Cisco Computer Support & Service (CSS)
What happens when you partition a hard-drive?
You create a logical storage unit that can be formatted to store information.
What two things does an OS provide to the user?
a user interface Ability to manage files and directories
Computers have a number of ports which enable connection to variety of devices.
a> Parallel Port b> PS/2 port c> Video card port d>power port
In the OS, each process has its own-
address space & global variables, open files, pending alarms, signals & signal handlers.
To create a file these things happen.
allocate the space in the file system, make an entry for the new file in directory
What are the different ways to mount a file system?
boot mounting, explicit mounting and auto mounting.
In WinXP what file plays the role of the BOOTMGR file?
boot.ini
On systems with more than one OS, the decision to load a particular one is done by the-
bootloader
The initial program that's run when the PC is powered up is called the-
bootstrap program.
To open a veiw of folders that shows the folder tree, from the desktop you can
double click the my computer or computer icon
File types are usually represented by a ____ __________
file extension.
By default are file extension in Windows veiwable or hidden?
hidden
In a file explorer by default, if a folder with both folders and files is looked at, the content is shown
in the contents pane in alphabetical order along with the files
Monitor sizes are normally measured
inches diagonally across the screen
A server crash and recovery will be ______________
invisible to client.
What services help make a stable OS?
kernel services library services application level services
The FAT is used much as a
linked list (chk)
The FAT is used much as a ______ ____
linked list.
When you have finished a session on a computer you must always-
log off the computer.
The process of dividing a disk into sectors that the disk controller can read and write, before a disk can store data is know as
low-level formatting or physical formatting
The techniques of duplicating every disk is known as
mirroring and shadowing (RAID)
Which of the following peripheral devices can be used independently of a computer?
mobile phone
Unix OS is a-
multi-user, time-sharing, multi-tasking OS.
On the task bar, the time is shown in the
notification area or tray
To see help for windows itself you could
open the start menu and search for help
What are two steps in starting a PC?
pressing power buttons for the system unit and monitor
In many programs short-cuts use the same settings, on Windose, CTRL - P normally-
prints the document.
OS manages
ram, cpu, I/O devices etc.
Which one of these explains the sequential access method?
read bytes one at a time, in order
What best explains the sequential file access method?
read bytes one at a time, in order.
What are the different ways file accesses take place?
sequential access, direct access, indexed sequential access
Electrical storms can adversely affect computers. During an electrical storm all computer hardware must be-
shutdown and disconnected from any power or communications sources
A disk that has a boot partition is called a
system or boot disk.
A disk that has a boot partition is called a __________
system or boot disk.
File type is usually represented by
the file extension.
When files are accidentally deleted, it may be possible to retrieve it from-
the recycle bin (or trash on Mac)
The main function of the command interpreter is
to get an execute the next user-specified command
In order to access a secure network a user must have a
username and password
When accessing a secure network a user must have a-
username and password
Where is the status bar located in an active window?
very bottom
The process of restarting a computer that is already powered on is called a-
warm boot.
What are the two common architectures used in Windows OS?
x86 and x64 arches
What extension does a Excel 2010 file have?
xlsx
What extension does an Excel 2010 file have?
xlsx
Plug in the power cable when???
you have connected all the cables.
Which symbol should you use to search for all items with the same extension type? (wildcard searching)
'*'
- - - -
- - - -
--------------------------
--------------------------------
The mouse should be cleaned regularly to remove dust and fuzz from the ball and contacts. Describe this process.
...
What extension would a Word 2010 file have?
.docx
What's the minimum requires for Win Vista Ultimate?
1 Ghz CPU 1 GB RAM Win-Aero compatible GPU 40 GB HDD DVD Drive Internet Access Capable Audio Output Capable
Which tow of the following describe the number of pins normally associated with dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs)
168 & 184 pins
Which of the following are 64 bits wide?
168 pin, 184 pin DIMMs
How many drives are required to set up RAID on a computer?
2 or more
What are the minimum requirements for Windows XP?
233 Mhz Pentium CPU or higher 64 Mb RAM 1.5 GB HDD CD-ROM Super VGA Monitor Sound Card
Windows naming convention allows how many letters to be used in a file name?
255 characters
If the display adapter is set to 8 bit color, how many colors can it show at one time?
256 colors
What bit arch does x86 support?
32 bits
How many pins are in SATA data cable?
7 pins
Which type of ram must be installed in pairs?
72-pin SIMMs
What is the SCSI ID number commonly assigned to the boot device in a PC?
8
Give two examples of workstation ergonomics in an office setting.
> The computer's monitor should be at eye level or slightly lower.
What are the characteristics of a desktop OS?
>Supports a single user >Runs single-user applications >Shares files and folders on a small network with limited security
Can a 32-bit OS be upgraded to a 64 bit system?
A 32-bit OS cannot be upgraded to a 64-bit OS.
What are the RAM capabilities of 32 and 64 bit CPU arches?
A 32-bit OS is capable of addressing only 4 GB of system memory, while a 64-bit OS can address more than 128 GB. Memory management differs between the two systems. A 64-bit system has better performance.
What does a DLL file consist of?
A DLL (or Dynamic Link Library) file consists of program code that can be used by different programs to perform common functions.
Give two barebone features of an OS
A GUI File Management Tools
What is the BIOS?
A ROM chip on the motherboard that controls communication between the OS and hardware.
Where does the term Firewall come from?
A brick and mortar wall designed to prevent fire spreading from one part of a building to another.
What is a cluster?
A cluster is also called a file allocation unit. It is the smallest unit of space used for storing data. It is made up of one or more sectors.
What is a Power Plan in windows?
A collection of hardware and system settings that manage the power usage of the computer.
What is the I/O connector plate?
A cutout of the various ports a specific motherboard has.
What is a cylinder?
A cylinder is a stack of tracks lined up one on top of another to form a cylinder shape.
What is contained in the registry?
A database that controls all the information about a computer.
What is a POST card?
A device that when put into a PCI/PCIe slot, helps diagnose failed POST checks.
What does the file system provide?
A directory that organizes the user's OS, applications, configuration and other files on the hard disk.
What is secure boot?
A feature in UEFI that only allows trusted OS to be booted.
