesting activities for children

I, IV, V

Most young preschoolers I. have a clear understanding that in counting, each number must be matched with one and only one object II. can answer "what" questions about familiar things III. can identify the different object when given two objects that are alike and one that is different IV. know their own name, age, and gender V. have some sense of today, yesterday, and tomorrow

II, III, IV, V

During the early preschool period, I. aggressive behavior is more common than during the toddler period II. children interact best in groups of three or four III. children enjoy opportunities to help perform meaningful tasks IV. group pretend play is very important V. children's talk is increasingly directed toward adults rather than other children

III, IV

Four-year-olds typically have I. good large-muscle control II. a desire to move fast and go far III. strong upper leg muscles Iv. poor body awareness V. poor balance and coordination

I, II, III

Each day children should be given opportunities to I. move from place to place II. select their own activities III. explore, create, and experiment IV. socialize with others V. play outdoors

I, II, III, IV, V

Coaxing, urging, or forcing children to eat

can cause serious eating disorders

Children's ability to relate to and interact with other people is a part of their _____ development

social

The _____ curriculum refers to unexpected opportunities for learning that just happen

spontaneous

Which of the following is the most important for young children's learning?

spontaneous, self-paced play

During a transition between activities, the attention of the teacher in charge should be on

the children

Which of the following statements is the most effective way to guide children's behavior?

"walk in here. Running is for outdoors."

Which of the following is the single most powerful stimulator for infants' development? A. playing with other children B. watching other children C. hearing adults talk to them D. trust

D. trust

Orderly, predictable sequences of change occur in ____ domains of children's development

all

Most children have a secure sense of object permanence by

18 months of age

Which of the following is NOT recommended to help children cooperate with change? A. repeat the direction several times in rapid succession B. make sure that the children know what the new activity is and where it will take place C. give children reasons for sudden or unexpected change D. involve children in the change process

A. repeat the direction several times in rapid succession

Which is the best choice for the last activity of the day? A. read the children their favorite story B. an activity the children can easily leave, such as outdoor play or indoor dancing C. clean up toys D. circle time

B. an activity the children can easily leave, such as outdoor play or indoor dancing

Learning centers offer opportunities I. developing themes II. children's self-selected activities III. child-directed play IV. self-paced learning V. open-ended play

I, II, III, IV, V

Pretend play helps toddlers I. learn self-control II. understand their feelings III. act out their fears IV. explore what is possible V. understand the world around them

I, II, III, IV, V

Toys for an early childhood program should I. be safe II. be easy to maintain III. actively involve the children IV. support program goals V. be nonviolent

I, II, III, IV, V

Which of the following activities can help children expand their understanding of mathematical concepts? I. playing with wheels and gears II. measuring ingredients for cooking III. building with blocks IV. sorting objects V. observing changes in the environment

I, II, III, IV, V

Which of the following are appropriate parts of resting and sleeping routines? I. have children go to the bathroom just before nap time II. have children's cots ready for them before naptime III. schedule nap times before children get too tired IV. play calming music as children go to sleep V. allow children to get up whenever they wake up

I, II, III, IV, V

Which of the following describes four-year-olds' emotional development? I. enthusiastic II. capable of sharing III. self-assured IV. prone to fears V. intense

I, II, III, IV, V

Which of the following help build a child's self-esteem? I. understanding how children think II. giving children a voice in planning III. calling each by name IV. allowing children to make mistakes without penalty V. noticing things that are important to children

I, II, III, IV, V

Which of the following are part of physical development? I. brain development II. sensory awareness III. small motor skills IV. perceptual development V. coordination of muscle groups VI. large motor skills

I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Which of the following is an indicator that a child may need evaluation to detect a developmental delay? I. failure to respond to voices II. the child feels unusually stiff when held III. inability to track objects with the eyes IV. persistent ear infections V. the child feels unusually floppy when held VI. true loss of developmental skills

I, II, III, IV, V, VI

Which of the following should be included in an activity lesson plan? I. the developmental goal or goals the activity is designed to meet II. the behavior or action the child is intended to accomplish III. how the teacher plans to introduce the activity to the children IV. the materials needed for the activity V. what advance preparation is required for the activity VI. how the teacher plans to end the activity

