CIT 173 Midterm Review

Which directory contains persistent, system-specific configuration data?

/etc

Which item or file represents the location of the local group information?

/etc/group

Which item or file represents the location of the local user account information?

/etc/passwd

Which directory contains user home directories?

/home

Which directory is the administrative superuser's home directory?

/root

Which directory contains non-persistent process runtime data?

/run

Which directory contains temporary files?

/tmp

Which directory contains installed software programs and libraries?

/usr

Which directory contains regular commands and utilities?

/usr/bin

Which directory contains dynamic data, such as for databases and websites?

/var

Which answer displays output to a terminal and ignores all errors?

2>/dev/null

Open source means:

You can view the software's source code You can modify the software's source code

Which pattern will match only filenames where the first character is not "b"?

[!b]*

Which pattern will match only filenames that begin with an uppercase letter?

[[:upper:]]*

Which pattern will match only filenames beginning with "b"?

b*

Which command changes your shell's current working directory.

cd

Which Bash shortcut or command is used to re-execute a recent command by matching the command name?

!string

What command shows variables?

$

Which answer discards all messages normally sent to the terminal?

&>/dev/null

Which answer sends both output and errors to a file, creating it or overwriting its contents?

&>file

Which pattern will match only filenames that contain a number?

*[[:digit:]]*

Which pattern will match only filenames ending with "b"?

*b

Which pattern will match all filenames containing a "b"?

*b*

Options for "ls" command

-1 (long listing format, -a(all files, including hidden files), -R (Recursive, to include the contents of all sub-directories)

What command displays a certain amount of lines for a file?

-n "number"

Which directory is the top of the system's file system hierarchy?

/

Which Bash shortcut or command separates commands on the same line?

;

Which answer saves output to a file and discards error messages?

> file 2> /dev/null

Which answer sends output and errors to the same file ensuring existing file content is preserved?

>>file 2>&1

Which answer sends output to a file and sends errors to a different file?

>file 2>file2

Which pattern will match only filenames at least three characters in length?

???*

What is a dangling link?

A soft link that is no longer linked to a file.

/tmp

A world-writable space for temporary files. Files which have not been accessed, changed, or modified for 10 days are deleted from this directory automatically. Another temporary directory exists, /var/tmp, in which files that have not been accessed, changed, or modified in more than 30 days are deleted automatically.

What text color is a is a directory?

Blue

The acronym CLI stands for:

Command Line Interface

/etc

Configuration files specific to this system.

/dev

Contains special device files that are used by the system to access hardware.

The most important consideration when choosing an operating system is:

What the computer will do

/boot

Files needed in order to start the boot process.

Which item represents a number that identifies the group at the most fundamental level?

GID

/home

Home directories are where regular users store their personal data and configuration files.

/root

Home directory for the administrative superuser, root.

What is in the folder /usr

Installed software, shared libraries, include files, and read-only program data. Important subdirectories include:

What text color is a symbolic link?

Light blue

Which two statements describe the benefits of Linux? (Choose two.)

Linux is modular and can be configured as a full graphical desktop or a small appliance; Linux includes a powerful and scriptable command-line interface, enabling easier automation and provisioning

The bootloader's job is to:

Load the kernel after the computer is powered on

/usr/local

Locally customized software.

Which environment variable contains a list of directories that is searched for commands to execute?

PATH

Which two of the following are ways in which RedHat develops their products for the future and interacts with the community? (Choose two.)

Participate in upstream projects; Sponsor and integrate open source projects into the community-driven Fedora project

Which term describes the hardware display and keyboard used to interact with a system?

Physical Console

Which Bash shortcut or command jumps to the beginning of the command line?

Pressing Ctrl+A

Which Bash shortcut or command is used to clear characters from the cursor to the end of the command line?

Pressing Ctrl+K

Which Bash shortcut or command jumps to the beginning of the previous word on the command line?

Pressing Ctrl+LeftArrow

Which Bash shortcut or command is used to complete commands, file names, and options?

Pressing Tab

What text color is a dangling link?

Red

/run

Runtime data for processes started since the last boot. This includes process ID files and lock files, among other things. The contents of this directory are recreated on reboot. This directory consolidates /var/run and /var/lock from earlier versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Which term describes the interpreter that executes commands typed as strings?

Shell

/usr/sbin

System administration commands

Which term describes an interface that provides a display for output and a keyboard for input to a shell session?

Terminal

The shell program interprets the commands you type into the terminal, into instructions that the Linux operating system can execute.True or False?

True

Which item represents a number that identifies the user at the most fundamental level?

UID

/usr/bin

User commands.

/var

Variable data specific to this system that should persist between boots. Files that dynamically change, such as databases, cache directories, log files, printer-spooled documents, and website content may be found under /var.

Which term describes one of multiple logical consoles that can each support an independent login session?

Virtual Console

Which command is used to return to the current user's home directory, assuming the current working directory is /tmp and their home directory is /home/user?

cd

Which command will always return you to the working directory used prior to the current working directory?

cd -

Which command will always change the working directory to the parent of the current location?

cd ..

Which command will always change the working directory up two levels from the current location?

cd ../..

Which command will change the working directory to /tmp if the current working directory is /home/student?

cd ../../tmp

Which command will always change the working directory to /bin?

cd /bin

Which command is used to copy a directory and its contents?

cp -r directory "new-directory"

Which command is used to copy a file?

cp file "new-file"

What command displays the date?

date

What command displays the current time in 12 hour format?

date +%r

What command gives information about a file?

file "filename"

What command gives the first 10 lines of a file?

head "filename"

The _______ command will print a list of the commands that you've previously executed.

history

Which Bash shortcut or command displays the list of previous commands?

history

Which item or file represents the location of the user's personal files?

home directory

Which file has a group ownership of consultant1?

lfile1

Which file can be modified by the contractor1 user?

lfile2

Which item represents the program that provides the user's command-line prompt?

login shell

Which command has multiple options for displaying attributes on files.

ls

Which command lists files in the current location, using a long format, and including hidden files?

ls -al

What is the command to add a directory?

mkdir

Which command is used to create a directory?

mkdir "directory"

What is the fourth field of the /etc/passwd file?

primary group

Which term describes the visual cue that indicates an interactive shell is waiting for the user to type a command?

prompt

What command displays the full path name of the current working directory for that shell

pwd

Which command displays the absolute path name of the current location?

pwd

Which regular file is owned by operator1 and readable by all users?

rfile1

Which file cannot be read by the operator2 user?

rfile2

Which command is used to remove a directory containing files

rm -r directory

Command to traverse directories to files with options to remove both

rm -ri "directory"

Which command is used to remove a file?

rm file

What is the command to remove a directory?

rmdir

Remove an empty directory

rmdir directory

What command displays last 10 lines of a file?

tail "filename"

Which command normally updates a file's timestamp to the current date and time without otherwise modifying it?

touch

Which answer sends output to both the screen and a file at the same time?

| tee file