What is Shadow Copy?
A feature of Windows Operating Systems that automatically creates backup copies of files and data on a hard drive.
What is a file?
A file is a block of related data that is given a single name and treated as a single unit.
What is a logical drive?
A logical drive is a section of an extended partition. It can be used to separate information for administrative purposes.
What is multi-threading?
A program can be broken down into smaller parts that are loaded as needed by the OS. This allow different parts of an app to run at the same time.
When purchasing software, one need to ensure that the machine has enough resources. Give examples.
A program may require more RAM, especially for graphics or audio editing. The OS should have all the APIs (be up to date) to be compatible with the program. The hard-disk should have enough space for the files and folders.
What is a device driver?
A program that access and communicates with hardware components.
What is Windows XP Mode?
A program that uses virtualization to allow users to run Windows XP programs on Windows 7.
What is a sector?
A sector is a subdivision of a track on a magnetic disk or optical disc.
Software should not be ordered without prior approval is obtained from the appropriate supervisor/manager. Suggest procedures that can be put in place to permit management to make an informed decision to approve purchase of software?
A set of steps can be established as follows: What is required to satisfy a particular job is defined. This is the Requirements Definition. The appropriate software is identified. The appropriate staff investigates the functions and features of the software. These are documented and matched against the requirements definition. A Feasibility Study is carried out. If possible, the software is acquired on a test basis. Sample data is developed along with the corresponding expected results. The software is tested using the test data. The results are compared against the expected results. Management can now give its approval to purchase based on the steps above being completed satisfactorily.
What is a shortcut?
A small file that points to a program, folder, document or internet location.
What is a track?
A track is one complete circle that can contain data on one side of a hard drive platter. A track is broken into groups of sectors.
What is a service?
A type of application that runs in the background to achieve a specific task or wait for a request.
Which key combination enables you to switch between loaded programs?
ALT + TAB
To open the file menu using the keyboard you would press
ALT - F
You are looking at a CPU Socket with 462 pins, what CPUs can you use with it?
AMD Athlon, AMD Duron and the Athlon XP+
How can you tell an ATX PSU from a AT PSU?
AT has two power connectors that connect to mb. ATX uses muh 20 or 24 pins like a boss
What should the technician do if denied access to command line tools?
Access CLI as an administrator
What does the Computer feature enable the user to do in Windows 7 and Vista?
Access the various drives installed in the computer.
Where is the start menu you should click to access WordPad?
Accessories
Where are security settings maintained in Windows 7 and Vista?
Action Center
What is the central database used to manage network resources in windows?
Active Directory
What additional tasks can the Disk Management Utility perform?
Add Drives Add Arrays View Drive Status Extend Partitions Split Partitions Assign Drive Letters
How can a technician ensure that antivirus scanners and spyware removal tools automatically run at computer startup?
Add them to the startup folder of the start menu.
What is the default administrator account named?
Administrator
What's the opposite of EZ mode in a UEFI BIOS?
Advanced Mode
What is the default theme of Win7 and Vista called?
Aero
What does a single beep during the POST mean?
All is well, proceed to booting, from primary media.
To create a file, what happens?
Allocate the space in the file system, and make an entry for the new file in the directory.
What is the function of the hypervisor?
Allocates physical system resources such as CPU, RAM and hardrive to each virtual machine, as needed.
What is AI Tweaker though?
Allows overclocking of CPU and RAM
How is the BIOS useful to a technician?
Allows quick diagnosis and configuration options.
What are Run Line utilities used for?
Allows the user to enter commands to configure settings in Windows.
What is the utility of the Start Menu and Taskbar?
Allows users to manage programs, search the computer, and manipulate running applications.
Describe the functionality of the new Libraries feature in Windows 7.
Allows you to easily organize content from various storage devices on your local computer and network, including removable media, without actually moving the files.
Which key combination can be used to only print screen an active window?
Alt + Print Screen
What key combination is used for switching between open windows?
Alt + Tab
Which key combination can be used to only print-screen an active window?
Alt - Printscreen
Exiting a responding program in the foreground with keyboard.
Alt-F4
Virtual Memory is
An illusion of extremely large secondary memory
Give two hardware reasons why a computer may reboot often.
An overheating processor A RAM upgrade
What is the definition of troubleshooting?
Analyzing the problem and determining the cause of the error to repair the computer.
What type of situation do you think would involve an "unauthorized" OS loading during startup?
Any OS that is not trusted by the OEM to run on the system.
What is an optical drive?
Any drive that relies on light-based medium to store/retrieve data?
What are the two main types of computer software?
Application and System Software
What's an application?
Applications are software programs, such as word processors, databases, spreadsheets, and games.
List some necessities for setting up/installing SCSI devices?
Assign each SCSI device a unique ID number. Make sure the two ends on the SCSI chain are terminated
What are some security features found in the BIOS?
BIOS Passwords Drive Encryption T P M (Trusted Platform Module) Lojack
What should be the first step while upgrading the OS?
Backing up important/critical data.
What's a differential backup?
Backs up all the files and folders that have been created or modified since either the last normal backup or the last incremental backup. A differential backup does not mark the files as archived. Copies are made from the same starting point until the next incremental or full backup is performed. Making differential backups is important because only the last full and differential backups are needed to restore all the data.
What's an incremental backup?
Backs up all the files and folders that have been created or modified since either the last normal or incremental backup. It marks the files as archived by clearing the archive bit. This has the effect of advancing the starting point of differential backups without having to re-archive the entire contents of the drive. To recover an incremental backup, the last full backup must be recovered, followed by all incremental backups in order.
What must be done before beginning the OS system upgrade?
Backup all data
What does BIOS stand for?
Basic Input/Output System
Outline 4 safe working habits that should be practiced in an I.T. environment.
Before cleaning any electrical equipment, make sure it is switched off and unplugged from the mains When handling the innards of a PC, such as hard disk or circuit boards, use a anti-static strap. (TBC)
What kind of power connector provides the FDD with power from the power supply?
Berg
What copy-protection scheme is used in Windows Vista?
BitLocker
What are the different ways of mounting a file system?
Boot Mounting Explicit Mounting Auto Mounting
What program initializes all aspects of the system, from CPU registers to device controllers and the content of the main memory, then starts the OS?
