Chp 10 (BIO) Water Soluble Vitamins

Cells require vitamin ____________ to make coenzymes that participate in a variety of cellular processes, including the transfer of methylation in the metabolism of folate.

B-12

Since this vitamin is only found in animal products, people who eat little/no meat are at risk for a deficiency of ______.

B-12

Beef, salmon, potatoes, and sweet red peppers are all good sources of ______.

B-6

______ plays a vital role in keeping homocysteine from accumulating in the blood by converting it to cysteine.

B-6

The thiamin deficiency disease __________is characterized by weakness, poor muscular coordination, and decreased functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Beriberi

Which vitamin plays a role in the chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates?

Thiamin

______ is a water-soluble vitamin that is used to make a coenzyme that participates in chemical reactions involved in the release of energy from carbohydrates.

Thiamine

What are some food sources of riboflavin?

Yogurt Spinach Milk

alchol is considered to be a _________, a cancer agent

carcinogen

Vitamin-like compounds include

choline, carnitine, lipoic acid, inositol

When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its

coenzyme function

Signs and symptoms of ariboflavinosis include

glossitis and cheilosis

a toxic amino acid and vitamin B-6 plays a vital role in keeping it from accumulating in the blood.

homocysteine

What are some major food sources of vitamin B-12?

meat, poultry, milk

In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are

used as coenzymes.

Shellfish, poultry, meat, and eggs are all good sources of which vitamin?

b-12

The neural tube in the human embryo eventually develops into the ______.

brain spinal cord

A group of chronic diseases characterized by cells that have undergone damage is

cancer

Individuals with excess body fat and are obese have a higher risk of _____.

cancer

Must know following water-soluble vitamins RDAs:

Folate, C, B-12

What are some good food sources of folate?

Liver, leafy vegetables, asparagus

The synthetic form of folate is called

folic acid

Which foods contain the richest sources of folate?

fortified cereals enriched grains

Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body?

fruits and vegetables

A swollen and sore tongue is a possible sign of the riboflavin deficiency condition known as

glossitis

Choose the first and final step in cancer development and progression.

1. tumor stimulates development of its own blood supply 2. an inherited tendency triggers damage to the genes in a cell that control cell division

signs of pellagra

4 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

Meats like beef, pork and lamb are associated with an increased risk for

Colon cancer

A diet adequate in _____________ is recommended for preventing neural tube defects.

Folate

Which vitamin is a component of the two coenzymes FMN and FAD that play key roles in energy metabolism?

Riboflavin

niacin pantothenic acid folate biotin

Water soluble vitamins

Niacin participates in which of the following?

energy metabolism

High intake of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cancers of the

esophagus. lungs. stomach.

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

fat soluble vitamins

Cancer is characterized by cells that have undergone damage or _________ to certain genes.

mutation

Which vitamin plays a role in over 200 reactions and is necessary for the release of energy?

niacin

Smokers need more vitamin C daily than non-smokers because

of the greater stress placed on the lungs due to the oxidative damage.

Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include

phytochemicals. carotenoids. vitamin C.

What is added to processed meats and is classified as a carcinogen?

sodium nitrate

two neural tube defects that may occur if a woman's diet is low in folate

spina bifalda and Anancephaly

Vitamin B-12 absorbs more readily in its _____ form because the vitamin is not attached to an animal protein.

synthetic

Which form of vitamin B-12 is more readily absorbed?

synthetic

Vitamin-like compounds are similar to vitamins except

they are not essential.

Because exposure to tobacco smoke increases free radical formation in the lungs, smokers have a higher requirement for vitamin

vitamin c

Collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and assistance in immune system functioning are all functions of which vitamin?

vitamin c