China

What caused the Ming Dynasty to stop issuing Paper Money?

1. The Ming Dynasty did not have harsh rules making people use the paper money so people without it started to barter more again 2. Counterfeit money increased 3. Punishment for counterfeiting was not severe 4. People stopped using it when it lost its value and the Government did to enforce its use

How long is the Grand Canal?

1,100 miles long

What did each department head have under Tang Taizong?

1. A Rank 2. Fixed Responsibilities

Approximately how many years did the Tang Dynasty Rule China?

300

How big was the Chang'an Dynasty?

5 MILES LONG BY 6 MILES WIDE

What happened in 960AD?

A military leader united China again and began the Song Dynasty.

What was the Silk Road?

A trade route over 4,000 miles long that went from China to Eastern Europe . It went along the northern borders of China, India, and Persia and ended up near today's Turkey and the Mediterranean Sea. It was long and had many different paths/routes.

What is a money economy?

An economic system based around the use of money rather than bartering

What other kinds of things traveled along the silk road?

Animals, Spices, Precious Stones, Gems, Gold, Ideas, Sickness

When did the Chinese STOP using paper money?

Around 1430 during the Ming Dynasty

Describe what Marco Polo observed with regard to paper money in China.

Bark of Mulberry trees was used to produce paper that was cut into different sizes and used as money. The smaller sizes had lower value than larger sizes. Officials were appointed by the emperor to oversee the production of paper and they had to sign and stamp the bills to make them official.

Why was the Silk Road named that?

Because one of the major products traded was silk cloth from China. People in Asia and Europe prized Chinese silk for it's softness and luxury.

Why did people willingly use paper money in China even though it was not worth gold or silver?

Because people knew that it would work to buy and sell goods and it was accepted throughout the country to buy and sell goods and services since the government said it had to be accepted as payment.

Why did the Military Leaders Revolt against the Tang Dynasty?

Because there were problems at home caused by: 1. High Taxes 2. Famine 3. Drought This led to unrest and unhappy people. Strong military leaders rebelled and in 907, a military leader overthrew the last Tang emperor.

How did land ownership change during the Tang Dynasty?

Before the Tang, the government owned all the farmland. Farmers were given equal shares of land to farm. But, under the Tang Dynasty, rich families bought much of the good farmland and peasants worked the land as tenant farmers renting the land that they farmed.

How were people punished for Counterfeiting?

By Death

Where was the capital in the Tang Dynasty?

Chang'an

What principles were the exams based on ?

Confucian Principles - they were difficult and few people passed. At first it was only wealthy men who could afford to take the time to study and pass these tests.

What did his government create?

Efficient departments called bureaucracies.

What kind of money was used in the Tang Dynasty?

Copper Coins called Cash (heavy and hard to manage in large amounts)

When did the trade of silk on the Silk Road significantly grow and expand? (In which Dynasty?)

During the Han Dynasty in 206 BC to 220 AD

What goods did the Chinese trade on the Silk Road?

Exports: Silk, tea, salt, sugar, porcelain, spices (things considered expensive luxury goods) Imports: Cotton, Ivory, Wool, Gold, Silver

True or False: Song Dynasty had a large military with great power in the Government.

FALSE. Song Dynasty DID have a large military. But, they did not want them to have power so they gave control of the Government to officials who were not in the military.

True or False: The chance of passing the Civil Service Test was great. Lots of people did it and it only took a little while to learn the material for the Test.

FALSE: Few people passed and they had to study for years to prepare for the test.

True or False: During the Sung Dynasty, paper money was issued in Small Denominations (amounts) and the copper coins were very valuable.

False. The opposite is true. Paper money was issued ONLY in Large denominations and copper coins were used to buy things with little value.

Who controlled the government in the Song Dynasty?

Government officials who were not in the military

What was Urbanization?

Growth of the cities which occurred during the Tang and Song Dynasties which caused a population shift toward the south

What very early Chinese Dynasty fell in 220 leaving China divided until the Tang Dynasty reunited China in 626?

Han Dynasty - The first Dynasty in China to introduce the idea of Civil Service Tests which continue to be used in a different form even today.

Who was Tang Taizong? What were his accomplishments

He became the Emperor of China and united the country in 626AD.

How did merchants travel the Silk Road?

In large caravans to guard from bandits often by Camel

When did the Chinese GOVERNMENT begin issuing paper money?

In the year 1024 and when they started to issue it ONLY the government was allowed to make paper money.

