Circulatory system
What are the two anatomical structures that determine the heart rate?
Sinoatrial node and artioventricular node
What causes the sound of the heart?
Systole and diastole
Myocardium
The thickest portion of the heart wall, contracts and pumps blood
Diastole
The heart relaxing and filling with blood
Trace the steps in blood clotting*
Vessel is ruptured and special chemicals are released, platelets begin to stick to each other, platelet plug seals ruptured vessel
Draw the heart
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Systole
Contraction of the heart muscle
What can be determined by an EKG?
Defect in the conduction system or structure of the heart
What are the components of blood?
55%plasma, 44% red blood cells! and 1% white blood cells and platelets
Blood plasma
90% water and 10% protein
Thrombus
An abnormal clot that forms within a blood vessel, may cause severe illness or death
List the hearts valves. Describe their action
Atrioventricular valve- Between the atrium and the ventricle in each half of the heart Semilunar valve- Located at the exits of the ventricles, have three cup-shaped membrane
Atrioventricular valves
Between the atrium and the ventricle in each half of the heart
Agglutinate
Blood clumping together
Atrioventricular node
Brief pause to allow for proper emptying of blood from the atrium
Blood type
Determined by the presence or absence of protein or carbohydrate molecules in the membrane of the erythrocytes
List and describe three layers of the hearts wall
Epicardium- Outermost layer of the heart composed of connective tissue that is tightly attached to the muscular tissue of the heart Myocardium- The thickest portion of the heart wall, contracts and pumps blood Endocardium- Lines the mica radium with epithelial tissue, prevents blood from saturating the myocardium
Describe the shape, size, structure, and function of (A) an erythrocyte and (B) a leukocyte
Erythrocyte- Non-nucleated; biconcave discs; roughly 8 um in diameter; contains hemoglobin, red in color; transports O,2 to cells; removes CO,2 from cells Leukocyte- Nucleated; 9-25 um in diameter; varied shapes; cytoplasm appears granulated in dome; clear (white); fights infection by phagocytosis and production of antibodies (depending on type of leukocyte)
Coagulation
Formulation of a blood clot occurring from a complex biochemical pathway that involves multiple interdependent reactions, enzymes, and coenzymes
Cardiac cycle
Heartbeat, a complete contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle
Heart
Hollow muscular organ that has been described as a four chambered, double barreled blood pump
Embolus
If the thrombus or part of it becomes dislodged and floats into the vessel
Endocardium
Lines the mica radium with epithelial tissue, prevents blood from saturating the myocardium
Semilunar valves
Located at the exits of the ventricles, have three cup-shaped membrane
Pericardium
Loosely covers the heart and prevents it from rubbing against the lungs and inner chest wall
Ventricle
Lower chamber of the heart
Epicardium
Outermost layer of the heart composed of connective tissue that is tightly attached to the muscular tissue of the heart
Describe the shape, size, and function of platelets
Non-nucleated, plate like discs; 2-4um in diameter ; forms blood clot (along with other plasma proteins)
Erythrocytes
Often called red blood cells, early in life contain a nucleus but little hemoglobin
Fibrinogen
Produced in the liver, major role in blood clotting
The presence or absence of what substance determines a persons blood type
Protein or carbohydrate muscels
Globulin
Proteins found in the blood plasma.
Albumin
Proteins that help control the blood volumes by regulating the amount of water that moves into the bloodstream
Sinoatrial node
Starts the systole and sets the pass
Hemocytoblast
Stem cell located in the bone marrow and respond to certain growth factors
Platelets
Thrombocytes, develop from megakaryocytic, which are delivered from the hemocytoblasts in the red bone marrow
Blood
Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to all body cells
Atrium
Upper chamber of the heart
List the components of blood plasma and tell their significance.
Water-90% Proteins~8% Minerals~1% Miscellaneous~1%
Leukocytes
White blood cells, have no hemoglobin , 2x erythrocytes, always have a nuclei, can move themselves