Bootstrap
The ______ program initializes all aspects of the system, from CPU registers to device controllers and the contents of the main memory, and then starts the operating system.
Bootstrap (chk)
The initial program that is run when the PC is powered up is called?
Bootstrap program
State with examples, TWO (2) ways in which the latest version of a software can be identified.
By the year and the version.
What is the term used to desribe the size of a file?
Byte
What alpha letter is usually assigned to the root partition?
C:\
Which letter is normally used to represent the local disk in a computer?
C:\
For a user account called 'Ethan', where would you expect to find the personal document folder?
C:\Users\Ethan
Where are files created by users in Windows 7 and Vista stored?
C:\Users\User_Name\ Windows XP is C:\Documents and Settings\User_Name\
Where are the files that are used to run the computer in a Windows Installation?
C:\Windows\system32
What is the most common installation method for an OS?
CD/DVD Media
The window which shows icons for stuff like mouse, sound and display is
CONTROL PANEL
What are some common component information items that are displayed in the BIOS?
CPU RAM HDD ODD
What keyboard key do you use when selecting files that are not next to each other?
CTRL
What must you do before making an OS recommendation?
Check the client's budget, computer specs and if the features of the new OS will support the client's usage environment.
What must be done before an OS can be upgraded?
Check the minimum hardware requirements of the new OS to ensure that it can be installed successfully on the computer. Also check the Windows Compatibility Center for Windows 7 and Vista, or the Windows XP HCL to ensure that the hardware is compatible with the new OS.
What does the Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool do?
Checks for a specific set of prevalent malicious software.
With Windows 7 or Vista how does the user access Computer?
Click Start and select Computer.
What is the correct procedure for shutting down the PC?
Click Start, Turn Off Computer, Turn Off.
How do you resize an active window?
Click and drag from the corners.
How do you sort the contents of a folder by date?
Click on <Date Modified>
Within the properties menu of a file how do you make the file read-only?
Click on the read-only tick box.
If you want to close a program on a Mac computer, what should you do?
Click on the red circle with an x at the top left of the screen/window.
When software uses an automatic installation process, what is required of the user or technician?
Clicking through the installation wizard and providing information when required.
What is an OS?
Collection of programs that manages hardware resources, system services, links hardware and application programs
What is the System Information Tool used for?
Collects and displays information about software, drivers, hardware configurations and computer components.
Explain the difference between commercial software, freeware and shareware.
Commercial software is copyright software that you must pay for before use. Shareware on the other hand is copyrighted as well and are distributed on a "try before" basis. You cannot turn around and sell it for profit. Freeware is proprietary software that is available for use at no monetary cost. It may be used without payment but may usually not be modified, re-distributed or reverse-engineered without the author's permission.
What is a reason that more than one operating system might be required on a computer?
Compatibility, some software applications may require the most recent version of an OS, while other applications require an older version.
What does CMOS stand for?
Complementary Metal Oxide SemiConductor
Name 3 cleaning materials or equipment used to clean PCs
Compressed Air Low Air-Flow Anti-ESD Vacuum Lint-Free Cloth
How do you find out how to access the factory recovery partition and restore the original configuration of the computer?
Contact the computer manufacturer to find out how to access the partition and restore the original configuration of the computer.
Which part of the CPU should never be touched?
Contact/Pins
What is TPM and what is it used for?
Contains security items such as encrption keys and passwords.
Where are the Windows centralized settings located for many features that control the behavior and appearance of the computer?
Control Panel
Where should you click to access the menu to allow you to adjust the computer's settings?
Control Panel
What are the roles of an OS?
Controlling Hardware Access Manage Files, Folders Provide User Interface Manage Applications
What's a copy backup?
Copies all selected files, without archiving them.
When performing an image-based install what is needed after a single computer is configured to an operational state and Sysprep is run?
Create disk image of the configured computer using a third-party cloning program and restore it to the target computer(s).
What does disk cloning actually do?
Creates a duplicate image of a hard-drive in a computer.
Which key combination can be used to paste an already copied file into a new folder?
Ctrl + V
Combination to cut a file?
Ctrl + X
Which key combination can be used to start the task manager?
Ctrl - Alt - Delete Ctrl - Shift - Esc
What drive letter is traditionally assigned to an optical drive?
D:\
Which RAM Module has 184 pins and is 16 bits wide?
DIMMs
What are the benefits of a preventative maintenance plan?
Decreased Downtime Improved Performance Improved Reliability Decreased Repair Cost
What should preventative maintenance plans include?
Detailed information about the maintenance of all computers and network equipment.
You need to add a second hard drive and add more memory to a computer. What should you do first?
Determine the amount of RAM that is in the system.
What three components of a computer should be periodically updated?
Device Drivers Operating System Firmware Updates
What is the difference between a directory and sub-directory?
Directories can be kept inside other directories. These nested directories are referred to as subdirectories. Directories are called folders in Windows operating systems, and subdirectories are called subfolders.
How are files organized in Windows?
Directory Structure
What are some common tasks that can be automated using the task scheduler?
Disk Cleanup Backup Defragmentation Restore Points Starting other apps
What are two utilities that are useful for preventative maintenance?
Disk Defragmenter and Disk Error Checking Tool
What Windows Tool is used to create partitions in Windows 7 and Vista?
Disk Management Utility
What is the use of the data that is displayed in the System Monitor?
Displays real time information about the processors, disks, memory and disk usage.
What is the final step in the troubleshooting process?
Document your findings, actions and outcomes.
What are the four default libraries available to each user when Windows 7 is installed?
Documents Music Pictures Videos
What is drive mapping?
Drive mapping is how operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows, associate a local drive letter (A through Z) with a shared storage area to another computer over a network.
What are external bays?
Drives that can function outside the case. Usually USB, firewire etc.
The CPU and motherboard are highly sensitive to ___ so be sure to take precaution.
ESD
Where in the right-click menu should you click to permanently delete all the files in the Recycle Bin?
Empty Recycle Bin
You are in charge of two PCs that run Windows 7, The two PCs are respectively named PC1 and PC2. You have to make sure you can remotely execute commands on PC2 from PC1. What action should you perform?
