Chp 10: The Muscular System

A cute, little curly haired child is sitting behind you in church. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use? A) orbicularis oris B) stylohyoid C) hyoglossus D) genioglossus

D) genioglossus

To produce horizontal wrinkles in the forehead, which of the following muscles is involved? A) the medial pterygoid B) the zygomaticus major C) the frontal belly of the epicranius D) the temporalis

C) the frontal belly of the epicranius

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh? A) biceps B) vastus medialis C) soleus D) iliopsoas and rectus femoris

D) iliopsoas and rectus femoris

A muscle located on the dorsal side of the body is the ________. A) pectoralis minor B) rectus femoris C) rectus abdominis D) infraspinatus

D) infraspinatus

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis are parts of a large muscle mass of the ________. A) lateral rotators B) anterior compartment of the thigh C) posterior muscle group of the thigh D) medial compartment of the thigh

D) medial compartment of the thigh

The arrangement of a muscleʹs fascicles determines its range of motion and power.

TRUE

The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi.

TRUE

The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest, strongest tendon in the body.

TRUE

The epicranius or occipitofrontalis has two bellies, the frontal and occipital.

TRUE

The insertion of the biceps brachii is on the radius.

TRUE

The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius used in plantar flexion.

TRUE

________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus.

Teres major

________ fibers run at right angles to the axis of the muscle.

Transversus

________ is a powerful forearm extensor.

Triceps brachii

The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

buccinator

The pectoralis major has a ________ arrangement of fascicles.

convergent

The ________ runs deep to the external oblique.

internal oblique

Movements of the thigh are accomplished by muscles anchored to the pelvic girdle.

TRUE

Muscle power does not depend on the direction of the fascicles.

TRUE

Muscle spasms of the back would often include the erector spinae.

TRUE

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push.

TRUE

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true? A) Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones. B) The bones serve as levers. C) During contraction the two articulating bones move equally. D) The movements produced may be of graded intensity.

C) During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.

What muscle is responsible for keeping your toes from dragging when walking? A) extensor digitorum B) tibialis anterior C) extensor hallicus longus D) fibularis tertius

D) fibularis tertius

Scissors demonstrate which type of lever? A) a first-class lever B) a second-class lever C) a third-class lever D) a fourth-class lever

A) a first-class lever

Orbicularis oris ________. A) closes, purses, and protrudes the lips B) pulls the lower lip down and back C) draws the eyebrows together D) allows blinking, squinting, and various other protective mechanisms for the eye

A) closes, purses, and protrudes the lips

Which of the following muscles is involved in abduction? A) deltoid B) subscapularis C) teres major D) latissimus dorsi

A) deltoid

The extensor carpi radialis brevis ________. A) extends and abducts the wrist and is short B) extends and adducts the wrist and has a small tendon C) supinates the forearm and is a superficial muscle D) extends the thumb and is a deep muscle

A) extends and abducts the wrist and is short

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? A) gracilis B) semitendinosus C) semimembranosus D) biceps femoris

A) gracilis

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the knee? A) hamstring muscles B) gluteal muscles C) brachioradialis D) soleus

A) hamstring muscles

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________. A) load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum B) lever system is useless C) effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum D) load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end

A) load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? A) popliteus B) tibialis posterior C) flexor digitorum longus D) gastrocnemius and soleus

A) popliteus

With regard to muscle fiber arrangement in a pennate muscle ________. A) the fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle B) the fascicular pattern is circular C) the fascicles form a triangle D) the fascicles are in a fusiform arrangement

A) the fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscleʹs name, you can assume that ________. A) the muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively B) the muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively C) the muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively D) the muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively

A) the muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively

Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck? A) the scalenes B) the iliocostalis C) the spinalis D) the splenius

A) the scalenes

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint? A) tibialis anterior B) extensor digitorum longus C) peroneus tertius D) peroneus longus

A) tibialis anterior

A muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement is called ________. A) a synergist B) an agonist C) an antagonist D) a fixator

B) an agonist

The suprahyoid muscles ________. A) depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed B) are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity C) move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing D) are often called strap muscles

B) are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity

The muscles that are found at openings of the body are collectively called ________. A) convergent muscles B) circular muscles C) parallel muscles D) divergent muscles

B) circular muscles

To exhale forcibly, one would contract the: A) diaphragm alone. B) internal intercostals and diaphragm. C) external intercostals and diaphragm. D) rectus abdominis and diaphragm.

