Child Psychopathology Quiz

Which statement is true regarding LGBT youth?

They are more likely to be victimized by their peers and families

Which statement about case studies is false?

They use controlled methods without biases.

Sharon is a special education teacher who is using operant conditioning methods with her student Katie. Sharon is likely ________.

Using methods of reinforcement to encourage reinforcement

Which of the following theories was developed by Albert Bandura?

Vicarious Conditioning

Which psychological condition is more common among females than males?

adolescent depression

In ____ research, different individuals at different ages or stages of development are studied at the same point in time.

cross-sectional

Mal de ojo is an example of ____.

cultural syndrome

Research demonstrates that, with respect to aggression, girls ____.

engage in more relational forms of aggression

Questions about the nature and distribution of childhood disorders are frequently addressed through ____.

epidemiological research

Conduct disorder may arise from different developmental pathways, a concept known as ____.

equifinality

The degree to which findings can be generalized to children, settings, times, measures, and characteristics other than the one in a particular study is referred to as ____.

external validity

_____ theorists argue that a child's behavior can only be understood in terms of relationships with others.

family systems

Which behavior would be characteristic of someone with internalizing problems?

feeling sad all the time

Factors that influence the direction or strength of a relationship of variables of interest are called ____.

moderator variables - WRONG

The assessment of childhood problems typically makes use of a(n) ____ approach.

multi-method

Serotonin is a ______________.

neurotransmitter

Gathering information about a child's behavior for a functional analysis involves ____.

observing the child in real life settings

Qualitative data are typically collected by ____.

open-ended interviewing and observations

The ability to successfully adapt in the environment is referred to as ____.

resilience

Multifinality refers to the observation that ____.

various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings

All of these are examples of parent- and teacher-rated problems that best discriminate between referred and nonreferred children EXCEPT: .

withdrawn

Matt was disrespectful to his mother this afternoon. She is using positive punishment to discourage him from being disrespectful again. Which would be an example of positive punishment?

Giving him extra chores to do

The "C" in the "ABCs of behavioral assessment" stands for ____.

consequences

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, acts of child maltreatment were ____.

considered to be a parents rights for educating or disciplining a child

Which is an example of resiliency?

coping skills

Interpersonal therapy is short-term therapy that was designed based on the ______ theory

psychodynamic

In the classic study that led to the theory of classical conditioning, dogs learned to salivate when they heard a tone. Which of the following was the conditioning stimulus in this experiment?

tone

Which statement about childhood-onset schizophrenia is false?

Childhood-onset schizophrenia can easily be cured with medication and therapy

Which statement about the social skills of children with ASD is true?

Children with ASD experience profound difficulties relating to others, even when they have average or above-average intelligence.

Which risk factor is most likely to increase a child's vulnerability to psychopathology?

Chronic poverty

____ explains the acquisition of anxiety on the basis of paired associations between previously neutral stimuli (e.g., a rat), and unconditioned stimuli (e.g., loud noise).

Classical conditioning

____ theorists emphasize dysfunctional thoughts and attributional biases in their explanation of abnormal behavior.

Cognitive

An advantage of behavior checklists over interviews is that checklists allow a clinician to ____ while interviews typically do not.

Compare results to a reference sample

Operant conditioning emphasizes the _____________ of behavior.

Consequences

Mike is having a very difficult time in school. Which hormone would be produced by the endocrine system in response to the stress he is experiencing?

Cortisol

Sarah believes that her mother is trying to poison her. What type of schizophrenia symptom does this sound like?

Delusion

Which pairing is least common to comorbid disorders?

Enuresis and schizophrenia

Which description of a child would be considered labeling a child rather than describing her behavior?

Karlee is an anxious child

Which statement is true about children from ethnic and racial minority groups?

Minority children in the US has higher rates of some psychological disorders

What concept states that various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings such as child maltreatment?

Multifinality

Carol has been sneaking out of her house at night to meet up with friends. To reduce this behavior, her mother took away Carol's cell phone for 5 days. Carol's mom is using ___________ to decrease the problem behavior.

Negative reinforcement

Who developed the theory of classical conditioning?

Pavlov

Which graduate degree listed below has the most emphasis on training students to conduct research studies?

PhD in Clinical Psychology

Generalizations regarding cultural practices frequently fail to capture ____ differences that exist within and across ethnic groups.

SES

What variables can impact scores on measures of psychopathology?

SES and acculturation

Gina behaved perfectly during class today. Her teacher plans to use negative reinforcement to encourage her to behave again tomorrow. Which of the following would be negative reinforcement?

Telling her she doesn't have to any homework over the weekend

What is the purpose of an Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)?

To tailor to the child's school program to his or her needs

The most commonly used intelligence scale today for children is the ____.