Enable Windows Remote Management (WinRM) through Windows Firewall on PC2
What does the Power Options utility in Windows enable the user to do?
Enables you to reduce the power consumption of certain devices or of the entire system.
What should you do before cleaning any device or repairing a computer?
Ensure that the unit is unplugged and the appropriate anti-ESD equipment is deployed
What should preventative maintenance plans prioritize?
Equipment that would affect the organization if it goes down.
What do other beeps mean?
Error Codes
What is the purpose of extending a hard drive partition?
Extending a hard disk increases the amount of space available on a primary partition or logical drive.
Which option should you click to unzip a compressed files?
Extract All
What key do you press to restore the ASR?
F2 (WinXP only)
A section of disk at the beginning of each partition is set aside to contain the table in
FAT
A section of the disk at the beginning of each partition is set aside to contain the table in which file system?
FAT
List some volume types supported in Windows 7.
FAT ExFAT NTFS
What does RAM provide?
Fast, temporary storage for the CPU when working on data.
Describe how one should install software, provided it is available at hand.
First, insert the CD/DVD ROM in its respective drive. Installation should start automatically, if not manually open the CD and click the setup. Accept the EULA and follow on-screen instructions.
When you upgrade a BIOS, you essentially-
Flash the BIOS
What provides the data for the floppy drive?
Floppy Data Cable (34 pin)
There are many types of storage devices on the market. Which is NOT commonly used today?
Floppy Disk
There are many types of storage devices on the market. Which is the least popular these days?
Floppy Disks
What's the first phase of the installation process?
Formatting and partitioning the hardrive.
You are in charge of a PC which is named PC1. Win 7 is run by PC1, and you have to make sure that PC1 can connect to file transfer protocol servers only while it is connected to a private network. What actions should you perform?
From Network and Sharing Center, modify advanced sharing settings.
You are in charge of a PC that uses Win7, you are to modify the file extensions that are associated with Internet Explorer, What action should you perform?
From local control panel, open default programs and then click set associations.
What are two types of user interface?
GUI and CLI Graphical and Command Line interfaces.
What four tabs are shown in properties view for an application or file?
General Security Details Compatibility
What are the tabs available in Internet Options?
General Security Privacy Content Connections Programs Advanced
What five tabs are shown in Properties view for an individual folder?
General Sharing Security Previous Versions Customize
What three tabs are available in the Folder Options utility?
General, View, Search
How should the workplace be prepared?
Good Ventilation Workbench Accessibility Adequate Lighting Comfortable Room Temperature
What are virtual machines sometimes called?
Guests
Which registry section contains information relating to all active devices on a system?
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
What five maintenance tasks should be included in a plan?
Hard Drive Backup Hard Drive Defragmentation Hard Drive Error Checking Updates to OS and applications Updates to Antivirus/Other Software
OS problems are generally attributable to-
Hardware, Application or Configurations issues, or some combination thereof.
Where should you click to get assistance on how to rename files?
Help & Support
If previous steps do not solve the problem, what are some additional resources that can be consulted?
Helpdesk Repair Logs Manufacturer FAQs Other Technicians Technical Websites
What control panel utilities are unique to Windows 7?
Homegroup Action Center Windows Defender Remote App and Desktop Connections Troubleshooting
What should determine how often data should be backed up?
How the system is used as well as organizational requirements.
Which folder should you click to access the Windows .docx file - C:\SS\ICT\Windows.docx
ICT
What is a reason that a computer should be restored to a previous point?
In case the system crashes or doesn't' perform optimally after installing an application or driver.
Why is it important to have adequate supplies of printing paper available?
In office environment documents are very important so as the day progresses, you have to make sure enough paper is available to keep things flowing.
What are some common causes of OS problems?
Incorrect BIOS Settings Caps Lock ON Non-Bootable media in Floppy drive during boot Password has changed
What's the typical compute cycle?
Input, Processing, Storage, Output
What are the PSU installation steps?
Insert PSU into case Align the holes in the PSU with holes in the case Secure PSU using proper screws
What three installation options does Windows 7 install wizard give you?
Install Now What to know before installing Windows Repair your computer
As a computer technician what skills are important for you to develop?
Installation Procedures Diagnostic Techniques Troubleshooting
What is a video adapter card?
Interface between display and the computer.
How should one go about documenting client requirements in regards to software?
Interview Management to learn what the major objectives required of the system.
How do you clean a used CPU?
Isopropyl Alcohol & Lint-Free Cloth
What does Windows Explorer allow the user to do?
It allows you to navigate the file system.
What occurs when a computer is turned on?
It performs a Power On Self Test (POST). Because the video adapter has not yet been initialized, errors that occur at this point in the boot process are reported by a series of audible tones, called beep codes.
What is the difference with EZ mode in UEFI?
It provides an overview of basic system info.
What occurs if the Disk Error-Checking tool detects physical errors on the surface of the disk?
It tries to repair them.
What is the benefit of using file compression?
It will reduce file sizes on the hard-drive.
Why is it necessary to do a feasibility study before acquiring new software?
It's important to be sure that the software can be expanded to the scale of the business or application environment, and that the features will suit what the client wants to achieve.
Identify 3 advantages of storing DVDs and External Drives in a central place.
It's the cheapest type of storage medium (relatively) . .
Describe three new features added to the taskbar in Windows 7.
Jump List Pinned Applications Thumbnail Preview
If a quick procedure corrects the problem, what is the next action to take?
Jump to verifying full system functionality.
What is meant by intrusion detection?
Keeps track of the last time the case was opened.
Give some services that make up the OS.
Kernel Services Library Services Application Level Services
Program short-cuts can increase efficiency. Which of the following is NOT a short-cut that can be used to place a file in more than one location?
Left Click - Copy
Who developed Linux?
Linus Torvalds designed Linux in 1991 as an open-source OS.
Which popular type of OS is open-source?
Linux
How can you check whether POST is working correctly?
Listening for the beep at boot
How is the CPU secured to the socket on the motherboard?
Locking Assembly
What does the Event Viewer do?
Logs the history of events regarding applications, security and the system.
What is meant by volatile memory?
Loses data when power is lost.
What are two terms for dividing a disk into sectors so that the disk controller can read and write, before a disk can store data known as?
