Chp. 9 Practice Questions

A disease caused by HIV infection; results in irreparable damage to the immune system:

AIDS

Infection by HIV can eventually lead to the development of a condition called ________, which is diagnosed when the T helper cell count drops below ________.

AIDS; 200

Which setting has the shortest time span for air refreshment - in other words, which setting has the most frequent air exchange with fresh air?

Airplane cabin.

An inappropriate response to a nonpathogenic substance:

Allergy

Which of the following act(s) as a neighborhood watch group, looking for specific invaders in the blood or other fluids that have compromised the first two lines of defense?

Antibody-mediated Immunity

Which one type of cells is responsible for producing and releasing antibodies?

B lymphocytes (Or B-cells)

Once a prion enters a nerve cell, it essentially:

Becomes self-propagating, causing misfolding of nearby normal proteins.

Why are children more likely to pick up germs in public places?

Children tend to be more tactile, and may not wash their hands as often as they should.

Which of the following would be the best experimental design for a study looking at the effect of hand-washing on the incidence of acquiring an infectious disease?

Choose a setting where a large number of people consistently spend time, such as an office building. Randomly assign everyone to one of two groups. Ask one group to wash their hands every hour, and ask the other group to avoid washing their hands except when truly necessary. Compare the incidence of infectious disease between the two groups over a period of months or years.

Ebola virus can be transmitted via:

Direct contact with bodily fluids of an infected person.

Which of the following leukocytes is most likely to be directly involved in the destruction of flukes (a parasitic flatworm)?

Eosinophils.

T/F Viral infections can usually be treated with antibiotics.

False.

Which of the following would be the best experimental design for a study looking at the risk of getting an infectious disease from using public transportation?

Follow a very large set of people in order to reduce the effect of socioeconomic status. One group is comprised of people who frequently use public transportation, and the other group never uses public transportation. Compare the incidence of infectious disease between the two groups. Collect data without telling the participants too much about the study, so that they do not alter their normal behaviors.

In an airplane, from whom are you most likely to acquire a cold or flu virus?

From a sick person sitting next to you.

Which of the following represents the first line of defense against unwanted pathogens?

Intact Skin

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks:

Its own connective tissue.

An autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue:

Lupus (Erythematosus)

The two major types of phagocytic cells are the ________ and the ________.

Neutrophils, macrophages.

Bacteria are classified as ________ cells because they do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic

Malaria is caused by a ________ of the genus Plasmodium and requires two hosts, ________ and ________, to complete its life cycle.

Protozoan; mosquito; human.

In the RNA virus (such as the one illustrated in the tutorial), what is the role of reverse transcriptase?

Reverse transcriptase copies RNA to make DNA.

An autoimmune disorder affecting the synovial membrane of the joints:

Rheumatoid Arthritis

An inherited disorder characterized by insufficient numbers of lymphocytes to fight an infection:

SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease)

When speaking of malarial gametocytes, we can say that ________.

Some of the parasites in the blood differentiate into male and female gametocytes and are picked up by another mosquito to complete their life cycle.

In the example given in the tutorial, how did new viral particles exit the cell?

The RNA and proteins are assembled inside the host cell. These new viruses then bud off.

In the mock-up of an airplane cabin, there were heated yellow bags where people would normally sit. Why?

The bags are added to create an experimental model that would be most similar to an actual plane full of people.

When discussing the sequence of events in the body of the mosquito, which of the following can we say?

The gametocytes head for the gut, unite to form a zygote, migrate to the outer wall of the intestine, and are released to the salivary gland.

When speaking of the anatomy of a virus, we can say that ________.

The genome is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid, which may or may not be surrounded by an envelope.

What happens when a mosquito infected with malaria bites a human?

The larval parasites flow from the salivary gland of the mosquito into the blood of the human and head for the human liver.

Which statement about the genome of the virus is FALSE?

The viral genome includes neither DNA nor RNA.

Of the events listed below, which one occurs last?

The virus replicates.

Which one of the following best explains why people get so many colds in their lifetime?

The viruses that cause colds evolve rapidly, which results in a change in their antigenic structure.

What is the major method of transmission of infectious disease when using public transportation?

Touching surfaces that sick people have touched.

When a person is infected with Plasmodium vivax, that person undergoes chills and fever about every ________ hours. This event corresponds with the ________.

48; release of the parasite from the red blood cells