Child Growth & Development: Ch.8-10

Early childhood is _____ for language learning.

A sensitive period

The most common cause of death in childhood is:

Accidents

Tertiary prevention begins ___ an injury.

After

johnny, age 6, suddenly makes an angry face at Alan and kicks him hard for no apparent reason. Johnny is displaying:

Antisocial behavior

Whichof these statements is consistent with the notion of injury control?

Appropriate controls can minimize harm.

an example of an externalizing problem is ___ and an example of an internalizing problem is ___.

Attacking other people; being withdrawn

a drive that comes from inside a person is called an

intrinsic motivation

The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height):

Is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span.

The specialization in certain functions by each of the brain is:

Lateralization

A child's insistence on routine typically peaks at around age:

Three

According to the text, what is the most common disease of young children in developed nations?

Tooth decay

Theory of Mind:

Typically appears rather slowly

Most people:

Use both sides of the brain for all cognitive functions.

We recognize today that child abuse or maltreatment is:

Usually perpetrated by the child's parents.

Child Centered programs that recognized that children learn through play with other childrenare most consistent with the views of:

Vygotsky

The major nutritional deficit in early childhood in DEVELOPED countires is insufficient:

Iron, zinc, and calcium

by the age of ___, children are less likely to throw temper tantrums.

4 or 5

By age 6, the average child in a developed naton weighs between __ pounds and is at least ___ feet tall.

40 and 50; 3.5

The average child knows about ___ words at age 2 nad more than ___ at age 6.

500; 10,000

The 2-year-old brain weighs __ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.

75%

By age 6, the brain weighs ___ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.

90%

the term ___ refers to a person whois fluent in two languages,not favoringoneover the other:

Balanced Bilingual

many researchers have traced the effects of parenting on child development, but the researcher whose findings continue to be very influenctial is:

Baumrind

According to your text, it is best that children:

Become equally fluent in two langauges

What did a study comparing preschool children from various countries find to be the primary factor in development of theory of mind?

Brain maturation

Which of the following would best explain why a preoperational child would not be able to understand that cats can be both pets and wild animals?

Centration

Failure to meet a child's basicphysical, educaional, or emotional needs is the definition of:

Child neglect

which thoery of gender differences focuses primarily on children's understanding?

Cognitive Theory

The ___ allows communication between the two hemispheres of the brain.

Corpus Callosum

A primary-prevention measure to reduce child abuse would be to:

Decrease financial instability

A 3-year-old who gives his mother a toy car for HER birthday and expects that she will love it is demonstrating

Egocentrism

Which Piagetian term literally means "self-centered"?

Egocentrism

The ability to control whenand how emotions are expressed is refeered to as:

Emotional Regulation

Baumrind's dimension in which parents vary in standards for responsibility and self-control in thier children is called:

Expectations of maturity

The process by whcih children develop an interconnected set of categories for words is called:

Fast-mapping

After noticing that her 4-year-old brother was having difficulty putting a jigsaw puzzle together, Rose helped him with the task by praising his successes and helping him recognize progress. From Vygotsky's perspective, this is an example of:

Guided Participation

The ____ produces hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body.

Hypothalamus

Perseveration is the opposite of:

Impulsiveness

Erik Erikson's third develipmental stage- the stage duringwhich pride emerges-is called?

Initiative vs. Guilt

Which of the following is cotrolled by the left half of the brain?

Logical reasoning

One of the benefits of the maturation of the prefrontal cortex that occurs from the age of 2 to 6 is:

More regular sleep

A study of Mexican American children and the questions that htey ask foundthat:

Most questions were about human behavior, such as "why do peple kiss?".

Environmental hazards such as pollution interfere with the development of _____.

Motor skills

Which of the following most directly contributes to improved motor coordination in early childhood?