Low-Level Formatting Physical Formatting
The Microsoft Management Console holds individual utilities called what?
MMCs
What are some menu items typically shown in a BIOS?
Main, Advanced, Boot, Security, Power <TBC>
What is meant by the term Preventative Maintenance?
Maintenance performed on a routine basis in order to keep things working well and reduce the chance of something going wrong.
What five options are available in the User Accounts utility?
Manage Password Change Picture Change Account Name & Type Manage another Account Change UAC settings
The primary job of the OS is
Managing resources.
Where can you find diagrams and information on your specific mobo?
Manufacturers website.
What are some common BIOS hardware diagnostic and monitoring features within the BIOS?
Memory Test Hard Drive Test
The technique to duplicate every disk is referred to as
Mirroring or Shadowing
What is the difference between modular and non-modular power supplies?
Modular allows the removal of cables while Non-modular does not.
What provides the power for optical drives?
Molex or Sata Power Cable
What type of power is used for peripherals such as case fans?
Molex power connector
What is the main benefit of 64 bit Windows over 32 bit?
More RAM
What is a mounted drive in Windows?
Mounted drives are assigned drive paths instead of letters and are displayed as a drive icon in Windows Explorer.
What is thermal compound used for?
Moving heat away from the CPU
List some features of Advanced Mode.
My Favorites Main AI Tweaker Advanced Monitor Boot Tool Exit
What does NIC stand for?
Network Interface Card
What are the two distinct types of OS?
Network OS and Desktop OS.
What are five different installation methods for Windows 7?
Network, Preboot Execution Environment, Unattended Installation, Image Based Installation, Remote Installation
NTFS is
New Technology File System
What times of the day or week are better for scheduling maintenance tasks?
Night, Early Morning, Over the Weekend
Are system panels keyed?
No, no locking mechanism
What is the secondary storage ?
Non-volatile memory that doesn't lose its contents when the PC is powered off.
Which backup alternative is called a full backup?
Normal Backup
What formats can be changed using the Regional and Language Options settings?
Numbers, Currencies, Dates & Time
You have a PC that runs Windows Vista. The one partition and 1 GB of RAM. You need to upgrade the PC to Win7. What should you do first?
One at least 1 GB of RAM.
How many active partitions can a drive have?
Only one. The active partition is where the OS loads critical system files and resources.
What are two types of questions that a technician can ask of a user?
Open and Close Ended Questions.
What is meant by open source?
Open source is software that has its source code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the right to study, change and distribute the software to anyone for any purpose.
Give some examples of Application Program Interface (APIs).
OpenGL Direct X Java API Windows API
What does a repair installation do?
Opens the System Recovery Options Utility to repair an installation, Select the Windows 7 installation that needs to be repaired for this to work.
What is the installation and initial booting of the OS called?
Operating System Setup
What is the name of the button you click when you want to copy, cut or paste a file?
Organize
Where should you click to view a file's properties when in an active window?
Organize
Molex 4 pin connector powered what type of drives?
PATA Optical and Disk Drives
What provides the data for optical drives?
PATA or SATA Data cable
What type of expansions slots do video adapter cards use?
PCI AGP PCIe
What type of expansion slot do NICs use?
PCI PCIe USB
What is this check called? What does that stand for?
POST - power on self test
When typing a document, to remove a character on the right of the cursor you would
PRESS THE DELETE KEY
What type of connector do older systems use for mouse and keyboard?
PS/2
What does the BIOS do?
Performs a basic hardware check at boot-up as well as supervising many other other procedures.
Where can you change the desktop background?
Personalization
Where should u go to change the desktop background?
Personalization
Data is stored in bits and bytes, what's the largest unit of conventional storage?
Petabyte (PB)
If an IDE ribbon cable is not keyed, how do you know how to connect the cable?
Pin 1 of the cable will be indicated with a red or blue stripe. Connect the red of blue stripe lining up to pin 1.
Outline the steps involved in proper lifting techniques.
Pre-Plan - know where you are going before you lift, choose a clear path (TBA) Increase balance by keeping your feet should width apart. One foot should be slightly forward. Take a deep breath - tighten shoulder muscles Bend at your knees and hips, not waist. lift smoothly, face the load, turn with your feet, not back.
How do you access the BIOS?
Pressing DEL or other function key. Depends on vendor.
In many programs short-cuts use the same settings, on a Windows computer the short-cut CTRL-P will initiate the following action-
Printing the document
Where should you check to install or uninstall a software application?
Programs and Features
Where should you click to install or uninstall a software application?
Programs and Features
What are some of the the main differences UEFI has from traditional BIOS?
Provides additional features compared to BIOS, such as larger hardrives and mouse support when making fundamental changes (TBA)
Why would you need to upgrade the video card?
Provides improved graphic capabilities for games, video editing software and graphic programs.
Which of the following are parts of the Windows Desktop?
Quick Launch Toolbar, System Tray, Taskbar
List the components that can be analyzed through built-in diagnostics.
RAM HDD Battery
If cost effective, what computer components might be considered for upgrade?
RAM, HDD (SSD), CPU. Video Card, Motherboard (maybe)
For most PCs, bootstrap is stored in
ROM (chk)
For most computers, the bootstrap is stored in-
ROM.
The initials RAM represent
Random Access Memory
What type of OS places priority on response time?
Real-Time OS
Where should you click in the start menu to view a list of files that have been modified recently?
Recent Items
Where do deleted files go?
Recycle Bin
Where can you add a new keyboard language?
Region and Language
What are some ways that the case can open?
Remove case lid as one piece Remove top piece of case, then remove the side panels. The top of case and the side panels are removed separately A latch is pulled to release the side panel, which can swing open
In the right click menu where should you click to rename a file or folder?
Rename
If no windows installations are found, which option is disable?
Repair
What can technicians use Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance for?
Repair and Upgrade Computers.
If there are problems with the installation of an application, what should the user or technician do?
Repair or uninstall the application.
If a power supply fails what do you do?
Replace the power supply.
List some common front panel cables.
Reset SW HDD LED PWR LED Speaker
What button would you click if you wanted to put a deleted file back in its original location?