B) internal intercostals and diaphragm.

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position? A) the gastrocnemius B) the sartorius C) all of the hamstrings D) the quadriceps femoris

B) the sartorius

Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles? A) muscle location B) the type of muscle fibers C) the type of action they cause D) muscle shape

B) the type of muscle fibers

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action? A) to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally B) to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction C) to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi D) to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major

B) to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction

In flexing the forearm at the elbow, the ________. A) biceps brachii acts as antagonist B) triceps brachii acts as antagonist C) brachioradialis acts as antagonist D) coracobrachialis acts as antagonist

B) triceps brachii acts as antagonist

What do geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and stylohyoid have in common? A) All names reflect direction of muscle fibers. B) Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw. C) All act on the tongue. D) All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.

C) All act on the tongue.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the total number of skeletal muscles in the human body? A) There are approximately the same number of muscles as bones: 206. B) There are approximately 350 muscles in the body. C) There are over 600 muscles in the body. D) If one considers the very tiny, insignificant muscles, there are over 1000 muscles in the body.

C) There are over 600 muscles in the body.

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh? A) tibialis posterior B) vastus lateralis C) adductor magnus D) gluteus maximus

C) adductor magnus

First-class levers ________. A) have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle B) are typified by tweezers or forceps C) in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location D) are the type found in the joints forming the ball of the foot as used in raising the body on the toes

C) in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location

A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n) ________. A) antagonist B) fixator C) synergist D) protagonist

C) synergist

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions? A) the triceps brachii B) the anconeus C) the brachioradialis D) the flexor digitorum profundus

C) the brachioradialis

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. When the term levator is part of the descriptive term for a muscleʹs action, this means that ________. A) the muscle flexes and rotates a region B) the muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint C) the muscle elevates and/or adducts a region D) the muscle functions as a synergist

C) the muscle elevates and/or adducts a region

The extensor digitorum longus has which type of fascicle arrangement? A) circular B) convergent C) unipennate D) bipennate

C) unipennate

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling called the ________. A) platysma B) masseter C) zygomaticus D) buccinator

D) buccinator

Which of the following does not compress the abdomen? A) internal oblique B) external oblique C) transversus abdominis D) coccygeus

D) coccygeus

Electromyography is the recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles.

TRUE

In a pennate muscle pattern ________. A) muscles appear to be straplike B) there is a narrow origin diverging to a broad insertion C) there is a broad origin and fascicles converge toward a single tendon D) muscles look like a feather

D) muscles look like a feather

Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis. A) serratus anterior B) zygomaticus C) platysma D) sternocleidomastoid

D) sternocleidomastoid

What is the major factor controlling the manner in which levers work? A) the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever B) the weight of the load C) the direction the load is being moved D) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

D) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon? A) the semitendinosus B) the sartorius C) the tibialis anterior D) the gastrocnemius

D) the gastrocnemius

What primarily determines the power of a muscle? A) the length B) the shape C) the number of neurons innervating it D) the total number of muscle cells available for contraction

D) the total number of muscle cells available for contraction

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants? A) the vastus intermedius B) the vastus medialis C) rectus femoris D) the vastus lateralis

D) the vastus lateralis

________ extends the great toe.

Extensor hallucis longus

A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.

FALSE

A prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction would be the deltoid.

FALSE

Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same.

FALSE

Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage.

FALSE

Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are instrumental in speech.

FALSE

Muscles that help to maintain posture are often called synergists.

FALSE

Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle.

FALSE

Severing of the patellar tendon would inactivate the hamstring group.

FALSE

The anconeus muscle flexes the knee and stabilizes the patella.

FALSE

The chewing muscle covering the ramus of the mandible is the buccinator.

FALSE

________ is the abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall.

Hernia

________ is the main chewing muscle.

Masseter

________ draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

Platysma

In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles would be used.

TRUE

The quadriceps femoris is composed of three vastus muscles and the ________.

rectus femoris

The ________ is known as the boxer muscle.

serratus anterior