Chp 16 Connect
How many Barr bodies would you expect to find in a cell from a person with the following genotype? XO
0
How many Barr bodies would you expect to find in a cell from a person with the following genotype? XY
0
How many Barr bodies would you expect to find in a cell from a person with the following genotype? XYY
0
How many Barr bodies would you expect to find in a cell from a person with the following genotype? XX
1
How many Barr bodies would you expect to find in a cell from a person with the following genotype? XXY
1
How many Barr bodies would you expect to find in a cell from a person with the following genotype? XXX
2
How many Barr bodies would you expect to find in a cell from a person with the following genotype? XXXY
2
You have available a dwarf male mouse with the genotype Igf-2m/Igf-2m and a dwarf female with the genotype Igf-2m/Igf-2. What is the minimum number of generations it would take to produce a normal male? Hint: mice inbreed happily.
2
Covalent addition to histone Change
Acetylation, Phosphorylation, Methylation
The inactive X chromosome in a human female somatic cell is called a ___
Barr body.
The symmetry break that occurs is due to localization of___ to one X chromosome.
CTCFs
Chromatin Remodeling Cis or Trans
Cis
Covalent Addition to DNA Cis or Trans
Cis
Covalent addition to histone Cis or Trans
Cis
Location of histone varient cis or trans
Cis
Can be the result of a transcription factor
Cis epigenetic mechanism
DNA Methylation
Cis epigenetic mechanism
X chromosome inactivation
Cis epigenetic mechanism
Cell type differentiation
Developmental
DNA Methylation during oogenesis
Developmental
Xist and Tsix
Developmental
The Igf-2 locus encodes a growth hormone called insulin-like growth factor 2. Igf-2 is an imprinted gene. The copy of the gene inherited from the father is active and the copy inherited from the mother is silenced. Igf-2 is the wild type allele. There is also a recessive allele Igf-2- The expression of the Igf-2- allele results in dwarf offspring. Two crosses are listed below. Match the cross with the expected phenotype of the offspring. 2. An Igf-2 Igf-2 female crossed with an Igf-2- Igf-2- male
Dwarf offspring
DNA Covalently modified by toxins
Environmental
Diet of Royal jelly creates queen bees
Environmental
Temperature causes histone modifications
Environmental
Coat color in mice is controlled only by dietary factors
F
Coat color in mice is only controlled by methylation of a promoter
F
Exposure of pregnant female mice to a specific diet will result in all progeny being pseudo-agouti phenotype
F
Location of histone varient change
Histone varients localized to specific locations
Which of the following is a mechanism to imprint genes?
Methylation of cytosine
Covalent Addition to DNA Change
Methylation on C
The Igf-2 locus encodes a growth hormone called insulin-like growth factor 2. Igf-2 is an imprinted gene. The copy of the gene inherited from the father is active and the copy inherited from the mother is silenced. Igf-2 is the wild type allele. There is also a recessive allele Igf-2- The expression of the Igf-2- allele results in dwarf offspring. Two crosses are listed below. Match the cross with the expected phenotype of the offspring. An Igf-2- Igf-2- female crossed with an Igf-2 Igf-2 male
Normal offspring
Chromatin Remodeling Change
Nucleosomes moved to new location
ORDER PRC2 catalyzes trimethylation Recruitment of PRC1 inhibits transcription through compaction, further modifcation of histones and interaction with transcription factors Trimethylation of Lysine 27 may directly inhibit transcription and recruit PRC1 PRE binding protein binds to PRE and recruits PRC2 to the site
PRE binding protein binds to PRE and recruits PRC2 to the site PRC2 catalyzes trimethylation Trimethylation of Lysine 27 may directly inhibit transcription and recruit PRC1 Recruitment of PRC1 inhibits transcription through compaction, further modifcation of histones and interaction with transcription factors
ORDER Recruitment of PRC1 inhibits transcription through compaction, further modifcation of histones and interaction with transcription factors PRE binding protein binds to PRE and recruits PRC2 to the site PRC2 catylizes trimethylation Trimethylation of Lysine 27 may directly inhibit transcription and recruit PRC1
PRE binding protein binds to PRE and recruits PRC2 to the site PRC2 catylizes trimethylation Trimethylation of Lysine 27 may directly inhibit transcription and recruit PRC1 Recruitment of PRC1 inhibits transcription through compaction, further modifcation of histones and interaction with transcription factors
Coat color in mice can be correlated with the amount of methylation of a transposable element
T
If the transposable element is not upstream from the Agouti allele there should be no influence of diet on coat color
T
The methylation of a TE promoter may influence coat color
T
Two phenotypically normal mice produce a single F1 male progeny that is also phenotypically normal. This F1 male is mated with an lgf-2/lgf-2 female and ½ of the progeny are dwarf. Where did the lgf-2- allele in the F2 progeny originate?
The parental generation female that had to have been heterozygous (lgf-2/lgf-2-)
Feedback loop cis or trans
Trans
Cell fusion results in both cell's genes being transcriptionally repressed
Trans epigenetic mechanism
Cell fusion results in no chance in transcription of one cell's genes
Trans epigenetic mechanism
Feedback loop change
Transcription factor stimulates own production
The definition of epigenetics is the study of mechanisms of heritable traits that ___ the result of changes in DNA sequence.
are not
Methylation in the sperm occurs by a ___ methylase
de novo
The ____ may also be methylated
differentially methylated region (DMR)
In___ inheritance the transmission of the trait may be based not on the allele but on which parent the allele comes from.
epigenetic
The inheritance of traits is sometimes the direct result of specific alleles being present or absent, but it can also be due to the ability of an allele to be___.
expressed
Binding of the CTCF proteins results in the chromosome ____
forming a loop
Imprinting at the Igf-2 locus may be initiated by methylation at a region between the H19 and Igf2 locus known as the ___
imprinting control region (ICR)
Although the Tsix transcript is produced by both X chromosomes the Xist transcript is only produced from the___ chromosome.
inactive
Presence of the xist transcript on the Xi chromosome results in the recruitment of___.
macroH2A
The active Igf-2 allele is inherited from the____
male
At least some genes are silenced on inactive X chromosomes by___.
methylation
In epigenetics, change can be due to____ of DNA.
methylation
The modifications made to DNA in epigenetics results in changes in___ association with the DNA.
protein
The selection of which chromosome is inactivated is a__ process.
random
Methylation of the sites around the Igf2 locus____ binding of the CTC binding factors
suppresses
The body size of a mouse can be controlled by the expression of the Igf-2 gene which can be regulated by imprinting. A dwarf female mouse is heterozygous for the lgf-2 gene (lgf-2/lgf-2-). You can conclude that
the lgf-2- allele came from the father.