Child Development Theorists: Early Childhood Education Study Guide and Notes

Jean Piaget believed that your _________ development was what mattered and that it is affected by both _______ matters and environmental interaction.

cognitive, biological

Lev Vygotsky's arrow

things you can do all on your own, things you can do with a bit of help, and things you can't do yet, no matter how much support you get

Lev Vygotsky developed the theory of social development with an emphasis on the ______________________

zone of proximal development

Mary Ainsworth

Attachment: theory that explains why and how children develop certain attachments to heir caregiver.

John Watson

Behaviorism: a comprehensive theory about the nature of human development and how a person's thinking and intellect can change overtime.

Jean Piaget

Cognitive Development: a learning theory that only focuses on observable behaviors and that a learner responds to situations based on environment rather than his/her mental state.

zone of proximal development

In Vygotsky's theory, the range between children's present level of knowledge and their potential knowledge state if they recieve proper guidance and instruction

Abraham Maslow

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: a theory that promotes psychological health by fulfilling innate human needs before being able to culminate self-actualization.

Maria Montessori

Montessori Method of Teaching: Developed a method of learning that emphasizes active learning, independence, cooperation, and learning at each child's unique pace of development.

Lawerance Kohlberg

Moral Development: Theory describing the process of moral development and the changes in morality from early childhood to adulthood.

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy

Needs range from most basic physiological to the most pyschological: pysiological needs, saftey and security needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, self-actualization.

Lawernce Kohlberg's levels of moral development

Preconventional morality, coventional morality, post-conventional morality

Sigmund Freud

Psychosexual Development: Believed that events from childhood have a great impact on adulthood and that individuals advance through sexual stages of development that shape who they will become as a person

Erik Erikson

Psychosocial Development: Like Freud, this theorist also believed in the "stage theory". He believed that individuals advance through 8 interrelated social stages throughout their life cycle.

Lev Vygotsky

Social Development: Theory based on what is known as the "zone of proximal development" which describes what children should know, know , can know with proper guidance.

Albert Bandura

Social Learning Theory: theory of learning and social behavior which purposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others.

Stages of Erikson's Theory

Trust vs. mistrust (infancy) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (toddler) Initiative vs. guilt (preschool) Industry vs. inferiority (school age) Identity vs. role confusion (adolescence) Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood) Generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood) Ego integrity vs. despair (later adulthood)

B. F. Skinner

operant conditioning: a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment of an action.

Stages of Freud's Theory

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genitals.

Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Frued: Psycho_________; Erikson: Psycho_________

sexual, social