Civil Rights & Nixon Test Review

Realpolitik

"Political realism."

WWII

20th Century event that was the most significant in changing stereotypes for women in U.S. society.

Malcolm X

3 clues: African American leader, formed member of the nation of Islam, militant stance.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

A law that banned discrimination in housing.

Black Panthers.

A militant African-American political organization formed in 1966.

Affirmative Action

A policy that seeks to correct the effects of past discrimination by favoring groups who were previously disadvantaged.

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Acronym, 1st group to use sit-ins.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Acronym, MLK, racial harmony organization.

Poll tax, literacy tests, fear and repression of voting

After the U.S. government granted African American males voting rights in 1870, what did many Southern States institute to limit Black political power?

Kerner Commission

Appointed by President Johnson to study the causes of urban violence.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Banned all literacy test on elections.

Nation of Islam

Black Muslims.

Long Island, NY

By the 1950s a mass exodus of white urban dwellers had moved out to the new regions known as the suburbs. The first suburban residential town was Levittown. Where is this located?

Medgar Evers

Byron De La Beckwith was eventually convicted of killing this NAACP worker and WWII veteran.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Civil rights legislation signed by President Johnson.

SALT I Treaty

Five-year agreement signed by Nixon and Brezhnev that limited the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and submarine-launched missiles to 1972 levels.

Give federal $ to public and parochial schools to buy supplies.

General goal of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.

Little Rock Nine

Group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas.

Freedom Riders

Group that traveled to South to target unfair treatment of blacks.

The Law and Order Candidate

In 1968 Nixon claimed to be this candidate.

Congressional voting districts

Johnson's policy toward "reapportionment" attempt to have these be more reflective of the population.

Money, Mississippi

Location of Emmett Till tragedy.

Montgomery, Alabama

Location of the famous bus boycott take place.

Watergate

Much of the basis of the scandal that plagued Nixon's second term was over the cover-up by Nixon and his team of DNC headquarters at what Washington Hotel.

Detente period

Name of Nixon's attempt to ease tension with enemy Cold War nations.

James Meredith

Name of the first African American student to attend the former segregated Ole Miss University

Black Panthers

Name of the militant African American political organization formed in 1966.

The South

Nixon used racism to attract votes from what region?

President Ford

Nixon's VP who became president when Nixon stepped down and pardoned Nixon for Watergate.

H. R. Haldeman

Nixon's White House chief of staff.

John Ehrlichman

Nixon's chief domestic adviser.

John Mitchell

Nixon's former attorney general.

Détente

Nixon's general easing of tension with enemy Cold War nations was referred to as this.

New Federalism

Nixon's plan which distributed a portion of federal power to state and local governments.

The South (Nixon's Southern Strategy)

Nixon, a native Californian, was able to use thinly veiled bigotry and racism toward political activists and civil rights leaders. This tactic appealed to many citizens, and was a basis for Nixon carrying this specific region of the country.

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Organization founded in the early 1900s and fought for equal rights for African Americans.

University of Michigan

President Johnson's Great Society Speech was given at what university?

John Sirica

Presiding judge in the 1973 trial of the Watergate who made clear his belief that the men had not acted alone.

Sit-ins

Protest against segregated eateries.

Freedom riders

Protested segregated busing.

China.

Richard Nixon visited what communist Asian nation, being the first President to do so?

Henry Kissinger

Richard Nixon's National Security Advisor; US' Chief Negotiator with North Vietnam; Became major player in shaping US foreign affairs in 1970.

15th Amendment

Right to vote to all males, regardless of race.

De jure segregation

Segregation by law.

De facto segregation

Segregation by practice.

Doll Test

Showed that in many communities, white were better than black.

Nixon's Domestic Agenda

Shrink government; 1st president to have war on drugs.

"Black Power"

Slogan used by Stokely Carmichael in the 1960s that encouraged African-American pride and political and social leadership.

Ralph Nader

Social advocate and politician pushed federal legislation for seat belts to be mandatory in all cars.

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Started by Ella Baker in North Carolina.

Revenue Sharing

State and local governments could spend their federal dollars however they saw fit within certain limitations.

Freedom Summer

Targeted unfair Southern voting practices.

Stagflation

Term for high inflation and high unemployment.

Medicaid

Term for the following definition: Federal health insurance for those who cannot afford it or are on welfare.

Medicare

Term for the following definition: Hospital insurance and low cost medical insurance for US citizens over the age of 65.

Lyndon Johnson

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed by what sitting President?

Housing

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned all discrimination in _______

Quotas

The Immigration Act of 1965, part of Johnson's Great Society program, eliminated these when it came to U.S. immigration.

Shirley Chisholm

The first African-American woman in the United States House of Representatives.

Miranda v. Arizona 1966

The statement: "You have the right to remain silent, anything can and will be used against you in a court of law....," came from what Great Society era court case?

The 13th Amendment

This Reconstruction Era Amendment banned all forms of slavery in the United States.

The Feminine Mystique

This book, by Betty Friedan, discuss the awakening of a national woman's liberation movement by the 1960s.

"Glass ceiling"

This concept was coined by the late 1950s, and referred to a barrier that did not allow women in the workforce to advance in their careers.

Brown v. Board of Education

This court case abolished segregation within public schooling

Plessy v. Ferguson

This court case established the legal precedent for "separate but equal."

Black Codes

This period immediately following the Civil War saw many southern states enact regulations that were aimed at creating an environment for blacks that was described as "slavery without the chains". These regulations were collectively called this (two word term).

"Nuclear family"

This type of family was stressed in the media and many believed in would uphold American values and assist in defeating the Soviets; dad who works; mom who stays home; two children; white picket fence.

Saturday Night Massacre

Took the president to court in October 1973 to obtain the tapes. Nixon refused and ordered Attorney General Richardson to fire Cox. Richardson refused the order and resigned while the deputy attorney general also refused the order and he was fired.

C.R.E.E.P. (Committee to reelect the President)

Tried to cheat; Broke into democrat headquarters to get info to win.

Family Assistance Plan (FAP)

Under this policy, every family of four with no outside income would receive a basic federal payment of $1,600 a year, with a provision to earn up to $4,000 a year in supplemental income.

Stokely Carmichael

Used the term "Black Power" as a battle-cry during the civil rights movement.

Desegregated the U.S. Armed Forces

What role did Executive Order 9981 play in the Civil Rights Movement?

Passive Resistance, Civil Disobedience

What two word term would describe Martin Luther King's approach to the Civil Rights Movement?

14th Amendment

Which of the "Reconstruction Amendments" established the Equal Protection Clause.