Cisco 1 Chapter 7

What is a stateless protocol?

neither the client, nor the server, is obligated to keep track of the state of the communication session. (Basis OF UDP)

While UDP might be unreliable and has no flow control, these other protocols and programs compensate for it:

• Domain Name System (DNS) • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) • Routing Information Protocol (RIP) • Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) • IP telephony or Voice over IP (VoIP) • Online games

TCP Operates in this manner:

• Tracking transmitted data segments • Acknowledging received data • Retransmitting any unacknowledged data

What is multiplexing?

It allows multiple application to use the network at the same time. Each application will vary in header data. Since the data is different, many functions can be used instead of doing one thing at a time (Streaming video and checking your emails Vs. Streaming Video then afterwards checking your email)

What are the responsibilities of the transport layer?

Tracking the individual communication between applications on the source and destination hosts Segmenting data for manageability and reassembling segmented data into streams of application data at the destination Identifying the proper application for each communication stream

What protocols are involved with the transport layer?

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

What is UDP (User Datagram Protocol) ?

a protocol for delivering data segments between the appropriate applications, with very little overhead and data checking.

What is a stateful protocol?

a protocol that keeps track of the state of the communication session (basis of TCP)

What is Transport Control Protocol (TCP) ?

a reliable transport protocol, which means that TCP includes processes to ensure reliable delivery between applications through the use of acknowledged delivery.

Characteristics of UDP:

Connectionless: UDP does not establish a connection between the hosts before data can be sent and received. Unreliable Delivery: UDP does not provide services to ensure that the data will be delivered reliably. No Ordered Data Reconstruction: UDP does not provide any mechanism for reassembling the data in its original sequence No Flow Control: There are no mechanisms within UDP to control the amount of data transmitted by the source to avoid overwhelming the destination device.

What is a full-duplex protocol?

Each connection represents two one-way communication, streams, or sessions. (The way TCP works)

What is the main purpose of the transport layer ?

Establishing a temporary communication session between two applications and delivering data between them.