Myelination of the corpus callosum

An experimenterwholines up seven pairs of checkers in two rows of equal length and asks a child if the rows have the same number ofcheckers is likely testing for conservation of:

Number

A kind of play identified by Mildred Parten is:

Onlooker

Instead ofsaying "feet," 4 year old jasper says "foots." This error is best descrived as an example of:

Over-regularization

The tendency of a young child to apply rules of grammar when he or shee should not is:

Overregularization

A 2004 study of 2-t0 4-year-olds from low-income families living in NYC found many children were:

Overweight

According to sociocultural theory, children learn gross motor skills best from:

Peers

parents whohave lowexpectations for mautrity and rarely discipline thier children are characterized by Baumrind as:

Permissive

Which area is said to be the "exeuctive"of the brain?

Prefrontal cortex

what is Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6?

Preoperational intelligence

Piaget's second of four stages of cognitionis:

Preoperatonal intelligence

Laws limiting the number of baby aspirins per container are an example of _____ prevention.

Primary

According to the text, what complicates the evaluation of Head Start programs?

Programs vary in length, curriculum, and goals.

Preschoolers predictthathtey can solve impossible puzzles or control their dreams. These naive predictions are called:

Protective optimism

An illness or disorder of the mindis refeered to as:

Psychopathology

The "just-right" phenomenon:

Refers to young children's insistence on routine.

Which child-centered approach to early-childhood education places the most emphasis on individual differences, neither requiring children to engage in prescribed learning activities nor any large-group instruction?

Reggio Emilia

Play that mimics aggression,but with no intent to harm, is:

Rough and tumble

which of the following is a term associated with Vygotsky's approachtocognitive development?

Scaffolding

Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through:

Self-discovery

Biological differences between males and females are referred to as:

Sex differences

___ refers to people'sfeeling that others blame them or disapprove of them.

Shame

Another term for lateralization is:

Sidedness

Which characteristics of preoperational thoughtinvolves a childassumingthethe world is unchanging, always in the state in which the child currently encounter it?

Static reasoning

When a young child insists that his/her potatoes be placed on a certain part of the dinner plate, he/she is exhibiting:

The "just-right" phenomenon

Freud postulated that young boys have an unconscious desire to replace their fathers and win their mother's exclusive love. He called this:

The Oedipus Complex

The understanding that other people canhave thoughts and ideas unlike one's own describes:

Theory of Mind

The idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theoriies is called:

Theory-theory

Whichof the following has beenshown to influence whena child exhibits theory of mind?

age and siblings

Children who master ___ have learned when and how to express emotions.

emotional regulation

Peers provide practice in:

emotional regulation, empathy, social understanding

Which of the following terms refers to a true understanding of thefeelings and concerns of antoher person?

empathy

A parent might ask a child, "How would you feel if someone did that to you?"to:

encourage empathy

Sociodramatic play allows children to:

explore and rehearse social roles; practice regulation their emotions; and develop a self-concept ina nonthreatening context.

An attempt to defendone's self-concept by taking on the behaviors andattiduesof someone else is:

identification

the goal of teacher directed early-education programs is to:

make all children "ready to learn"

Multicultural research on parenting styles and there effects on children has found that:

parental disipline methods are LESS important than parental warmth, support, and concern are.

A discipline technique that may damageachild's initiative, social acceptance, and math achievement is:

psychologial control

Which of the following statements about Head Start is true?

some programs involve parents; others do not

In psychoanalytic theory, the judgementalpart oftheperonality thatinternatized the moral standards of the parents is:

superego

Some Children amy learn basic literacy from educational programs of:

their parents watch with tehm and reinforce the lessons

Whichofthe following is TRUE concerningpermissive parents?

they have high nurturance

Piaget has been criticized for:

underestimating cognition during early childhood

the results of a 2006 study of 5 yearolds in inner city milwaukee revealed that, compared to other children, children exposed to a montessori program:

were better a pre-reading and early math tasks

In an experiment by Lepper and colleagues (1973), children who received an expected award for drawing:

were less likely to draw

Emotional regulation differs between:

younger and older children, cultures, and girls/boys