Chp. 19 Section 19.2-19.5 Dynamic Study Molecule

Why is there a difference in the hematocrit between males and females?

Androgens stimulate red blood cell production and estrogens do not.

Lymphoid stem cells develop into ________________.

B cells and T cells

Which of the following types of white blood cells are involved in fighting off parasitic infections, such as flukes and roundworms?

Eosinophils

What is the specific term for the production of red blood cells?

Erythropoiesis

Which of the following is a notable feature of leukemia?

Excessive numbers of white blood cells

What type of molecules are the antigens found on our blood cells?

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the unusual shape of the red blood cell? Greater hemoglobin carrying capacity Increased surface-to-volume ratio Red blood cells can stack up on each other. They are flexible.

Greater hemoglobin carrying capacity

Which part of hemoglobin binds oxygen?

Heme

Which of the following is a substance released from basophils to prevent blood from clotting?

Heparin

Which type of granular leukocyte can engulf up to two dozen bacteria and also produces a respiratory burst that creates harsh chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide?

Neutrophil

If agglutinogen B meets with agglutinin anti-A, what is the result?

No agglutination occurs

Because the concentration of dissolved gases differs between the plasma and the tissue fluid, __________.

O2 will tend to diffuse from the plasma to the interstitial fluid, and CO2 will tend to diffuse in the opposite direction

The primary function of a mature red blood cell is which of the following?

Transport of respiratory gases

Which blood type can safely be transfused into a person with type O blood?

Type O

What type of blood is considered to be the "universal donor"?

Type O negative

Jessica has just moved from Orlando, Florida, to Denver, Colorado. What condition is she now experiencing that is stimulating the production of erythropoietin and, consequently, more red blood cells?

hypoxia caused by an increase in her elevation above sea level

Erythropoietin appears in the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to __________.

low oxygen concentrations

Myeloid stem cells develop into __________________.

megakaryocytes

Platelets are formed from large cells called __________.

megakaryocytes

Upon analyzing components of pus, one would typically find _________________.

neutrophils and cellular debris

Protein synthesis in a mature RBC occurs primarily __________.

nowhere; mature red blood cells cannot synthesize proteins

An abnormally low platelet count is called __________.

thrombocytopenia

One of the major substances that stimulates platelet formation is ________.

thrombopoietin

Which group of white blood cells are classified as granulocytes?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

In which pregnancy are an Rh-positive mom and an Rh-positive child at risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis?

No Pregnancy

If a person has type A blood, Rh surface antigens on the blood cells, and anti-B antibodies in the plasma, what is that person's blood type?

A-positive

Which of the following statements is false concerning T cells and B cells?

B cells differentiate into T cells and produce antibodies against foreign antigens.

What of the following types of blood would cause a cross-reaction when given to a person with type A-positive blood?

B-positive

Leucocytes or white blood cells fight infection. They have the ability to leave the bloodstream and enter a damaged or infected area. What is the name of this process of leaving the bloodstream?

Emigration or diapedesis

Megakaryocytes are specialized cells of the bone marrow that are responsible for __________.

formation of platelets

What is jaundice?

A yellowing of the skin and eyes

What type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut?

Neutrophil

A runny nose is one of the symptoms of allergy or a cold. Which cell is responsible for causing the runny nose?

Basophils

What is the primary site of erythropoiesis in an adult?

Bone Marrow

Which of the following is NOT a surface antigen that is used in determining blood type? C A B Rh

C

Which type of white blood cell includes the B and T cells, which are responsible for humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Lymphocyte

Nonspecific defenses do not discriminate between one type of threat or another. The specific immune response will provide a counterattack against specific types of invading pathogens. What cell type is responsible for specific defense?

Lymphocytes

Which type of white blood cell circulates in the blood for about 24 hours before entering the tissues and differentiating into a macrophage?

Monocyte

Which blood cell is responsible for carrying out immune surveillance?

Natural killer cells

What does the term thrombocytopoiesis mean?

Platelet production

What is the term for the characteristic of white blood cells in which they are attracted to a specific chemical stimulus?

Positive chemotaxis

Where are red blood cells produced in an adult?

Red Bone marrow

Red blood cells have a limited lifespan and then are phagocytized by macrophages in the liver, spleen and red bone marrow. What happens to the iron in the heme group of RBCs?

The iron will be either stored in the liver or transported back to the red bone marrow to be incorporated into new hemoglobin.

What is hematocrit?

The percentage of formed elements in whole blood.

Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets? They release chemicals to destroy bacteria. They initiate blood clotting. They patch damaged vessels. They reduce the size of a break in a vessel.

They release chemicals to destroy bacteria.

How do basophils respond to an injury?

They release histamine and heparin.

The number of eosinophils increases dramatically during __________.

an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection

During RBC recycling, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to __________.

biliverdin

Agglutinogens are contained on the __________, whereas the agglutinins are found in the __________.

cell membrane of the RBC; plasma

Signs of iron-deficiency anemia include __________.

decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and O2-carrying capacity

Reticulocytes are nucleated immature cells that develop into mature __________.

erythrocytes

Circulating mature RBCs lack __________.

ribosomes nuclei mitochondria