CIS 330 Midterm

How is IPv6 written and displayed?

128 bits that written as 8 blocks. Each block is 16 bits.

How can a network switch be said to operate at Layer 4?

A Layer 4 switch is capable of interpreting Layer 4 data. They can operate between Layer 4 and Layer 7.

What are the three different port ranges? (Chapter 3)

Well known ports - 0 to 1023 Registered ports - 1024 to 49151 Dynamic and private - 49152 to 65535

What are some of the basic functions of a network router?

Connect dissimilar networks, such as LAN and WAN. Interpret Layer 3 and often Layer 4 addressing.

What are some of the common sources of noises on copper cables? (Chapter 5)

Crosstalks, EMI and RFI

What are the two different types of DNS request? and when do we use those? (Chapter 3)

DMZ and AD. One demands the answer, the other does not.

IPv6 has tow different types of unicast addresses. How do these two types differ?

Global addresses - can be routed on the internet Link local addresses - can be used for communicating with nodes on the same link (LAN)

IPv6 has two different class types, how are they different from each other? (Chapter 3)

Global addresses - can be routed on the internet Link local addresses - can be used for communicating with nodes on the same link (LAN)

What is the difference between unicast, multicast, anycast addresses?

IPv6 only. Unicast address specifies a single node on a network. This differs from a multicast address, which is delivered to all nodes in a targeted, multicast group. An anycast address can identify multiple destinations, with packets delivered to the closest destination. For example, a DNS name server might send a DNS request to a group of DNS servers that have all been assigned the same anycast address.

What are two different radiation categories? (Chapter 6)

Unidirectional and Omnidirectional

When deploying a VOIP solution what devices/equipment will you encounter? (Chapter 2)

VOIP gateway device VOIP PBX VOIP Endpoints

Why should an access point not always use maximum power when broadcasting access signal? (Chapter 6)

For security reasons. Theres no reason to broadcast signal so strong since you only want certain people on your network so having it a full power is a waste.

What are the 4 different types of software/hardware changes? (On chapter 2 change management mindmap)

- Patch - Upgrade - Rollback - Installation

How does a company manage the documentation of passwords? (Chapter 2)

A company should deal with documentation of passwords by not giving the password to only one person in case that person is not available, since not everyone is available all the time. It should also be written down or there should be physical document with the passwords on it. You don't want the documentation to only be digital. The company needs to figure out a way to make sure these documents are safe and secure, and only certain people have access to them.

ARP tables might contain two different types of entries. What are they, and how are they created? (Chapter 4)

ARP tables can contain two types of entries: dynamic and static. Dynamic ARP table entries are created when a client makes an ARP request for information that could not be satisfied by data already in the ARP table; once received, the new information is recorded in the table for future reference. Static ARP table entries are those that someone has entered manually using the ARP utility. This ARP utility, accessed via the arp command in both Windows and Linux, provides a way of obtaining information from and manipulating a device's ARP table.

What are some of the wireless topologies that can be created? (Chapter 6)

Ad Hoc Mesh Infrastructure

What is the only exterior gateway protocol? What are the its' characteristics? (Chapter 4)

BGP - Border Gateway Protocol which are efficient, customizable, and hybrid

What is the one current exterior gateway protocol?

BGP - path vector routing protocol. Determines best paths based on many different factors. Can be customizable to follow policies.

Whats the difference between bandwidth and throughput? (Chapter 5)

Bandwidth is theoretical amount of data that can be transported, and throughput is the actual amount of data that is being transported. You can have a higher throughput than bandwidth, since bandwidth is a theoretical amount. Bandwidth is the amount of data that could theoretically be transmitted during a given period of time. In an analogy, the bandwidth of a three-lane freeway is the number of vehicles that can pass a checkpoint in one minute when traffic is bumper-to-bumper and traveling at the maximum speed limit. In practice, that bandwidth never happens. Still, we could increase potential bandwidth by adding more lanes to the freeway. At the same time, consider that adding too many lanes for the amount of anticipated traffic, so that some lanes are never used, would be a waste of resources. Throughput is the measure of how much data is actually transmitted during a given period of time. In our analogy, throughput measures the actual traffic on the three-lane freeway that passes in one minute. Using all the available bandwidth results in more accidents and traffic jams than if bandwidth exceeds actual throughput by a little. However, this beneficial effect is limited-providing a lot more potential bandwidth than actual throughput does not achieve additional improvement in performance unless you need to account for regular spikes in traffic.

How is TTL (Time to Live) field utilized in IPv4?

Determines how long a packet can remain of the network before it is discarded.

What are some of the basic functions of a network router? (Chapter 4)

Direct traffic. A router reads address info in the packet which then determines the ultimate destination.

ARP tables might contain two different typed of entries. What are they, and how are they created?

Dynamic ARP are tables created when a client makes a request. Static ARP tables entries are those that someone has entered manually.

What is MAC address spoofing?

Is the impersonation of a MAC address by an attacker.

What is a subnet mask, and how is it used?

It is a 32 bit number that helps one computer find another. Using this information a computer can determine if another computer with a given IP address is on its own or a different network.

Whats the difference between LAN, MAN, WAN and PAN? (Chapter 1)

LAN - Local area network MAN - Metropolitan area network WAN - Wide area network PAN - Personal area network

Whats the difference between SMF and MMF? How do they compare? (Chapter 5)

MMF has greater attenuation than SMF.

What is the difference between physical and logical topology? (Chapter 1)

Physical - hardware Logical - software, peer-to-peer, client-server.

What is the difference between a port and socket?

Port - is a number assigned to a process, such as an application or a service, that can receive data. Socket - consists of both a host's IP address and a process's TCP and UDP

What are three different types of port number ranges as defined by IANA?

Port numbers range from 0 to 65535

What are two different types of DNS request?

Recursive query - is a query that demands a resolution or the answer 'it can't be found' Iterative query - is a query that does not demand resolution.

What are the two different variations of network address translation (NAT)?

SNAT - Using SNAT the gateway assigns the same public IP address to a host each time it makes a request to access the internet. Small home networks with only a single public IP address provided by its ISP use SNAT. DNAT - host outside the network address a computer inside the network by a predefined public IP address. When a message sent to the public IP address reaches the router managing DNAT, the destination IP address is changed to the private IP address of the host inside the network. The router must maintain a translation table.

How are routing paths determined?

Static routing - a network admin configures a routing table to direct messages along specific paths between networks. More secure. Dynamic routing - A router automatically calculates the best path between 2 networks. Less secure.

Whats the difference between TCP and UDP? Which layer are they operating on? (Chapter 1)

TCP - most common, slower but more reliable UDP - doesn't make sure the recipient received the packet. Used for gaming and streaming. faster Both are used to for sending packets over the internet.

What is a Rack Diagram? (Chapter 2)

a graphical representation of a rack system like the one in our classroom.