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

A child's ____ has the most implications for judgments about deviancy and for selecting appropriate assessment and treatment methods.

age

_____ means that the child shows some form of agreement to participate in research without necessarily understanding the full significance of the research.

assent

Culturally competent mental health services include ____.

basing treatment on what has been reported about a particular culture

One of the major limitations of observational research methods is that ____.

behavior may be altered as a function of participants awareness of being observed

Which statement reflects the differences in mental health problems between boys and girls?

boys externalizing problems are more prevalent than girls in preschool years

Which condition is equally common among males and females?

childhood depression

A ____ summarizes the child's unique behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that together make up the features of a given psychological disorder.

clinical description

The overlapping or co-occurrence of disorders is called ____.

comorbidity

Joint attention refers to the ability to ____.

coordinate one's focus of attention on another person and an object of mutual interest

Variables that are associated at a particular point in time with no clear proof that one precedes the other are said to be ____.

correlated

Mike is having a very difficult time in school. Which hormone would be produced by the endocrine system in response to the stress he is experiencing?

cortisol

Freud was the first to link mental disorders to ____.

early childhood experiences

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA; Public Law 104-446) mandates ____.

education in the least restrictive environment

The development of ____ treatment can be traced back to the rise of behaviorism in the early 1900s

evidence based

In research terms, research questions about behavior that follow from a theory are called ____.

hypothesis

_____ rates refer to the extent to which new cases of a disorder appear over a specified time period.

incidence

A risk factor is a variable that ____.

increases the likelihood that a negative outcome will occur

The greater the degree of control that a researcher has over the ____, the more a study approximates a true experiment.

independent variable

Many children with ASD also have ____.

intellectual disability

Which element(s) are typically included in a clinical description?

intensity, frequency, and severity of the problem

Girls have higher rates of ____ than boys.

internalizing symptoms

Taking a child to see three different psychologists and receiving three different diagnoses would be an example of a lack of ____.

interrater reliability

In an A-B-A-B design, the "B" stands for ____.

intervention

Unstructured interviews tend to be ____ than semistructured interviews.

less reliable and more flexible

In ____ research, the same individuals are studied at different ages/stages of development.

longitudinal

An Intergrative approach to the psychopathology of a child means that

many theories and concepts can be used to explain behavior

The first disorder unique to children and adolescents was ____.

mastubatory insanity

The process, mechanism, or means through which a variable produces a particular outcome is known as a(n) ____ variable.

mediating

A researcher investigating the relationship between maternal distress and child conduct problems found that maternal distress was related to disciplinary strategies toward the child, which in turn were related to child conduct problems. In this study, disciplinary strategies are a ____.

mediator variable

if a study of the effect of divorce found a more negative impact for girls than for boys, sex will be a ____.'

moderating variable

Which factor would typically be addressed in the developmental/family history component of the initial interview?

parents responsibilities at problem onset

Sarah cried at the check out counter at the grocery store because she wanted a candy bar. Her mother broke down and bought it for her even though she did not really want her to have it. Sarah is likely to cry again next time she wants a candy bar at the grocery store. Sarah's crying behavior has been.

positive reinforcement

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, children's mental health problems were attributed to ____.

possession of the devil or other evil forces

Etiology refers to the ____ of childhood disorders.

possible root causes

_____ rates refer to all cases of a disorder, whether new or previously existing, that are observed during a specified time period.

prevalence

This describes a process of gathering information that is used to understand the nature of an individual's problem, its possible causes, treatment options, and outcomes.

problem-solving analysis

____ means generating predictions concerning future behavior under specified conditions.

prognosis

The Rorschach test is an example of a(n) ____ test.

projective

In ___________________, comparisons are made between conditions or groups that already exist.

quasi experiments

____ increases the chance that characteristics other than the independent variable will be equally distributed across treatment groups.

random assignment

____ evaluate treatment outcomes for children who are randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions.

randomized controlled trails

Mediator variables are those that ____.

refer to the process through which a variable produces an outcome

The over-representation of boys with psychological disorders likely reflects ____.

referral biases

The relationship between assessment and intervention is best viewed as ____.

related and ongoing

Emily's mother was asked to complete a behavior checklist on two separate occasions several weeks apart. The results yielded from both occasions were very similar. The behavior checklist can be said to be

reliable

Asking college students to describe their childhood relationships with peers is an example of a ____ design.

retrospective

Recall bias and distortion are potential limitations of ____ studies.

retrospective

A variable that precedes an outcome of interest and increases the chances that the negative outcome will occur is a(n) ____.

risk factor

A ____ assessment measure allows for the scores of one child to be compared to the scores of other similar children.

standardized

The formal assignment of a clinical case to a DSM-5 classification category is referred to as a(n) ____.

taxonomic diagnosis

What does it mean if a test is normed on a group that is representative of the population?

the test is as free from cultural bias as possible

The fact that vulnerable populations often feel pressure to participate in research studies is a factor relating to which ethical concern?

voluntary participation