Restore
Where in the right-click menu of a file should you click to return the file to its original destination once it has been moved to the Recycle Bin?
Restore
What does the Automated System Recovery (ASR) Wizard do?
Restores system files, configuration and disk partitions to a predetermined (backup) state.
Where is the scroll located in an active window?
Right hand side
What are the steps to customizing the Start Menu and Taskbar?
Right-click an empty section of the taskbar and choose Properties > Start Menu > Customize
What is the procedure for customizing the desktop in Windows 7 and Vista?
Right-click anywhere on the desktop and choose Personalize.
What is the procedure for customizing the desktop in Windows XP?
Right-click anywhere on the desktop and choose Properties. the Display Properties window, uses tabs, each tab customizes the display settings in a particular way.
How does a user view or change the properties of a file?
Right-click the icon and select Properties.
The folder in which Windows is installed is known generically as what?
Root
A right click on the desktop itself will
SHOW A CONTEXT-SENSITIVE MENU
What type of disk drive is Disk Defragmenter not recommended to use on?
SSD Trim these instead (send command to SSD to clear unused data cells)
What are the four startup options commonly used in Windows?
Safe Mode Safe Mode with Networking Safe Mode with Command Prompt Last Known Good Configuration
What is used for that supplying power now?
Sata power connector
What does CMOS do?
Saves setting configured in the BIOS
Name a few display features that can be change in Windows 7.
Screen Resolution Orientation Refresh Rate Display Colors (amount)
Which features were added to Windows Explorer in Windows 7?
Search Box New Folder Button Arrange By Preview Pane
You have an IDE hard drive and in IDE DVD drive on the same ribbon cable. What do you need to do so that both drives will function properly?
Select the hard drive to be the master and the DVD drive to be the slave.
Where in the right click menu of a file should you click to compress it?
Sent-To can be used.
What are the different ways file access take place?
Sequential Direct Indexed Sequential
Which applet can you use to view the status of all services on a system?
Services.msc
Windows 7 includes 3 new Aero features, what are they?
Shake Peek Snap
Which key should be used in combination with the mouse to select all files within a folder?
Shift
What is the 'splash screen'? How is it helpful?
Shown during POST, gives vendor information and will relay important information such as BIOS and boot selection hotkeys.
What does hibernate mean in WinXP/7?
Shutdown PC without closing running apps.
A floppy disk is designed to rotate _________ as compared to a hdd.
Slower RPM
What is a desktop shortcut?
Small file that points to a program, folder, documents or internet location.
List some legacy sockets for a 3.8 Ghz Pentium 4
Socket 423 Socket 478
Describe how one should installed software obtained from the internet?
Software obtained from Internet is normally compressed/zipped. You should decompress it, however many programs from the internet decompress themselves when opened, and you can follow the installation wizard.
What is the hypervisor?
Software that creates and manages a virtual machine on a host computer.
What is a factory recovery partition?
Some computers that have Windows 7-10 pre-installed from the factory contain a section of the disk that is inaccessible to the user. This partition, called a factory recovery partition, contains an image of the bootable partition created when the computer was built. You can use this partition to restore the computer to its original configuration.
The part that moves the read/write heads back and forth within a hard drive or optical drive is called what?
Spindle!!!!
What are standoffs and why are they important?
Standoffs hold the board in place and over (above) the metallic backing of the case to avoid short circuits.
What is used to physically separate the motherboard so that the metal contacts do not make contact with the metal case?
Standoffs.
What path is follow to display hidden file extensions in Windows 7?
Start > Control Panel > Folder Options > View > uncheck Hide extensions for known file types
How does a user access Internet Options?
Start > Control Panel > Internet Options
How can u access Windows Update in Windows 7?
Start > Control Panel > Windows Update
Where should you click to restart the computer?
Start Button > Power
You manage a PC that runs Win7. You perform an image backup and a virus infects the PC and makes it irresponsive. You have to restore the system ASAP, what is the best action to start this process?
Start PC using last known good configuration
How do you access a command prompt in Vista?
Start | Run, type cmd, and ENTER
What are registers?
Storage areas used by the CPU when performing calculations.
What are the characteristics of a Network OS?
Support multiple users Runs multi-user applications Provides increased security compared to desktop OSes
What Microsoft tool simplifies installing an OS on multiple computers?
SysPrep Tool
Where should you click to view the OS name?
System
Where should you click to view the OS?
System
By default control panel icons are grouped into what eight categories in Windows 7?
System & Security Network & Internet Hardware & Sound Programs User Accounts and Family Safety Appearance & Personalization Clock, Language & Region Ease of Access
Where can you change the screen resolution?
System > Display > Adjust Resolution
What are two distinct parts of the performance console?
System Monitor and Performance Logs
What utility is used to view the basic system information, access tools and configure advanced system settings?
System Utility
Computer software is divided into two types, application software and
System software
What are other parts to consider when you replace a motherboard?
TBC
What are some common uses for a computer?
TBC [ Using the Internet to Search Writing letters in Word Keeping track of finances in Excel E-mail ]
Computers have a number of ports which enable connection to a variety of devices
TBC [Parallel Port] [PS/2 Port] [Video Card Port] [Power Port]
What is called a supervisor of computer activity?
THE OS
What are some of the utilities that the Computer Management Console provides access to?
Task Scheduler Event Viewer Shared Folder Local User & Groups Performance Device Manager Disk Management
What can be displayed in monitor?
Temp, Fan Speed, Power Status
After developing theories about what is wrong, what is the next step to solving the problem?
Test theories to determine the cause of the problem.
What's the benefit of 64 bit architecture?
The 64-bit architecture adds additional registers specifically for instructions that use a 64-bit address space. The additional registers allow the CPU to process instructions much faster than x86.
If you wanted to disable Hyper-threading on a 3.6 Ghz Pentium 4 system, what would you use?
The BIOS setup program
What is the danger of setting incorrect bus speeds?
The CPU may run too hot and be damaged.
What controls almost all functions on a computer?
The OS
What is multi-processing?
The OS can support two or more CPUs
The computer is capable of operating multiple applications at the same time.
The OS can support two or more CPUs.
What's the difference between the OS and System Software?
