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Who argued in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) that abstract principles like "liberty" and "rights" were no foundation on which to form a government

Edmund Burke

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guaranteed

Equality before the law (all "men are born and remain free and equal in rights)

In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, the National Assembly restored order by

Abolishing all of the old noble and church privileges

Which of these best describes the composition of Napoleon's Grand Empire?

An enlarged France, a number satellite kingdoms, and the independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia

The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that

Broadened women's rights to seek divorce and inherit property.

In the summer of 1789, the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by

By revolutionary actions by French peasants and the common people of Paris.

Napoleon's Continental System had which economic effect?

French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britian

When liberals in the late eighteenth century called for equality, they were primarily concerned with equality for

Gaining Freedom, so it must be Economic Equaility

Louis XV damaged the sense of his sacred authority by

He allowed his common-born mistress to exert tremendous cultural and political influence

How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?

He appealed both to disillusioned revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high poss in the expanding centralized state

Which statement was true of Napoleon Bonaparte?

He had a very personal an highly centralized military command

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe to the French Revolution change over the Revolution's first two years?

Initially pleased by France's weakening, then threatened by its radical message.

How did the National Assembly respond to the hopes and expectations of Saint-Domingue's different social groups?

It frustrated the hopes of all the different social groups.

After the arrest and deportation of Toussaint L'Ouverture, how was the war of Haitian independence resolved?

Jean-Jacques Dessalines, L'Ouverture's lieutenant, led the resistance to a crushing victory over the French and later declared Haitian independence.

Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), the latter a founding text of the feminist movement?

Mary Wollstonecraft,

The string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-94 was largely due to

Patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft.

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?

The Concordat gave Catholics freedom to worship freely.

Which factor caused the life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain?

The Girondists' more moderate policies

Which two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code?

The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property.

As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to women's political activity?

The jacobins took actions to suppress women's participation in political debate, which the perceived as disorderly and a distraction from their proper place in the home.

The attack on the Bastille had which political effect?

The king's plans to reassert his authority were forestalled, permitting the National Assembly to continue its work.

The abbé Sieyès considered the third estate

The true strength of the french nation

Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor?

They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed

Why did the Antifederalists oppose the new American Constitution proposed by the Constitutional Convention?

They feared for the individual freedoms for which they had fought

How did French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

They presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class, but plundered the land

How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General or National Assembly?

They were younger and less cautious; many joined political clubs

Why did the British decide to stop fighting the Americans at Yorktown in 1781 and to offer such favorable terms to the Americans in Paris in 1783

To cut their losses and end a war that had gone global

In the eighteenth century, many liberal thinkers believed that representative institutions could defend the liberty and interests of the people. In terms of political practice, this meant that

Voting for representatives would be restricted to men of property

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?

governments success in harnessing the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism in a total war effort.

Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution?

independence of the American colonies and granted the Americans control of the western territory from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River.

According to Olympe de Gouges,

men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law

Which event occurred during the Hundred Days in France?

nepoleon returned from exile to rule france breifly.

Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

popular pressure. Several thousand Parisian women

The legal definition of the composition of the prerevolutionary third estate included

primarily. lawyers and government officals.

Which of these was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

provided defense for the nation against its foreign and domestic enemies and to oversee the other parts of France's executive government

The Loyalist faction in the American Revolution

tended to be wealthy and politically moderate

How did America's Constitutional Convention of 1787 deal with the discord between pro- and antislavery delegates?

that an enslaved person would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of taxation and proportional representation in the House of Representatives.

In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on

the interest on the accumulated debt

Between 1789 and 1791, the National Assembly passed legislation to undermine the power of

the monarchy and aristocracy, aiming to establish a more egalitarian and representative system.

Why did Great Britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760s?

they still had to pay for the war with the French and had to pay for that standing army

Why did the French commissioners sent by the newly elected National Convention to Saint-Domingue abolish slavery in 1793?

they were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English forces on the island.

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?

war was a response to economic problems. Large, victorious armies reduced unemployment at home.