CHP 3 NUT

Which of the following does NOT correctly identify a function of fluids produced by the listed organ? A. liver—carbohydrate digestion B. salivary glands—lubrication C. pancreas—neutralization of gastric acid D. stomach—protein unfolding

A. liver—carbohydrate digestion

Which of the following choices CORRECTLY identifies a food as either a prebiotic or a probiotic? A. whole-grain rye bread—probiotic B. buttermilk—probiotic C. yogurt—prebiotic D. miso—prebiotic

B. buttermilk—probiotic

There is essentially no absorption of _____ in the large intestine. A. water B.fats C. carbohydrates D. electrolytes

C. carbohydrates

The majority of mechanical digestion occurs in: A. the mouth. B. the large intestine. C. the stomach. D. the small intestine.

C. the stomach.

What is an enzyme? A. a protein molecule that speeds up chemical reactions in the body B. a protein molecule that can work on several different compounds to alter their shape or size C. a protein molecule found in food that aids in digesting that specific food D. a chemical substance that acts as a messenger to control and regulate body processes

A. a protein molecule that speeds up chemical reactions in the body Correct. Enzymes catalyze, or speed up, chemical reactions in the body.

Why is active transport necessary to move glucose molecules from digested food into the cells? A. Glucose is absorbed into the lymphatic system, which requires active transport. B. Glucose is found both in the intestinal lumen and inside of cells, meaning it moves against a concentration gradient. C. Glucose moves with the concentration gradient but requires an embedded protein to move into the cell. D. Glucose is used for energy; therefore, some of the energy is used to move glucose into cells.

B. Glucose is found both in the intestinal lumen and inside of cells, meaning it moves against a concentration gradient. Correct. Glucose moves against the concentration gradient since it is already found inside the cells for energy.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of peristalsis? A. It begins in the esophagus and ends in the rectum. B. Its primary responsibility is to mix the contents in the GI tract with digestive fluids. C. It involves the contraction of both circular and longitudinal muscles. D. It involves rhythmic, wavelike contractions.

B. Its primary responsibility is to mix the contents in the GI tract with digestive fluids.

Which of the following is NOT true of bacteria in the large intestine? A. They make up the majority of the dry weight of feces. B. Probiotics assist in absorbing carbohydrates and amino acids. C. They produce short-chain fatty acids as they break down dietary fiber. D. They produce a few vitamins.

B. Probiotics assist in absorbing carbohydrates and amino acids.

Which snack is the BEST source of prebiotics? A. plain bagel with cream cheese B. miso soup C. whole-grain toast with chickpea hummus D. Greek yogurt with honey

C. whole-grain toast with chickpea hummus Correct. Foods such as whole grains, beans, vegetables, and fruits are good sources of prebiotics, such as soluble fiber.

7. Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes? A. All enzymes are proteins. B. Enzymes are reused over and over again. C. Enzymes that digest proteins cannot digest carbohydrates. D. Enzymes are unaffected by acidic conditions.

D. Enzymes are unaffected by acidic conditions.

Which of the following correctly matches a digestive enzyme with its action on a nutrient? A. Leptin is responsible for lipid digestion. B. Salivary amylase acts on triglycerides. C. Lipase breaks cholesterol down into smaller components. D. Pepsin aids in protein digestion.

D. Pepsin aids in protein digestion. Correct. Pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the circulatory system and its transport of nutrients? A. Lymph empties into the blood just before the blood reaches the heart. B. Most fats enter the lymphatic system after they are absorbed. C. Nutrients that leave the small intestine via blood are delivered first to the liver. D. Water-soluble nutrients leave the small intestine via lymph.

D. Water-soluble nutrients leave the small intestine via lymph.

Which transport mechanism moves nutrients against a concentration gradient from lower to higher and requires both a carrier protein and ATP? A. facilitated diffusion B. simple diffusion C. reverse osmosis D. active transport

D. active transport Correct. Active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient.

Absorption occurs when nutrients and other substances: A. pass from the stomach to the small intestine. B. are removed from the lumen of the GI tract to enter the bloodstream only. C. are removed from the large intestine. D. are removed from the lumen of the GI tract to enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

D. are removed from the lumen of the GI tract to enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

Which of the following is the correct order of the body's organization from smallest to largest? A. tissues, cells, organ systems, organs B. organ systems, organs, tissues, cells C. organ systems, tissues, organs, cells D. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

D. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Adam started taking probiotic supplements. Adam can expect the health benefits of: A. reduced calorie absorption. B. increased vitamin C synthesis. C. rapid transit of gastrointestinal contents. D.increased mineral absorption. Correct. One of the health benefits of probiotics is increased mineral absorption from foods.

D.increased mineral absorption. Correct. One of the health benefits of probiotics is increased mineral absorption from foods.

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion? A. Amino acids move from an area of high concentration to the lower concentration into the cell via an embedded protein. B. water crosses the membrane, moving against the concentration gradient. C. Glucose is moved into cells using a transport protein and energy. D. Lipid moves freely from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration in the cell.

A. Amino acids move from an area of high concentration to the lower concentration into the cell via an embedded protein. Correct. This is an example of facilitated diffusion.

How are muscular contractions involved in digestion? A. Both peristalsis and segmentation involve the contraction of the circular muscles. B. Uncoordinated longitudinal muscle contractions propel food forward throughout the gastrointestinal tract. C. Both peristalsis and segmentation involve the contraction of longitudinal muscles. D. Coordinated circular muscle contractions gently slosh and mix fluid and digestive juices around.

