Circulatory System (Chapter 12)
Define antibody.
A blood protein produced in response to and counteract a specific antigen.
What test must be done before anyone can receive a transfusion? What will happen if a person receives a transfusion of blood with antigens that do not match?
A blood test must be done to determine if blood matches. If it does not match, blood reaction could occur and could result in death because it will produce antibodies against any blood antigens you don't have in your own blood.
Define donor and recipient.
A donor is the person donating/giving their blood. A recipient is the person receiving the blood.
Define septum.
A partition separating two chambers. (ex: between the nostrils and the chambers of the heart)
What is the interarterial septum?
A partition that separates the left and right atria.
What is the interventricular septum?
A thick, muscular partition between the left and right ventricles.
Define antigen.
A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body.
Pulmonary Veins
A vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Name and differentiate the four main blood types.
A: has A antigens / antibody anti-B B: has B antigens / antibody ant -A AB: has both A and B antigens / antibody neither anti-A or anti-B 0: has none / antibody both anti-A and anti-B
What is another name for antibody?
Aggultinins
What is another name for antigens?
Aggulutinogens
What is the term for the stoppage of bleeding?
Hemostasis
What is the function of histamine and heparin? (these are substances secreted by basophil)
Histamine: dilates blood vessels to increase blood flow to damaged tissues Heparin: an anticoagulant that inhibits blood clot formation
How did the Rh factor get its name?
It got its name because it was first discovered in the blood of a rhesus monkey.
What causes a heart murmer?
It is caused by faulty valves.
What is an aorta?
It is the main artery of the body. It supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system.
What are some characteristics of the blood?
It is the only liquid tissue in the body. It consists of cells and cell fragments (formed elements) suspended in an inter cellular matrix (plasma). Average for men is 5-6 liters, and the average for women is 4-5 liters.
What are the 3 functions of blood?
It's three main function is to transport, regulate, and protect.
What percentage of blood is made up of plasma and red blood cells?
Plasma: 55% Red Blood Cells: 45%
Name the following of a RED BLOOD CELL: Scientific Name- Description- Normal Amount- Function-
Scientific Name- Eyrthocyte Description- no nucleus, tiny biconcave disk Normal Amount- 4.7 to 6.1 mil (men) or 4.2 to 5.4 mil (women) Function- carries oxygen to the body and also carries carbon dioxide to the lungs
Name the following of a WHITE BLOOD CELL: Scientific Name- Description- Normal Amount- Function-
Scientific Name- Leukocyte Description- has a nucleus, colorless Normal Amount- 4,500 to 10,000 Function- a defense mechanism to the body against infections
Name the following of a PLATELET: Scientific Name- Description- Normal Amount- Function-
Scientific Name- Thrombocyte Description- irregular disc-shape, small round, thin (smallest) Normal Amount- 150,000 to 450,000 Function- help blood clot and prevent bleeding
What is the path of blood through the heart.
The blood enters through the right atrium either by the superior or inferior vena cava. It is then pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps the blood through a pulmonary artery to to the lungs, so that it an get oxygenated. Once oxygenated, the blood flows through a pulmonary vein and into the left atrium. It is then pumped through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle. The left ventricle contracts the strongest to push the blood out to the aortic arch on its way to all parts of the body.
What is the function of the heart?
The heart provides the force necessary to circulate the blood to all the tissues in the body.
Define pericardium.
The membrane enclosing the heart. It consist of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.
Define myocardium.
The muscular tissue of the heart.
What are the names of the vessels that supple the heart with oxygen?
The right and left coronary arteries.
Define endocardium.
The thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.
How are leukocytes classified?
They are classified into two main groups: granulocytes or agranulocytes.
What is the function of arteries?
They carry blood away from the heart.
What is the function of veins?
They carry blood towards the heard.
What is a stationary blood clot called? What is a traveling blood clot called?
Thrombus (stationed) Embolus (traveling)
What are universal donors?
Type 0 - because they can give their blood to anyone without triggering their immune system.
What causes the 'lubb' sound?
closure of the AV valves
What causes the 'dubb' sound
closure of the SL valves
Define systole.
contraction of the heart
Define diastole.
relaxation of the heart