I, II, III, IV, V, Vi

Language development includes I. understanding what others say or sign II. written language III. spoken language IV. coordination of muscle groups V. sign language

I, II, III, V

Most five year olds I. understand past and future II. know the days of the week III. can tell time accurately using an analog clock (clock with hands) IV. can sort objects by size V. can count 50 or more objects

I, II, IV

A good schedule I. includes blocks of time for both active and quiet play II. considers children's needs first III. must always be followed exactly with no alterations IV. helps ensure that activities the teacher wants to do during the day will actually happen V. helps ensure that children won't become overtired or hungry

I, II, IV, V

By age three, most children can I. draw clear, bold lines with confidence II. copy a circle from a drawing of a circle III. draw a human figure showing a head, torso, arms, hands, legs, and feet IV. do simple puzzles V. build stable nine - or ten - block towers

I, II, IV, V

Every activity planned for children should I. involve something worth knowing or learning II. be interesting to the children III. involve working with other children IV. involve materials or a situation that is new to the child V. involve information or concepts that children can test or experience

I, II, V

Which of the following are means of indirect guidance? I. organizing space to give children enough room to move about without interference II. offering a balance of new and familiar experiences III. maintaining eye contact with children when talking to them IV. speaking to children in a pleasant voice V. talking baby talk to young children VI. providing adequate amount of appropriate equipment and materials

I, II, VI

Which of the following are appropriate parts of the arrival routine? I. greet each child by name II. prepare materials and equipment for the day's activities III. have parents check bulletin board for timely information IV. help each child move from parent to an activity V. select activities for the children's day

I, III, IV

Which of the following are ways to help toddlers develop their independence? I. When something must be done, give them a choice about when or how it is done II. Ask them "would you like to..." questions, even when they don't really have a choice III. Give them a choice of foods to eat IV. Give them many activities to choose from V. Whenever possible, avoid letting them do things their own way

I, III, IV

Which of the following are appropriate parts of eating routines? I. have children help set the table II. have adults sit at a separate table from the children III. encourage pleasant conversation while children eat IV. allow children to serve themselves V. correct children's table manners as children eat VI. use child-sized furniture and utensils

I, III, IV, VI

Which of the following is the best choice for promoting problem solving by the child rather than a dependence on adults to solve problems? A. substitution B. positive reinforcement C. active listening D. extinction

active listening

If a toddler ignores a request, your best response is to

calmly go to where the child is ans kindly help the child obey

Most _____ year olds can print their first name

five and a half

Most children have established a dominant hand by ____ y ears of age

five and a half

All children

follow the same sequence of development but proceed at their own individual rate

A toddler serving of grains, fruits, or vegetables is

from 1/4 to 1/2 cup

to promote children's language development, the best time for adults to begin talking to children is

from birth

The adult's best response when preschoolers use objectionable speech is to

ignore it

Adults' best response to children's stuttering is to

ignore the stuttering and pay close attention to what the child is saying

Toddlers' use of the word "no"

is a symbol of their emerging power as an independent individual

Most of four year olds' conversation

is directed toward other children and is likely to involve pretend play

At three years of age, the typical child

is physically active and learning to use their body skillfully

missing an optimal period for learning and development in a domain

makes development in that domain more difficult and may prevent the child from reaching the level of competency in this area that he might have reached if his development had not been delayed

Most five year olds A. are developmentally ready to accomplish most academic tasks B. may become intensely frustrated when pushed to do academic work C. generally prefer academic tasks to activities that involve exploration D. are seldom frustrated by adults' unrealistic expectations

may become intensely frustrated when pushed to do academic work

Giving a child attention immediately following a desired behavior is an example of

positive reinforcement

Which of the following has research found to be the most effective strategy to help children improve their skill performance?

practice

When altering the usual schedule for a special activity, which of the following should remain the same? A. child-initiated activities B. snacks, meals, and nap times C. outdoor play time D. individualized teaching

snacks, meals, and nap times

When planning a daily schedule for young children, which of the following should be considered the cornerstones of the children's day around which other activities should be scheduled?

snacks, meals, and nap times