A. Both peristalsis and segmentation involve the contraction of the circular muscles. Correct. Peristalsis involves both circular and longitudinal muscles, whereas segmentation involves only circular muscles.

Which of the following is NOT true of celiac disease? A. Celiac disease only affects the small intestine. B. Corn and rice are grains that can be safely consumed by those with celiac disease. C. Celiac disease is caused by sensitivity to the protein gluten found in several grains. D. Celiac disease destroys the villi of the small intestine.

A. Celiac disease only affects the small intestine.

What is the role of segmentation in the digestive process? A. Segmentation mixes the contents of the intestines with digestive juices. B. Segmentation is the process by which the bolus is moved through the esophagus to the stomach. C. Segmentation mechanically breaks up solid chyme into segments, exposing more surface area to digestive enzymes. D. Segmentation propels food forward in the intestines.

A. Segmentation mixes the contents of the intestines with digestive juices. Correct. Segmentation mixes the watery contents of digested food with digestive juices.

Which statement is NOT true regarding the body's organization from the smallest to the largest? A. The small intestine is a tissue that makes up an organ. B. Cells are the smallest functional unit of living organisms. C. Tissues are a collection of cells that have similar origin. D. The gastrointestinal system is an example of an organ system.

A. The small intestine is a tissue that makes up an organ.

All of the following about gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are true EXCEPT: A. symptoms are controlled by eating large meals. B. untreated GERD increases the risk of developing certain cancers or other complications. C. it is accompanied by inflammation and/or erosion of the esophageal lining. D. GERD is caused by a recurrent backflow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus.

A. symptoms are controlled by eating large meals.

Based on an understanding of enzymes and digestion, how does the enzyme protease aid in digesting protein? A. Protease transmits signals to the stomach to secrete stomach acid to aid in protein digestion. B. Protease breaks apart the chemical bond that holds amino acids together, creating smaller peptide compounds. C. Protease takes two fragments of proteins and binds them together to create a larger compound. D. Protease emulsifies protein into the digestive juices, preparing it for absorption.

B. Protease breaks apart the chemical bond that holds amino acids together, creating smaller peptide compounds. Correct. Protease breaks apart protein into smaller peptide compounds by breaking the chemical bond between amino acids.

Which of the following is NOT true about the small intestine? A. Brush border enzymes complete the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins prior to absorption. B. The duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum are sections of the small intestine. c. Together the circular folds, villi, and microvilli provide an enormous surface area to enhance absorption. D. The small intestine is the primary site for digestion and absorption

B. The duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum are sections of the small intestine.

Prebiotics favor the growth and replication of beneficial bacteria over pathogenic bacteria because prebiotics: A. directly inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, allowing beneficial bacteria to thrive. B. are nutrients that beneficial bacteria consume but pathogenic bacteria do not. D. increase the acidity of the intestines, which favors the growth of beneficial bacteria over pathogenic bacteria. C. are beneficial bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract, competing for space with pathogenic bacteria

B. are nutrients that beneficial bacteria consume but pathogenic bacteria do not. Correct. Prebiotics are nutrients beneficial bacteria consume, favoring their proliferation.

While research is still being conducted to identify beneficial species of bacteria, two species, _____ and _____, are known to be beneficial. A. Lactobacillus sp.; Escherichia sp. B. Bifidobacterium sp.; Enterococcus sp. C. Lactobacillus sp.; Bifidobacterium sp. Correct. Research has found several health benefits associated with both the Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. bacteria. D. Bifidobacterium sp.; Staphylococcus sp.

C. Lactobacillus sp.; Bifidobacterium sp. Correct. Research has found several health benefits associated with both the Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. bacteria.

Which of the following is TRUE of transporters? A. Facilitated diffusion is the only transport mechanism that can transport substances against a concentration gradient. B. Water is only transported across membranes by simple diffusion. C. The only transport mechanism that requires energy is active transport. D. Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion both require proteins to move substances across membranes.

C. The only transport mechanism that requires energy is active transport

What is peristalsis? A. the process through which nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system B. a series of uncoordinated contractions that propel food forward in the gastrointestinal tract C. muscular contractions that move food forward throughout the gastrointestinal tract D. the action primarily responsible for mixing digested nutrients with digestive juices

C. muscular contractions that move food forward throughout the gastrointestinal tract Correct. Peristalsis is primarily responsible for the propulsive motion of food through the gastrointestinal tract

Which of the following CORRECTLY matches an organ of the digestive system with one of its primary functions? A. stomach—produces and releases amylase B. gallbladder—produces bile that aids in protein digestion C. pancreas—produces enzymes that digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates D. salivary glands—produce and secrete a protease

C. pancreas—produces enzymes that digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates

When you eat a cheeseburger, the burger, cheese, and bun are broken down into tiny particles, releasing nutrients and other food components. This process is called: A. excretion. B. absorption. C. ingestion. D. digestion.

D. digestion.

Which of the following CORRECTLY matches the digestive disorder with its description and/or cause? A. diverticular disease—swollen and inflamed veins in the anus and lower rectum B. hemorrhoids—the formation of pouches in the lining of the GI tract C. acid reflux—the pyloric sphincter relaxes and allows gastric acid into the esophagus D. inflammatory bowel disease—may cause open wounds (ulcers) to develop in the GI tract

D. inflammatory bowel disease—may cause open wounds (ulcers) to develop in the GI tract

Which organ of the GI tract has villi? A. small and large intestines B. esophagus C. large intestine D. small intestine

D. small intestine

The majority of chemical digestion occurs in the: A. large intestine. B. mouth. C. stomach. D. small intestine.

D. small intestine.