Chp. 1

Server

A _______, which is also called a host computer, is the computer to which other computers are connected and on which programs, data, and information are stored on a network.

smartphone

A cell phone that can make and receive calls and text messages on a cell hallar network, and that can also connect to the internet via a cellular or wireless network and perform numerous computing functions.

Microprocessor

A computer component that's contained on a single chip (a thin piece of silicon containing electrical circuitry) and often serves as the computer's central processing unit (CPU) is called a(n)

tablet

A computer device that is larger than a smartphone and generally used on your lap or on a table, and that can connect wirelessly to the internet and perform computing activities. Also called tablet computer or tablet PC.

wearable computer

A computer device that's worn somewhere in the body-most often, on the head or wrist-and that typically provides mobile computing capabilities a d internet access.

Single-user computer system

A computer system that can accommodate one user at a time; found in homes and small businesses and organizations.

Multiuser computer system

A computer system that can serve many users at a time over a network; typically used by large organizations to enable multiple employees to simultaneously access, use, and update information stored in a central storage location.

mainframe computer

A computer that is bigger, more powerful, and more expensive than a midrange server, and that can accommodate hundreds or thousands of network users performing different computing tasks.

Microcomputer

A computer that was designed for easy operation by an individual user and is capable of performing input, processing, output, and storage. Also called personal computer (PC).

smart home

A concept where numerous networked home devices provide specific, usually automated functions, and share data and media. Also called connected home.

peripheral device

A connected device located outside of (or peripheral to) the computer but typically controlled by it; for example, a keyboard, mouse, webcam, or printer.

Information processing cycle

A cycle in which the computer accepts input (data), performs processing on the data, displays or sends the resulting output, and then keeps the output in storage if required for future use.

communication device

A device that makes it possible for multiple computers to exchange instructions, data and information

storage device

A hardware that houses a storage medium that provides more permanent storage of programs, data, and information; you can later retrieve the stored data to work with it. Also called secondary storage.

Workstation

A high-performance, single-user computer with advanced input, output, and storage components.

soft copy

A monitor produces output in _______ form; this type of output can be viewed but not physically handled.

notebook computer

A newer term that emerged to describe smaller, lighter laptop computers. Often used interchangeably with the term lap too computer.

Server

A powerful computer capable of accommodating numerous client computers at the time is called a(n)

Server

A powerful that's capable of accommodating numerous client computers at the same time. Formerly known as a midrange server or minicomputer.

Personal Computer (PC)

A self-contained computer that can perform input, processing, output, and storage functions. Also called computer. See also microcomputer.

Program

A set of instructions executed by a computer. Types of programs include operating systems, utilities, and applications.

network

A setup that consists of two or more computers or devices and software connected by one or more communications media (such as wireless) is called a(n)

Embedded Chips

A small, electronic chip that a manufacturer develops for use in another product (such as a digital camera or microwave oven) is called a(n)

Internet

A worldwide network made up of smaller networks linked by communications hardware, software, telephone, cable, fiber optic, wireless, and satellite systems for communicating and sharing information. Also called net.

mobile

A(n) ______ operating system such as iOS or Driod runs many smartphones or handheld devices.

Hardware

All the physical components that make up the system unit plus the other devices connected to it, such as a keyboard or monitor; also includes other peripherals and devices.

Digital

An electric signal that's processed, sent, and stored in discrete (separate) parts called bits.

Modem

An electronic device that converts computer-readable information into a form that can be transmitted and received over a communications system.

Computer

An electronic device with chips, memory, and storage that operates under a set of program instructions; a computer accepts user data, works with the data according to the program, produces results (information), and stores the results.

super computer

An extremely fast, powerful, and expensive capable of performing quadrillions of calculations in a single second.

smart device

Any type of device or appliance that has embedded technology.

desktop computer

Computer designed so the system unit, input devices, output devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table.

Communications capabilities

Computers are Incredibly useful because of their speed, accuracy, versatility, reliability, storage, and ___________.

Text data

Data consisting of alphabet letters, numbers, and special characters, such as in spreadsheet formulas, and that typically enable the computer to produce output such as letters, email messages, reports, and sales and profit projections.

Video Data

Data consisting of moving pictures and images, such as webcam data from a videoconference, a video clip, or a full-length movie.

Audio data

Data consisting of sounds, such as voice, sound effects, and music.

Graphic Data

Data consisting of still images, including digital photographs, charts, drawings, and 3-D images. 13

information

Data that has been processed into a useful form is called _________.

Information

Data that's been processed (organized, arranged, or calculated) in a way that converts in into a useful form, such as a report.

Internet of Things (IoT)

Devices with embedded technology that can send and receive data wirelessly or via the internet.

system unit

I'm a personal computer, the term computer identifies only the _________, which is the part of a desktop computer system that processed data into information.

Primary storage or RAM

Main memory, which is also called _________, consists of banks of electronic chips that provide temporary storage for instructions and data during processing.

Main Memory

Primary storage or random access memory (RAM) that consists of banks of electronic chips that provide temporary storage for instructions and data during processing.

software

Programs that consist of the instructions that direct the operation of the computer system and enable users to perform specific tasks, such as word processing. Types of software include system software and application software.

Data

Raw, unorganized facts and figures, or unprocessed information.

Storage

Recording processed output (information) on a medium such as a hard disk, flash drive, external hard disk, or cloud storage area for future use; also the media used to store the information.

Utility Software

Software that performs administrative tasks— such as checking the computer's components to determine whether they are working properly— is called __________.

system software

Software that tells the computer how to function is called

intelligent personal assistant

Software used by smart speakers that used natural language processing to interpret verbal requests and translate them into response or actions.

Summit at Oak Ridge National Labs is an example of a

Supercomputer

Input

The first step in the information processing cycle, or physically entering data into a computer or device.

Output

The information created as a result of computer processing; also the action of printing or displaying such information.

Motherboard

The main circuit board inside the cabinet of a PC that allows other electronic components to be installed and connected is the

Processing

The operations carried out in the computer's electrical circuits that transforms input (data) into information or output.

Motherboard

The processor and memory chips are the main components found on a computers _____

operating system

The software that contains a instructions for starting the computer and coordinates the activities of all hardware devices and other software is the

Computer System

The system unit along with input devices, output devices, and external storage devices.

digital

The term _______ refers to information represented by the numbers 1 (on) and 0 (off).

Information Technology (IT)

The use of computer, electronics, and telecommunications equipment and technologies to gather, process, store, and transfer data.

Secondary Storage

USB flash drives and hard disk drives are examples of

Information processing

Using a computer to convert data into useful information. Also called data processing.

Smart Speakers

Voice-controlled devices that use intelligent personal assistant software to offer hands-free interaction with the internet and technology in a smart home.

laptop computer

a type of portable computer that can fit comfortably and has a flat screen, and whose screen and keyboard fold together like a clamshell for easy transport (also called a notebook computer; usually runs on batteries)