What was developed to control rice growth?

Irrigation systems including pumps and water control devices

What was the merit system and what did it do?

It allowed people to be promoted on their talents, knowledge, ability to do a job sell and their skills.

What affect did the use of the Canal and waterways have on trade?

It cut the cost of transportation, resulted in lower costs of goods and promoted business

What was one benefit of Civil Service Tests and the Merit System?

It discouraged corruption and favoritism. It encouraged honesty and efficiency.

What was special about Chang'an?

It was a PLANNED city and the capital of the Tang Dynasty. It became the largest city in the WORLD with over a million people living inside its walls and about 700,000 more living outside of it.

Describe Chang'an.

It was a thriving cultural and commercial center. Camels carried goods, performers entertained people, and different religions were practiced. May have been the largest planned city ever built. Had great homes, temples, gardens, and the imperial palace stood inside the walls. It was a thriving cultural and commercial center. It was welcoming for foreigners, but they lived in their own sections of the city. People there practiced many different religions. It sat at one end of the silk road.

Why was the Silk Road important?

It was important because it helped to create trade and commerce between a number of different kinds of kingdoms and empires. It also generated cultural diffusion (the spread of ideas, culture, inventions, and unique products from one culture or society to others)

During the Yuan Dynasty, what denomination of paper money did the government print?

It was issued by the government in both large and small amounts. The government insisted that only paper money be used to buy and sell things but it was not backed by silver or gold.

What kind of money was used in the Song Dynasty?

Paper Money (the government issued the world's first paper currency - easier to use)

During the Sung Dynasty, what two forms of money were most common?

Paper money and copper coins with a hole in the middle

What famous explorer traveled to China along the Silk Road?

Marco Polo

Who revolted against the Tang Dynasty?

Military leaders lead a revolt

What kind of currency was used in China?

Money instead of bartering for trade

Were merchants respected people during the Song Dynasty?

NO, it was thought of as an unworthy profession.

Was the paper money in China Backed by Gold or Silver?

No

What were the flooded fields where rice was grown called?

Paddies

Describe the Cultural Diffusion along the Silk Road.

People from different places came into contact with one another. They interacted and and learned about what was happening in different parts of the world, saw different skills, arts, crafts, clothing, languages, currency, etc. They learned from each other. They would have to learn different languages to communicate. The exchange of goods from culture to culture would move around the world and people would learn about each other.

What became China's most important crop?

Rice

What name did someone get when they passed the civil service exam?

Scholar-Officials

What made paper money used in China official?

Special people appointed by the Emperor supervised the production of paper money. Each piece of money had to be signed by the chief official and stamped with the Emperor's seal to indicate authenticity and make it legal to use.

During which Dynasties was paper money used?

Sung Dynasty (960-1279) Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) The Beginning of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) (The beginning of the Ming Dynasty Only)

True or False: The Chinese were the first people to use paper money beginning in the 800s.

TRUE.

What did people have to do in the Song Dynasty to get a job in the Government?

Take a test called a CIVIL SERVICE TEST

Who became emperor and united all of China in 626 AD?

Tang Taizong

What was important about the government in the Tang Dynasty?

Tang Taizong made the government stable by reviving China's official bureaucracy system of government with appointed officials with specific departments and responsibilities.

What kind of Industries expanded during the Song Dynasty?

The Production of Silk Cloth Porcelain (hard white pottery of extremely fine quality) Iron Work

What changed with paper money during the Yuan Dynasty?

The Government issued paper money in both large and small denominations. The Government also insisted that everyone accept paper money in exchange for goods and services - it was the law to use it.

What connects the Huang and Chang Rivers?

The Grand Canal

What is the World's oldest and longest human-built waterway?

The Grand Canal which connects China's two great rivers: The Huang in the North and the Chang in the South

What was inside the Chang'an Capital Walls?

The Imperial Palace was inside the walls with tree lined avenues leading to the gate. It had great homes, temples, gardens, marketplaces and the Imperial Palace.

Who was Marco Polo and what did he do?

The Italian traveler Marco Polo in the 13th century proclaimed Hangzhou in China the finest and noblest [city] in the world. Marco Polo was an Italian merchant traveler whose travels are recorded in a book that introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China He traveled in chine from 1271-1295

What Dynasty came into being in about 960 AD?

The Song Dynasty

What is considered the greatest era of Chinese poetry?

The Tang Dynasty

What was considered the Golden Age for Chinese Arts and Literature?