The OS controls most of the functions on a computer, like controlling hardware access, managing files, directories and applications and providing a user interface. System Software is a term used to describe the OS, programming languages and utilities.
What does the OS enable a user to do?
The OS enables the user to interact with the software and hardware.
What is the active partition?
The OS uses the active partition to boot the computer.
What occurs when an action might present a threat to the system?
The UAC will warn the user and request elevation on behalf of the program.
What is the purpose of regularly backing up data to a removable storage device for off-site storage?
The backup will be safe in the event of an on-site fire.
On an AT power supply, how should you connect the P8 and P9 power connectors?
The black wires have to be together
What is boot device priority?
The boot device priority is the order in which devices are checked to locate the operating system. The boot device priority is set in the BIOS and can be arranged in any order.
On systems where there are multiple OS, the decision to load a specific one is done by
The bootloader
If you connect a new IDE hard drive and the drive is not recognized, what should you check first?
The cable
Explain multi-tasking.
The computer is capable of operating multiple applications at the same time.
What happens is the PSU screws are not properly tightened?
The fans will cause vibration that will loosen the screws further.
Why is backing up files off-site beneficial?
The files backed up with be safe in the event of an on site fire.
What is a benefit of online file storage?
The files can be accessed and shared securely from any internet-connected computer.
What is the relationship of the OS on a virtual machine and the OS one the host machine?
The guest is completely isolated from the host.
How can you identify an Access 2010 database file?
The icon displays a key? (TSA)
What's a clean installation?
The installation proceeds as if the disk were brand new. No information that is currently on the hard-drive is preserved.
What determines master or slave on an IDE ribbon cable?
The jumper settings (sometimes BIOS but grain of salt)
Where do you normally find HCLs?
The manufacturer's website.
In the display setting, which setting produces the best picture?
The native resolution of the display.
In a dual boot of Windows, which OS should be installed on the primary or active partition?
The oldest OS
What set of files are stored in the Windows Directories?
The operating system, applications, configuration information, and data files
How should one ensure there's always an adequate supply of printing paper?
The projected cost of printing paper over the financial year should be made and a schedule established
When a user makes changes to the Control Panel settings, file associations, system policies, or installed software, where are the changes stored?
The registry.
What resources does a virtual machine use?
The system resources of the host machine.
How does the user account differ from the computer administrator?
The user (standard) account doesn't have as many permissions and the admin, and can't make system-wide changes to all users.
When installing a a new CPU, what should you apply directly to the processor?
Thermal Compound
What is a requirement definition?
These are the things the client party want the software to perform.
What's a daily backup?
These only back up the files that are modified on the day of the backup. Daily backups do not modify the archive bit.
What is a first generation computer?
These were the first computers to have electronic valves in the form of vacuum tubes to perform calculations.
What is meant by the beta version of a program?
They are free distributions of some forth-coming programs. It's a preliminary version of a program in the final phases of testing.
What is the value of the log files created by the event viewer?
They provide the information necessary to identify a problem.
What use is information found with the System Information Tool?
This can be used to diagnose and troubleshoot a computer.
When would you use a recovery disk?
This can be used to restore the factory condition of a computer usually with factory installed software as well.
What happens when a process is ended using the Task Manager?
This causes the program to end immediately without saving any information.
What is a feasibility study?
This checks if the software is cost-effective and if the target hardware meets the requirements.
How many virtual machines can be run on a single host machine?
This depends on the resources of the machine.
Why is it important to read the EULA before installing and using commercial or shareware software?
This document gives the terms and conditions under which the software can be installed and used.
Why is it necessary to schedule software installing and upgrading?
This ensures that the clients experience minimal disruptions.
What is Ready Boost?
This feature uses fast flash external storage as virtual (cache) memory.
What is the function of the Windows Firewall?
This implements a security policy by selectively permitting and denying data traffic to a computer.
What's a Hardware Compatibility List? (HCL)
This is a list of computer hardware typically consisting of many peripheral devices, that's compatible with a specific OS.
In a dual boot, where's the BOOTMGR file located?
This is created on the active partition to allow selecting the OS to boot on startup.
Explain the term software piracy.
This is the illegal copying, distribution or use of software.
What is a cold boot?
This is the process of powering on the computer from a fully powered-off state.
Where is the primary partition?
This is usually the first partition, which contains the OS and other system files.
Why do organizations such as universities and school need site licenses?
This license enables them to install copies of the software on a specified number of computers.
Why should caution be used when ending processes?
This might prevent the system from running correctly. Changing the priority might also adversely affect the performance of the computer.
Why should the printer be cleaned properly?
This prevents streaked paper, and residue from ink cartridges (especially refilled) from building up and causing problems during printing.
What is the function of PnP?
This process assigns system resources and installs drivers for new hardware.
What is the purpose of the upgrade advisor?
This utility scans the system for hardware and software incompatibility issues in hardware before upgrading to newer editions of the Windows OS.
How do virtual machines connect to the internet?
Through a virtual network adapter. This acts like a real adapter and connects through the physical adapter on the host machine.
List the main BIOS settings to configure.
Time/Date Boot Order Clock Speed Power Options/Virtualization
What are the steps a user takes to access a Windows Library?
To access, open Windows Explorer and click Libraries in the left column.
Why would you use adapter cards?
To add functionality to the computer.
What is another function of the BIOS?
To customize specific aspects of the PC.
What is one good reason that companies choose to use client side virtualization?
To cut costs and allocated resources wisely.
Why must one conduct a feasibility study?
To determine if the software is economically, technically and operationally feasible to implement.
Explain the importance of upgrade installed software.
To enhance the capabilities of the software in response to changing organizational clients needs.
Why is it important to update antivirus regularly?
To ensure a good level of protection against new viruses.
What is the benefit of using the Folder Options utility to manage the directory and folder settings?
To ensure proper access to various types of files.
Why is it important to test software before accepting and installing it?
To ensure that it is in line with the organizaitons goals and clients' requirements.
Why is it important to schedule software installation and upgrading?
To ensure that the clients' experience minimal disruptions.
Why is it useful to monitor the voltage of the CPU or motherboard?
To ensure that voltages don't get too high or low (especially low voltage)
Why should you be sure t maintain space between the drives?
To maintain a good airflow throughout the case.
