CIS Chapter 2: Hardware
How do you know which printer to buy?
1. Budget 2. Speed 3. Color or Black/white 4. Cost per page 5. Multiple Copies 6. Graphics and photo printing 7. paper types and sizes 8. System compatibility 9. Future Needs 10. Wireless capability
Steps to Machine Cycle (4)
4 steps: FETCH DECODE EXECUTE STORE
Biometric Input
Authenticates person's identity by verifying personal characteristic
The System Unit
Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data. Includes: processor, memory, adapter cards, drive bays and power supply
CD-ROM
Compact disc read-only memory. Cannot erase or modify contents.
Scanners
Devices that capture rather than you writing, speaking or typing
tape (Magnetic Storage)
Magnetically coated plastic ribbon capable of storing large amounts of data at low cost
SSD - Solid State Drives
No moving parts Often have faster seek times but slower write times compared to fastest mechanical drives
head crash (Magnetic Storage)
Occurs when read/write head touches platter surface
disk cache (Magnetic Storage)
Portion of memory that processor uses to store frequently accessed items
Video Input
Process of entering full-motion images into computer
Quality of LCD depends on?
Resolution, Response time , Pixel pitch (dot pitch), Contrast ratio
Miniature Mobile Storage Media
Storage for small mobile devices using flash memory
Audio Input
The process of entering input by speaking into a microphone
Categories of Storage
Volatile vs Non-volatile Local vs Network Primary vs Secondary Sequential vs Direct Access
Output Device
allows a user to observe the results of computer processing with one or more senses.
Input Device
assists in capturing and entering data into a computer system.
Processing
carries out the instructions provided by software using specially designed circuitry and a well-defined routine to transform data into useful outputs.
Multicore Processor
combines multiple CPUs on one chip to share the workload and speed up processing.
Video Card
combines video processing and storage onto an expansion card, or integrated onto the motherboard to manage video images for display.
Integrated Circuit
connects tiny transistors and other electronics components on a thin piece of semiconductive material such as silicon.
Special-Purpose Input Device
designed to provide input for one specific type of activity.
Transistor
electronics component typically composed of silicon that opens or closes a circuit to alter the flow of electricity to store and manipulate bits.
Central Processing Unit
group of circuits that perform the processing in a computer, typically in one integrated circuit called a microprocessor.
Optical Storage
media, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs, store bits by using an optical laser to burn pits into the surface of a highly reflective disc.
General-Purpose Input Device
one that is designed to be used for a wide variety of computing activities.
Printer
output device dedicated to providing computer output on paper or three-dimensional output in plastic
Motherboard
primary circuit of a computer to which all core components are connected, including the CPU.
Multiprocessing
processing that occurs using more than one processing unit to increase productivity and performance
Machine Cycle
provides an orderly method of processing software instructions.
Read Only Memory (ROM)
provides permanent storage for data and instructions that do not change, such as firmware — programs and data from the computer manufacturer, including the boot process used to start the computer.
Display
provides visual computer output for observation on a monitor or screen.
Magnetic Storage
storage technology that uses the magnetic properties of iron oxide particles rather than electric charges to store bits and bytes more permanently than RAM.Magnetically stored data lasts years, even decades, before deteriorating.
Solid-State Storage
stores data using solid-state electronics such as transistors, and unlike magnetic and optical media, does not require any moving mechanical parts.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
temporary, or volatile, memory that stores bytes of data and program instructions for the processor to access.
Storage
the ability to maintain data within the system temporarily or permanently.
Input/Output (I/O)
the manner in which data is received into a computer system, and the manner in which information and the results of processing are provided to the user from a computer system.
Moore's Law
the number of transistors on a chip will double about every two years
Hardware
the tangible parts of a computer or digital device, and typically includes support for processing, storage, input, and output.