CISP 10-12

transaction

A business activity central to the nature of an enterprise - for example a product being sold, an airline flight being booked, or a college course grade being recorded.

record

A collection of related fields describing a single entity (person, place, thing or event) in a data table

data warehouse

A database that stores data gathered from one or more databases, creating a vast storage space for information to be used in a variety of ways. It receives only periodic updates, or may rely on data from other sources for updates

structured query language (SQL)

A popular query language that enables user to request information from a database. SQL works with most databases and can bridge communications gaps between different database systems

query by example (QBE)

A process in which the user builds a query by selecting one or more tables, adding the fields to display in the results in a query grid, and then entering the entry to match or other criteria in applicable files

OLAP cube

An array of data that structures data in multiple dimensions

database administration

An important IT function that involves operating and maintaining the database system

step 3: implementation stage

Designing a prototype, developing the system, purchasing hardware and software, installing and testing the system, training the users, approving the system

step 2: design stage

Developing the functional specifications and the design specifications

step 4: support stage

Identifying technical support requirements and providing a system for updates

referential integrity

Involves making sure that the records entered into tables remain consistent with the relationships between the tables

step 1: planning stage

Preparing a need analysis conducting a feasibility study or studies, establishing a project team and creating a project plan

data validation

Techniques that ensure that users enter correct and complete data into the system

System Development Lift Cycle

The comprehensive practice for building an information system, consisting of a series of steps cumulating in a completed information system

business intelligence

The information yielded through effective use of online analytical processing systems

quick response code (QR)

a code that provides a signal to a consumer that he or she can find out more about a product or service online, by scanning the code with a mobile or QR code scanner app

database

a collection of data organized in one or more data tables stored on a computer, managed using database management system software

information system (IS)

a combination of hardware, software, networks and other components that collect, store and process data that people in organizations use to manage daily and long-term operations and create and sell various types of products

systems integrator

a company that specializes in installing and supporting information systems

vertical market system

a complete package of applications that work together to perform core business functions for a large organization

hybrid database

a data base that may use different models together to allow more effective data handling

primary key

a database field that must contain only unique entries, such as unique numbers, so it can be used to locate records quickly

operational database

a database system that works by offering a snapshot of a fluid situation. It usually tracks a changing operation or situation, such as the inventory of a store

legacy database

a database that runs using languages, platforms or models that are no longer supported by an organizations current database system

data type

a field property that specifies the type of information the field will hold. Examples include numeric, alphanumeric and date

relational database

a model used by most modern databases in which fields with similar data can be connected between data tables or files in the database, making it possible to retrieve data from the related tables

radio frequency identification (RFID)

a modern warehouse technology used to enhance inventory tracking and placement

turnkey system

a new information system that contains everything a business needs to get it up and running

data mining

a process that involves using advanced computing to find patterns and relationships in large sets of data in order to apply an organizing structure and extract information

standard operating procedure (SOP)

a set of instructions describing how to perform a task

field

a single type of information in a data table such as name, an address or a dollar amount.

expert system

a sophisticated decision support system that attempts to model an expert's knowledge of a topic

flash sale

a special sale where the online retailer sells a small quantity or surplus of stock at a large discount for a limited period of time

customer relationship management (CRM)

a structured system to track interactions with current and potential customers, including building a customer contact list, targeted marketing and promotions, mobile and social marketing and customer service and support tracking

effective information system (EIS)

a system that attempts to bring together information from an entire organization, rather than focus on any one department or group, for strategic decision making by executives

electronic data interchange (EDI)

a system that automates repetitive business processes and is used by many businesses to exchange specially formatted business documents, such as purchase orders, invoices, credit application and approval forms, and shipping notices

statistical quality control (SQC)

a system that combines data tracking and modeling to quantify how well a factory operates, including measures such as final product quality compared with the conditions present throughout the manufacturing process

online analytical processing (OLAP)

a system that defines and clarifies methods of handling what if questions posed to large databases, as well to massively distributed data systems such as the Internet

niche information system

a system that exists to serve a specially focused set of customers

computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

a system that involves the direct use of computerized systems to manufacture products such as the use of robots in automobile manufacturing plants `

management information system (MIS)

a system that provides information that assists in the management of business operations

computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

a system that provides much broader coverage than a computer-aided manufacturing system. A CIM focuses not only on the factory floor but also on the company as a whole

decision support system (DSS)

a system that uses data modeling to evaluate business cases or problems to help managers make informed business judgments

enterprise resource planning (ERP)

a system that uses integrated applications or modules for the various business functions that work with the data in a centralized database.

flat file database

a traditional data file storage system that contains only one data table or file

distributed database

a type of database that spreads its data across multiple networked computers, with each one storing a portion of the data. It can hold more information and allows for cheap and easy expansion as for public cloud computing

object oriented database

a type of database that stores data in the form of objects

multimedia database

a type of database that uses a cube structure to organize data and is typically optimized for online analytical processing (OLAP) applications

supply chain management (SCM)

an area of expertise that involves establishing, running and refining a supply chain

connectivity

the ability to link with other programs and devices

normalization

the process of structuring a database to avoid redundancy and undesirable dependencies