Chp 7 review questions

Define interviewer bias

intentional or unintentional influence exerted by an interviewer in such a way that the actual or interpreted behavior of respondents is consistent with the interviewers expectations

compare the different questionnaires, interview, and internet survey administration methods.

mail surveys can easily be left aside and forgotten, internet surveys are immediately sent to the researcher, interviews have higher response rates

How does sample size affect the interpretation of survey results?

A larger sample size will reduce the size of the confidence interval

Distinguish between probability and non probability sampling techniques? What are the implications of each?

In probability sampling, each member of the population has a specifiable probability of being chosen. In non-probability sampling, we don't know the probability of any particular member of the population being chosen. Even though non-probability samples have more potential sources of bias than probability samples, there are many reasons why they are used and should be evaluated positively

What is a social desirability response set?

It leads the individual to answer in the most socially acceptable way-the way that "most people" are perceived to respond or the way that would reflect most favorably on the person

What are some factors to take into consideration when constructing questions for surveys (including both questions and response alternatives)?

Question wording, Simplicity, double barreled questions, loaded questions, negative wording, yea-saying, and nay-saying. Closed versus open-ended, number of response alternatives, rating scales

Why don't researchers who want to test hypotheses about the relationships between variables worry a great deal about random sampling?

because most psychological research is focused on studying the relationships between variables even though the sample may be biased

Distinguish between haphazard and quota sampling

haphazard - When a researcher chooses individuals who are easiest to reach. First form of nonprobability sampling. quota- A sampling procedure in which the sample is chosen to reflect the numerical composition of various subgroups in the population. A haphazard sampling technique is used to obtain the sample.

What is a survey? Describe some research questions you might address with a survey?

questionnaires and interviews to ask people to provide information about themselves. attitudes and beliefs, facts and demographics, behaviors

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using questionnaires versus interviews in a survey?

questionnaires are generally less costly than interviews, allows the participant to be anonymous however they require that the participant be able to read an understand the questions and some questions might be left unanswered

Distinguish between simple random, stratified random, and cluster sampling.

simple random - every member of the population has an equal probability of being selected for the sample stratified- Population divided into subgroups (strata) and random samples taken from each strata Cluster- A probability sampling method in which existing groups or geographic areas, called clusters, are identified. Clusters are randomly sampled and then everyone in the selected clusters participates in the study.