The Tang and Song Eras

What is the "Mandate of Heaven"?

The emperors were all powerful and had heavenly support to rule (divine right to rule)

Which form of money in the Sung Dynasty had the largest denomination?

The largest paper bills had the greatest value. Copper coins had small value.

Why did people in China agree to use paper money?

The people had to agree to use it to both buy and sell goods. They used it because the government declared it as the official means of payment for goods and services.

How were prices affected by the repeated transfer of goods along the silk road?

The prices were affected (usually would go up) the further along the silk road they went, the more often they were traded (each time they were traded, the merchants would ask more and more for them), and the availability and demand for an item also affected the price - if it was scarce and lots of people wanted it, the price was higher whereas if the item was plentiful or fewer people wanted it, it would cost less (this is the rule of supply and demand)

Describe advances in Farming:

The shift in population toward the south where it was hot and more humid which caused people to farm rice to survive. Rice grew well in the humid climate.

Give some examples of how China prospered under the Tang and Song Dynasties?

Urbanization Land Ownership shifted to the Wealthy Farming advances in Rice

What area did both the Tang and Song Dynasties Control of the Silk Road?

They controlled from the Western part of the Great Wall of China - South to the South China Sea - East to the East China Sea and Yellow Seas

How did the Song rulers change the idea that Emperors were rulers because of some divine right?

They developed a base of loyal supporters in the scholar-officials who rose in power and influence based on their skills. Eventually they pushed out the noble families to become the highest-ranking group in Chinese society.

What did farmers do to increase rice production?

They developed new types (strains) of rice that have a higher harvest yield per year.

During the Yuan Dynasty, if you refused to accept paper money for your goods or services you could be severely punished, True or False?

True

True or False: China had huge economic growth during the Song Dynasty that led to the growth of cities called urbanization.

True

True or False: During the Tang and Song Dynasties the population of Southern China grew while it shrunk in Northern China.

True

True or False: In the Song Dynasty, the government opened schools that even poor people could attend.

True

True or False: Land ownership changed during the Tang Dynasty.

True

True or False: Many of the largest cities by 1100 in China were located in the South (south of the Chang River).

True

True or False: Merchants along the Silk Road often changed roles from buyer to seller and back again.

True

True or False: Over time, foreign invaders weakened the Song Dynasty who moved south away from the invaders.

True

True or False: Paper money became very important during the SUNG Dynasty because trade increased rapidly.

True

True or False: The Civil Service Tests became part of the merit system and passing higher level tests could lead to promotions. But, scholars also had to perform their jobs well to move higher in the bureaucracy.

True

True or False: The SONG dynasty is famous for its painters.

True

True or False: The highest ranking group in Chinese society during the Song Dynasty was the scholar-officials?

True

True or False: The peak period of Chinese poetry is the Tang Dynasty.

True

True or False: The population shifted toward the south when the Jin Kingdom took over northern territories. The Song Dynasty moved it's capital to the port city of Hangzhou.

True

True or False: Under the Tang and Song dynasties, china developed the most advanced civilization in the world.

True

True or False: In the TANG Dynasty, People often got promotions based on wealth, social status, or because of who they knew even though there were some civil service tests used.

True. It was not until the Song Dynasty that people were hired and promoted based on talent and skill only.

True or False: Goods were often traded over and over again along the Silk Road?

True. Often Merchants didn't actually travel that far, they traded their goods to someone who went a little further and traded them again, and so on.

True or False: Under Tang rulers, China grew to its largest size up to that time.

Ture: Becuase During the Tang Dynasty its strong military kept expanding the borders. See Page 518 in the Book.

Under whose Rule did trade on the Silk Road reach it's peak and why?

Under the rule of Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty of the Mongols because the Mongols controlled a significant portion of the trade route and protected it to keep the travelers safe. Also, merchants were granted more social status during the Mongol Rule.

What was Land Tenure?

Wealthy people bought land and then rented it to peasants.

What effect did the increase in rice production have on China?

With the availability of more food, the population grew rapidly. (It doubled in about 300 years)

Who was the only FEMALE emperor in the Tang Dynasty?

Wu Zhao

How long did the Song Dynasty last?

about 300 years from 960 to 1279

When did the revolt against the Tang Dynasty occur?

in 700s AD

During the Sung Dynasty, what two types of money were used?

paper money and copper coins with holes in them so they could be put on strings and transported from place to place more easily to buy things