Christian Scriptures-Dodson: Exam 3

ego eimi

"I am, or I myself am"

Saying on the cross in Mark

"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"

Saying on the cross in Matthew

"My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"

Early Christianity represented another group within Judaism, known as ___ _____

"The Way"

Important Formula ending in Matthew:

"and when Jesus finished..."

the word synoptic means

"seen together"

Main significance of the Interpretive center

"the way of the Lord" becomes defined in terms of suffering

Saying(s) on the cross in Luke

- "Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing" (23:34) - "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise" (23:43) - "Father, into your hands I commend my spirit"

Saying(s) on the cross in John

- "Woman, here is your son..Here is your mother." - "I am thirsty." - "It is finished."

State the Nature of the Gospels: (6 bullets of Jesus' life)

- A Galilean Jew of the early first century, born sometime between 7 and 4 BCE. - Baptized by John the Baptist - Mission and ministry centered on the Kingdom of God - teachings, miracles, and associations. - About 30 CE, a messianic entry into Jerusalem for the Passover festival and a disturbance in the Temple. - Arrested by Jewish high priest, Caiaphas, who recommended execution to the Roman governor Pilate. - Pilate ordered the execution (crucifixion) of Jesus.

Forced Hellenization did 4 things. Name the 4 things:

- Forbid torah practices: circumcision, Sabbath observance, and dietary practices - Destroyed Jewish Scriptures - Forbid offerings and sacrifices to Yahweh - Mandated offerings and sacrifices to Greek deities

What is meant by a "Scriptural" beginning in Luke's Gospel?

- chapters 1-2 reflect and imitate the Jewish scriptures. - The story of Jesus is a continuation of the story of Israel. Still reading the Jewish scriptures

Structure of Mark:

1. Mark 1-8 2. Mark 9-16

Matthew Infancy Narrative: (5 Parts)

1.) Angel appears to Joseph in a dream 2.) threat of Herod 3.) flight to Egypt after birth 4.) Star and the Magi 5.) Ominous beginning

3 Main aspects of Ancient Biographies:

1.) Faith perspective 2.) Intended to teach followers (imitation) 3.) Capture the essence of subject

Luke Infancy Narrative: (5 parts)

1.) Gabriel appears to Mary while awake 2.) Tax of Quirinis 3.) stable, clothes and manger 4.) angels and shepherds 5.) joyous beginning

3 Similarities between Moses and Jesus:

1.) Josephus' tradition about Moses: in a dream God tells Moses' father, "he shall deliver the Hebrew nation from the distress they are under from the Egyptians" (Ant. 2.216). Matthew's tradition about Jesus: in a dream God tells Jesus' father, "he will save his people from their sins" (Matt. 1:21). 2.) Moses was on the mountain "forty days and forty nights; he did not eat bread or drink water" (Ex. 34:28). Jesus was in the desert and "fasted forty days and forty nights and became hungry" (Matt. 4:2). 3.) Moses, giving of Torah on Mt. Sinai; Jesus, interpretation of Torah on a mountain.

Structure of John's Gospel

1.) Prologue (cosmic beginning) 2.) "Book of Signs" 3.) "Book of Glory" 4.) Epilogue

2nd division of Matthew

10 miracle stories discourse 2: missionary discourse

How long after Jesus' death were the Gospels written?

35-70 years

Structure of genealogy of Jesus in Matthew

3x14 Abraham > David David > Babylon Babylon > the Messiah

The Gospel of Matthew contains ___ ________ _________ based on the expression "and when Jesus finished..."

5 major divisions

How many signs are there in John?

7

What year was the temple in Jerusalem destroyed by the Romans?

70

Who do Zechariah and Elizabeth parallel from the OT?

Abraham and Sarah

"God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power; . . . he went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him" (Acts 10:38).

Acts serves as commentary

Began a Campaign of forced Hellenization

Antiochus Epiphanes

"true disciple", he was a man who placed his faith deeply in Jesus without hesitation and Jesus healed him

Bartimaeus

Ending of Luke

Disciples in the temple praising God

sectarian group, purity concerns, community discipline; connected with Dead Sea scrolls

Essenes

The practice of Jesus silencing the confessions by demons (1:23-25, 34; 3:11-12), those healed (1:43-45; 5:43; 7:36; 8:26), and the disciples (8:30; 9:9).

Excursus: The "Messianic Secret"

Who does Mary parallel?

Hannah

client ruler of Galilee

Herod

1st division of Matthew

Inauguration of ministry: discourse 1: sermon on the mount

How is the healing of the blind man in Mark 8:22-26 significant?

It takes two tries; one can compare the blind man to the disciples because they do not see Jesus clearly enough to understand what kind of messiah he really is

"in-fleshed" pre-existent Word who was with God before creation, who was the agent of creation, and who is the agent of "eternal" life.

Jesus in the manner of Wisdom

Moses typology in Matthew:

Jesus is the new Moses! many similarities between the two of them and their ministries

What was the "Great commission" in Matthew?

Jesus tells the disciples to go forth and baptize people and teach what he has taught and to remember that he is always with them.

Ending of Mark

Jesus tells the disciples to go out into the world and proclaim his Word

Ending of Matthew

Jesus tells them to go out and teach, reminds them that he will always be with them

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through him, and without him not one thing came into being." (Found in?)

John

high priest in Jerusalem

Joseph Caiaphas

Which Gospel includes Jesus going to Herod?

Luke

"Now this man acquired a field with the reward of his wickedness; and falling headlong (or swelling up), he burst open in the middle and all his bowels gushed out" (Acts 1:18).