Why do you format a drive?
To prepare it to store information, such as data files and applications.
Why would a PC need an upgrade?
To run newer, more demanding programs and TBC
Why is it important to register software?
To show ownership of the software. Enables to receive automatic notification of software upgrades, and also makes you eligible for special offers and technical support from the software provider.
Occasionally files are accidentally deleted. if this occurs it may be possible to retrieve it from the
Trash (Mac) Recycle Bin (Windows)
What is meant by multi-user?
Two or more users have individual accounts that allow them to work with programs and periphera ldevices at the same time (TSA)
What are the two types of hypervisors?
Type 1 (Native) and Type 2 (hosted)
What is Windows Virtual PC?
Type 2 hosted hypervisor for Windows 7.
When a floppy drive ribbon cable, how should the ribbon cable be connected?
Typically, the red or blue line should be closest to the power connection.
What does mouse and keyboard use if there's no PS/2?
USB
What's the latest printer interface?
USB
What is perfect for backups and sharing your files with others?
USB stick
List some common system panel connectors.
USB, Headphone, Mic
Which SCSI interface allows up to 16 devices, including the adapter cable, to be connected on a single shared cable?
Ultra2 Wide SCSI
What does UEFI stand for?
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
What Microsoft utility is recommended for removing, changing or repairing applications?
Uninstall/Change A Program utility.
How many drives can a Windows Computer have?
Up to 26 physical and logical drives, because there are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
What options do you get when you choose Install now in Windows 7?
Upgrade, Custom (Advanced) and Quit.
To allow easy and efficient identification of files you should apply some basic principles when saving. Give a good example.
Use the suggested file name that the software gives you when saving.
What three windows tools can be used to migrate data?
User State Migration Tool Windows Easy Transfer Files and Settings Transfer Wizard
What information is needed to securely log on to a computer?
Username & Password
What is a floppy disk drive (FDD)
Uses a floppy disk to store information.
How many partitions can you have on a hard-drive?
Usually 4 primary ones.
How do you switch between modes in UEFI?
Usually F7
How can you tell the location of pin 1?
Usually a notch, arrow of indent on the pin or the connector.
What is a complication if an application is not uninstalled properly?
Usually files are left on the hardrive and unnecessary settings in the registry, which can slow access time.
How many extended partitions can you have on hard-drive?
Usually one, however it can be divided into smaller logical drives.
A monitor can also be referred to as a
VDU (Visual Display Unit)
Which video config produces an image that has a resolution of 640x480 and 16 colors?
VGA
You have a 3 row, 15 pin female connector or an expansion card. What kind of expansion card is it?
VGA display adapter
How can you find out what these beeps mean?
Varies depending on manufacturer specification, check website.
After solving the problem what is the next step in troubleshooting process?
Verify full system functionality.
Where's the status bar located in an active window?
Very bottom.
Which button do you click when you want to change the way your files are displayed on the screen - eg. from a detailed list to large icons?
Views (Drake)
What does the Task Manager enable the user to view and perform?
Views all applications that are running and to close any applications that have stopped responding.
What's another name for the hypervisor?
Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)
What are six utilities that can be managed from the Action Center?
Virus Protection Setup Backup Change Action Center Settings Change UAC Settings View Archived Messages View Performance Info
The process of restarting a PC already powered on is?
Warm Boot
When you purchase a power supply, the output power supply is measured in which units?
Watts
What steps are undertaken to ensure that clients experience minimal disruption from the implementation or upgrading of software?
When an office or a function is being computerized for the first time: Parallel Testing the computerized system with the existing manual system; this is followed by a sign-off by the technical people that the system is okay. User Acceptance Testing by the user. This is continued/re-done until the users are satisfied that the system satisfies their needs and sign-off on the system. The software is not implemented until these steps are completed successfully and signed-off on each stage.
What is one way to diagnose a failing CMOS battery?
When date/time are incorrect on boot.
What's a likely danger of not cleaning or covering equipment for long periods?
When equipment isn't guarded from dust or cleaned, the gradual buildup of dust will make components run hot and eventually malfunction.
When should preventative maintenance task take place?
When it causes the least amount of disruption to the people who use the PCs.
How does Remote Installation Services (RIS) differ from an image-based installation?
When performing image-based installations, begin by completely configuring one computer to an operational state. Next, run Sysprep to prepare the system for imaging. A third-party drive-imaging application prepares an image of the completed computer, which can be burned on to a DVD. You can then copy the image on to computers with compatible Hardware Access Layers (HALs) to complete the installation of multiple computers. With Remote Installation Services (RIS), the process is similar to an image-based installation, except you do not use a drive-imaging utility. You use an RIS network shared folder as the source of the Windows OS files.
What happens during boot when the OS is found?
When the drive storing the OS is located, the BIOS finds the Master Boot Record (MBR). At this point, Windows Boot Manager (BOOTMGR) controls several installation steps. For instance, if more than one OS is present on the disk, BOOTMGR gives the user a chance to select which one to use.
How does PC virtualization occur?
When the host PC uses its system resources to host a virtual machine.
How can you tell that the RAM module is inserted correctly?
When the slots in the module and board lined up and module is fully seated.
Why should a technician create a restore point?
When updating the OS, installing or upgrading hardware and installing/upgrading a driver.
Why would you need to alter the default BIOS settings?
Whenever hardware such as memory module or storage devices are added/changed
What are some common items identified in the BIOS?
Which drives are available Which drives can be booted How the memory is configured, and when it can be used How PCI and PCIe slots are configured
What two Windows OSes do not include Aero?
Windows 7 Starter and Vista Home Basic
Where can you find UEFI a lot?
Windows 8 and 10 OEM shipped PCs
What two Windows tools can be used to schedule tasks?
Windows Task Scheduler or CLI's 'at' command
Which recent Windows OS does not feature gadgets?
Windows XP, 8, 10
In the current software market what are the three most common OS?
Windows, Mac OS & Linux
Give three examples of search engines.
Yahoo, DuckDuckGo, Google
How are problems with devices indicated in Device Manager?
Yellow (!) if the device has an error. Red (x) if the device is disabled. White (i) if the device was manually selected. Green (?) if the device specific driver is not available.
