Chp. 14 Openstax Microbiology

According to the text, how much of the earth is covered by water? 80% 70% 90% 60%

70%

Which of the following antibacterial drugs does not Inhibit biosynthesis of proteins? Macrolides Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides Bacitracin

Bacitracin

It is not important to spread the bacteria evenly here. (T/F)

False

These are 8 mm filter papers. (T/F)

False

This region is known as the "zone of inhibitors". (T/F)

False

_________________________ , the first synthetic antimicrobial created, served as the foundation for the chemical development of a family of sulfa drugs. Sulfanilamide Antimycobacterial Nitronamide Beta-Lactam

Sulfanilamide

This is known as a petri dish (or agar plate). (T/F)

True

Tweezers must be sterilized in 70% ethanol. (T/F)

True

Which of the following antibacterial drugs does not cell wall biosynthesis? cephalosporins carbapenems diarylquinoline penicillins

diarylquinoline

Which of the following is not a type of β-lactam antimicrobial? penicillins glycopeptides monobactams cephalosporins

glycopeptides

Which of the following combinations would most likely contribute to the development of a superinfection? short-term use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials short-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials long-term use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobials

long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials

Some drugs are dose dependent, meaning they are ___________ effective when administered in large doses to provide high levels for a short time at the site of infection. not less always more

more

The spectrum of activity of an antibacterial drug relates to diversity of targeted bacteria. A _____________ -spectrum antimicrobial targets only specific subsets of bacterial pathogens. narrow excise inclusive broad

narrow

Which of the following routes of administration would be appropriate and convenient for home administration of an antimicrobial to treat a systemic infection? intravenous parenteral topical oral

oral

What is the name of a drug that it selectively kills or inhibits the growth of microbial targets while causing minimal or no harm to the host? permeable toxicity non-selective toxicity selective toxicity non-premeable toxicity

selective toxicity

Which of the following terms refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to harm the target microbe without harming the host? spectrum of activity selective toxicity therapeutic level mode of action

selective toxicity

A scientist discovers that a soil bacterium he has been studying produces an antimicrobial that kills gram-negative bacteria. She isolates and purifies the antimicrobial compound, then chemically converts a chemical side chain to a hydroxyl group. When she tests the antimicrobial properties of this new version, she finds that this antimicrobial drug can now also kill gram-positive bacteria. The new antimicrobial drug with broad-spectrum activity is considered to be which of the following? semisynthetic synthetic natural resistant

semisynthetic

Which of the following antimicrobial drugs is synthetic? penicillin neomycin actinomycin sulfanilamide

sulfanilamide

What is the name given to a secondary infection in a patient having a preexisting infection? biinfection extrainfection superinfection suprainfection

superinfection

Which clinical situation would be appropriate for treatment with a narrow-spectrum antimicrobial drug? prophylaxis against infection after a surgical procedure treatment of a polymicrobic mixed infection in the intestine empiric therapy of pneumonia while waiting for culture results treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes

treatment of strep throat caused by culture identified Streptococcus pyogenes