Luke's account of Judas' death

"Since many have undertaken to compile a narrative" (found in?)

Luke: formal preface

"concerning the events that have been fulfilled among us" - relation to the history of Israel (found in?)

Luke: formal preface

"he has anointed me" (found where, what purpose does it have?)

Luke; messianic emphasis

Climaxes with Peter's confession, "You are the Christ" (8:29)

Mark 1-8

Jesus the "Sower" (word and deed) of the Kingdom of God

Mark 1-8

Set in and around Galilee

Mark 1-8

The "Interpretive Center" of the Gospel of Mark:

Mark 8:22 - 10:52

Climaxes with centurion's confession, "Truly this man was the son of God" (15:39)

Mark 9-16

Jesus the suffering Messiah/Son of God

Mark 9-16

Set on the way to and in Jerusalem

Mark 9-16

Dreams serve as a form of divine guidance and protection primarily in which gospel?

Matthew

Which Gospel includes the women in the genealogy?

Matthew

"The tombs were opened, and many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised. After his resurrection they came out of the tombs and entered the holy city and appeared to many"

Matthew 27:52-53

When Judas, his betrayer, saw that Jesus was condemned, he repented and brought back the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and the elders. He said, "I have sinned by betraying innocent blood." But they said, "What is that to us? See to it yourself." Throwing down the pieces of silver in the temple, he departed; and he went and hanged himself.

Matthew's account of Judas' death

to counter accusations that Jesus was not raised from the dead but that his body was stolen

Matthew's apologetic purpose

Synoptic Gospels:

Matthew, Mark and Luke

Are there any parables in the Gospel of John?

NO

Structure of Mark's Gospel:

Narrative structure: - Dramatic, Opening Prologue - 1:1-15 - Ministry in and around Galilee: powerful in word and deed - 1:14—8:26 - Interpretive Center - 8:22—10:52. - Ministry on the way to and in Jerusalem: the suffering messiah/son of God - 10:32—15:47 - Dramatic, Open-ended Conclusion - 16:1-8

-Good Samaritan -Prodigal son -rich man and lazarus

Parables found in Luke

purity concerns for daily life; both written torah and oral traditions interpreting torah are authoritative

Pharisees

perfect (governor) of Judea

Pontius Pilate

What is the foundational motif of Luke-Acts?

Promise and fulfillment

Ending of John

Purpose of Gospel is stated, ends with Peter's restoration and the "Beloved disciple's" testimony

A hypothetical source composed of Matthew and Luke

Q

"The Spirit of the Lord is upon me" (found where, reference to what?)

Reference to Holy Spirit in Luke

1. "I made the first book, O Theophilus, about everything that Jesus began to do and to teach until the day when—after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit to the apostles whom he chose—he was taken up" (Acts 1:1-2). (found in? significance?)

Relates Luke to Acts

wealthy aristocrats connected with Temple (high priest); Roman corroborators

Sadducees

Israelite descendants

Samaritans

Luke consciously adopts the style and diction of the ____________

Septuagint

what empowers the ministry of Jesus in Luke?

The Holy Spirit

The challenge to explain the relationship between the Synoptic Gospels

The Synoptic Problem

"The year of the Lord's favor"

The year of Jubilee

Structure of Matthew

Thematic Inclusio: Begins with Jesus' birth, ends with resurrected Jesus restating he will always be there

Who does Luke acknowledge in his formal preface?

Theophilus

revolutionary group against Roman rule in the 60s; First Jewish Revolt (66-73);

Zealots

The Interpretive Center is structured around... - - -

a. Jesus' passion predictions b. Disciples' misunderstanding c. Jesus' teaching about the true nature of discipleship.

The Gospels are __________ _____________, expressing Evangelists'—and their respective communities'—particular beliefs about the theological significance of Jesus.

ancient biographies

Political purpose of Messianic Secret:

attempt to reinterpret mission of the messiah

What is the significance of the 5 major divisions of Matt?

corresponds to the 5 books of Moses, Jesus is the new Moses

Theological purpose of Messianic Secret:

deflect emphasis from Jesus' miracles to Jesus' suffering

conclusion in Mark is

dramatic and open-ended

3rd division of Matthew

growing opposition discourse 3: teaching in parables

Apologetic purpose of Messianic secret:

he kept it a secret for defense

Both explanations of the Messianic Secret are _________ ___ ________

historical in nature

In the Gospel of John, rather than telling parables, Jesus ___________

is the parables

In regards to the Book of Signs, what are "signs?"

miracles

4th division of Matthew

miracles and disciples discourse 4: community instructions

Common beliefs during the time of the Gospels included...

monotheism, divine election, centrality of torah, Temple

In Matthew, it is called the sermon on the _________, and Jesus uses the six ___________ to give the people the ____________.

mount; antitheses; beatitudes

What are the Gospels based on?

oral traditions and some written sources

The Gospels are known as "_________" of Jesus rather than "__________"

portraits; photographs

Why does Matthew employ a Moses typology to portray Jesus?

portray Jesus as the divinely appointed, authoritative prohet-teacher, whose teachings are to be passed on and lived out by the church.

Where does the Gospel of Matthew begin and end?

the Temple

In Luke, what is significant about Jesus' time at the Nazareth synagogue?

this is the public announcement of Jesus' messianic vocation and statement of his ministry

5th division of Matthew

to and in Jerusalem discourse 5: apocalyptic discourse

What is the most important sign in John?

when Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead