Civil War

Describe THREE elements of compromise in the Compromise of 1850:

A. Popular Sovereignty (California free state) B. Fugitive Slave Act 1850 C. Texas couldn't have any new land but their debts were paid off

Name two effects this horrible defeat in December 1862 has on the North:

A. Soldiers were leaving due to war conditions B. Lincoln's popularity and Northern Morale also began to plummet

Give two reasons why Lee decides to invade the North for a second time in June 1863:

A. Southern Economy was crumbling which led to riots in their towns B. Running out of supplies for the army

How many casualties (killed) were there at Antietam?

A. Union:12,400 B. Confederate: 10,203 in total 22,719 causalities

What's wrong with the military leadership at the beginning of the war?

Generals were inexperienced and huge waves of incoming recruits.

After Lee's invasion is defeated in Pennsylvania, Lincoln returns to the site of the decisive battle and gives which famous speech which expresses the need to win the war and preserve the Union?

Gettysburg Address

What does Lincoln need militarily before he can make a declaration to free the slaves?

He needed a victory before he could declare emancipation.

Who does Lincoln replace McClellan with in late 1862 to lead the Union Army in the East?

He replaces McClellan with General Burnside was put in charge of the Army of the Potomac and went south.

What does Grant know in 1864 he must destroy in order to win the war.

Lee and his army.

How does Lee win this major battle in May 1863 even though he is heavily outnumbered?

Lee had split his smaller army into two to fight Hooker.

What event in 1819 upsets the delicate balance of free and slave states?

Missouri becoming a slave state or free state.

The first battle of ironclads (ships covered in protective iron plates) took place between which two famous ships at Hampton Roads, Virginia?

The Monitor The Merrimack

How does the Union Army get really lucky during Lee's invasion of the North?

The North had found General Lee's battle plans wrapped around cigars where Lee was planning on splitting up his forces.

On paper, why is the South fighting a losing cause?

The North outnumbered them, had more supplies, and could manufacture quicker.

What crucial military change happens for African-American men in 1863 that they had been demanding since the war began?

The Union finally allowed Black men to enlist and fight in the war.

Why is New Orleans such a vital strategic target for the North to seize?

The Union had proclaimed a blockade "of all Southern ports to halt all ships carrying arms and supplies to the confederacy." However, despite capturing many, if not most ports, European ships kept bypassing the blockade by entering through the port of New Orleans. If the Union could capture New Orleans, they could starve the Confederacy of supplies and essentially put the Confederacy as a whole under siege.

Which Union General crushed the Confederates at Vicksburg and then given command of the armies in the East?

Ulysses S. Grant.

General George McClellan

Union General at Antietam. Very cautious and boastful selfish claimed he was going to save the nation

What were the number of casualties (killed) at Shiloh?

Union: 13,047 Northern casualties. Confederate: 10,694 Southern casualties.

Who are the opposing commanders at Ft. Sumter?

Union: Major Robert Anderson Confederate: P.G.T. Beauregard

What is the name of the key fortress city that Grant needs to take on the Mississippi River?

Vicksburg

Where does Lee lay a trap for the invading Union army in August, 1862?

Virginia

Why are Southern civilians angry during the war against their own Confederate government?

War shortages made prices soar, made it hard to even eat/feed families. People blamed merchants.

Surprisingly, most Northern abolitionists opposed slavery based on ___________________________ issues rather than on moral grounds.

economic

Why was a balance between the states seen as so important?

if one state had majority they could win politically

Alexander Stephens, Vice President of the Confederacy, claimed that secession was based on what "great truth"?

the great truth of racial inequality.

What is the ironic link between the two opposing commanders at Ft. Sumter?

"Ironically, P. G. T. Beauregard's favorite teacher during his years at West Point was artillery instructor major Robert Anderson."

What does "Shiloh" ironically mean?

"Shiloh" is a Hebrew word ironically meaning "place of peace."

Why did Lincoln have to disguise himself when he traveled to Washington, D.C.?

- there were assassination plots. He had received threatening letters of death threats due to him becoming president.

How many deaths occurred at First Manassas/Bull Run?

4,800 men died/were wounded.

How many slave states don't immediately leave the Union?

4 border states

With the final capture of the key city of ________ Lincoln easily wins the election of 1864.

Atlanta.

Where does the war begin? (name the exact location)

It begins in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor or Fort Sumter

The South expects they have won independence after winning the first shooting incident and taking the besieged fort, but they are quickly proven wrong. What does Lincoln do after the fort surrenders that sets the war into full swing?

"You're about to get a roundhouse to the face."called out for 75,000 volunteers and people came down to start the war.

why does McClellan's Peninsula Campaign of 1862 in Virginia start to fail right away?

(BLUE)McClellan was faced into thinking that the Confederates had a small army although their (red) General McGruder maneuvered and split them up.

Ironically, both sides called their forces in the Shiloh campaign The Army of ____, one named after the state and the other named after the river.

(the) Tennessee

Despite all his personal tragedy, constant political backbiting, and endless number of defeats on the battlefield early in the war, which traits does Lincoln show that demonstrate his great leadership?

- His composure and determination he kept on going. He didn't abandon the country when it needed him the most. Responsibility also chimed him to keep his family together. He finally took control when McClellan obviously wasn't going to do it.

What was John Brown's crazy plan to free the slaves in the South?

- cease arms at Harper's Ferry - free slaves - incite a slave uprising.

Why is Charles Sumner attacked on the floor of the Senate?

- gave a speech in congress abt slave owners of the democratic party. -> Preston felt attacked and he began to beat Charles.

What is Lincoln's public stance on slavery when running for office?

- no side he claimed - wanted to stop the expansion of slavery but thought it was a dying cause

Why doesn't popular sovereignty and local democracy work in Kansas?

- popular sovereignty many people from both sides rushed to Kansas to try and gain power and sway the votes. While they were there they began to fight.

Who is John Brown and what does he do in Kansas?

- radical abolitionist and a failed businessman he dedicated his life to the underground railroad. - Him and his sons killed pro-slavery settlers

What was the role of women in the Civil War? (3)

1) Northern women filled factory spots 2) Southern women ran plantations and farms 3) Women would sew/knit socks, clothes, and others for soldiers.

Name the four parts of the military strategy plan to destroy the Confederacy in 1864.

1) Press the Confederates on all fronts. 2) General Nathaniel Banks would capture Mobile, Alabama. 3) General Tecumseh Sherman would move south to Atlanta. 4) General Ulysses S. Grant would join the Army of the Potomac to advance through Virginia.

Name the commanders of the Army of Northern Virginia in order (4):

1. Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard 2. General J. E. Johnston 3. Major General G. W. Smith 4. General Robert E. Lee

How many times do the Confederates charge Union lines at Shiloh and are thrown back?

12 times.

How many times does "The Cornfield" on the Union right flank change hands at the battle of Antietam?

13 times.

The _______ Amendment is passed in 1865 which ends slavery.

13th.

What is the reputation of General Henry Halleck?

A military book writer, General Henry Halleck was known as "old brains," as he was a "thinker, not a doer." He wasn't seen as a huge threat and as the video states, "Johnston has little to fear."

Who is Clara Barton and what did she do that made her famous?

A spinster prior to the war, Clara Harlow Barton was mortified by the Union dead being buried in Washington. So, she volunteered as a nurse and helped identify 22,000 Union dead who would have otherwise remained unknown. She corresponds with thousands of families and later goes on to fight for women's suffrage.

Name THREE elements of the Union's grand strategy plan to defeat the South (The Anaconda Plan):

A. Blockade would cut off and steal the South supplies by sea B. Take control of the Mississippi River (splitting the south's economic artery) C. Main force in the East would move South and take control of the confederate capital

Give two reasons why Lee invades the North in September 1862:

A. Gain Europe's Recognition B. Crush Northern morale for the elections making the North have to negotiate

List TWO problems Lincoln has with his generals at the beginning of the war:

A. Generals were getting old B. Fearful or cautious when it came to war tactics

What did Lincoln say in his inauguration speech about (A) slavery (B) secession?

A. Lincoln had said that he would not take anyone slaves B. In terms of secession a rebellion in the people's hands and not in his.

Three parts of the Missouri Compromise

A. Maine as a free state B. Missouri Slave state C. 36'30 anything below Missouri slave anything above free

Which controversial steps does Lincoln take to get the border states under control that greatly oversteps his constitutional authority and makes many accuse him of being a tyrant?

Abe wouldn't allow the media to push out anything where you would have to feel bad for the South. If you did feel bad for the South some were even arrested.

Why do men enlist? (5)

Adventure, conscience, honor, abolish slavery, girls.

What stupid thing did Confederate leaders do in the battle for Fort Donelson right at the point where they are about to win the fight?

After bickering about tactics, they make a strange move by pulling their winning troops back into the fort. That night, General Pillow and Floyd snuck out of Fort Donelson across the river with General Buckner remaining to negotiate a surrender.

Who was the Confederate commander at Shiloh?

Albert Sidney Johnston.

Both armies begin to gather around ______ Creek by the Potomac River, near the small town of Sharpsburg, Maryland. The Confederates referred to the battle by this name.

Antietam.

Where does Lee finally surrender his worn-down Army of Northern Virginia?

Appomattox Court House.

How many died in the Civil War?

Around 750,000 were killed in total. ~290,000 from the South, ~365,000 from the North, ~50,000 civilians, and 80,000+ slaves.

Why does the Union retreat at First Manassas/Bull Run become a rout (panic)?

As the troops started to panic, they ran and fled quickly. On their way back however, "Sunday gawkers" clogged the way out and the road back to Washington D.C. was jammed by fleeing troops and panicking civilians, who had come to watch the battle, leading to panic and chaos.

Which game-changing battle in Maryland in September 1862 becomes the single bloodiest day in American history?

Battle of Antietam

In which major battle in Virginia does the new Union commander attack Lee in May 1863?

Battle of Chancellorsville

Which is the war's bloodiest battle in Pennsylvania that greatly helps decide the fate of the war?

Battle of Gettysburg - blue george meade won - red robert e lee

In April 1862, what battle quickly becomes the bloodiest battle in American history to date when Southern forces slam into the invading Union Army in Tennessee?union won

Battle of Shiloh

Which early battle in 1861 is a setback for the North in Missouri which causes them to lose control of the southwest portion of the state?

Battle of Wilson's Creek

Lincoln attempts to give another general, (blue) James Pope, a chance to invade Virginia and win the war. What happens to Pope's invasion?

Blue General John Pope had lost since the Confederates kicked his butt at Cedar mountain raided his camp and stole from him money and clothes.

What happens to Lincoln's assassin later?

Booth fled the city and was later found in a barn in Virginia, where he was shot.

What is the name of the bridge named after the Union general who stupidly threw his men across it into a deadly shooting gallery when they could have just waded across the knee-deep Antietam Creek?

Burnside Bridge

Which Union general (who is Grant's best friend) will become known as one of the most brilliant and ruthless generals in the war?

General William Tecumseh Sherman.

Despite getting booted from Tennessee, Confederate General Braxton Bragg successfully counterattacks and besieges Union forces around the town of ____________________, Tennessee.

Chattanooga

Who is the "The Angel of the Battlefield?"

Clara Barton.

In a move toward reconciliation, what oddly happens to almost all of the Southern leaders after the war?

Confederate generals and politicians were allowed to re-enter life in the now restored Union.

What happens when conscription (the draft) is introduced?

Controversy in the North due to the rich men could pay to have someone fight for them, with that came riots that broke out in New York City. Many did not like the idea for risking their lives to fight for slaves.

Which intrepid Union naval officer storms past the two protective forts guarding New Orleans and seizes the city?

David Farragut.

Who organized Northern Nurses during the war?

Dorthea Dix.

What famous order does Lincoln publish after Lee's crushing defeat in Maryland in 1862?

Emancipation Proclamation

After Lee's invasion of the North is halted at Antietam, Lincoln issues The

Emancipation Proclamation.

What was the first major battle of the Civil War?

First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas).

What goes wrong with the Union attack at First Manassas/Bull Run?

Firstly, McDowell and his troops march out of Washington a week later than he expected. Moreover, McDowell's plan was to fake an attack then march 14 miles upstream to engage them on their left flank. Already tired from battle, McDowell's army took too long and the Confederate troops caught on. The Confederates moved their defenses and confronted the Union head on. Soon, McDowell's untrained offensive collapses as they are confused and tired and start to run back. Too inexperienced for a disciplined retreat, the Union troops fled in a "great skedaddle."

Where was the Union's first major victory out West after a series of defeats at the start of the war?

Fort Henry and Fort Donelson.

After Grant refuses to retreat after being beaten the first day of the battle at Shiloh, what event changes things around on the second day?

General Buell and his 25,000 men reinforcement arrive along with General Lew Wallace with his 5,000 additional men. Now the exhausted Confederates are heavily outnumbered and retreat back to Corinth.

Which general is credited for organizing and training the Union Army after the war started?

General George B. McClellan.

With the war looking like a stalemate in 1864, who runs against Lincoln as the "peace candidate"?

General George B. McClellan.

Who is the Union's new top general who leads the armies in the East? blue

General George McClellan

Who does Lincoln put in charge of all Union forces in order to finally create a synchronous command structure to crush the South in 1864?

General Grant.

Who is the Union commander at First Manassas/Bull Run?

General Irvin McDowell

How did the Confederates catch the Union by surprise at Shiloh?

General Johnston knew he had to attack Grant before his reinforcements arrived. So, on a peaceful morning, while Union troops were making breakfast, Confederate troops attacked the unsuspecting Union camp, catching them off guard.

Which Confederate general surrenders the last main army the Confederates have left?

General Johnston.

After the disastrous defeat in December 1862, who becomes the next commander of (blue)Union forces in the East in early 1863?

General Joseph Hooker was put in charge of the Army of the Potomac.

After failing to take the Union Army on both the flanks, Lee greatly miscalculates and attacks the Union center taking massive casualties in what was known as, "____ Charge".

General Pickett's

Which Union general pushes the Confederates out of eastern Tennessee in 1863?

General Rosecrans

Which tenacious Union general launches a successful drive on Atlanta and besieges it?

General Tecumseh Sherman

Which Union general (and future President) is winning battles and gaining a good reputation recapturing Kentucky and Tennessee?blue

General Ulysses S. Grant

Why do so many Northern generals, writers, and politicians criticize Grant during his Overland Campaign in Virginia?

Grant kept throwing his men at Lee, which led to the death of around 55,000 Union troops. This earned him the name, "the butcher," from his haters.

What makes Grant different than the other Union commanders in the East who preceded him?

Grant knew his enemies and was not overly cautious. For example, knowing the Lee was running out of men, Grant pushed forwards instead of backing down.

Describe Grant's odd job background prior to war outside his time in the U.S. Army:

Grant was known for resigning his Army Commission, but some believed that he'd been cashiered because of a drinking problem. Moreover, in his civilian life, he tried farming (which he gave up when he failed to grow anything), he sold firewood, and he even tried clerking in a store when the war broke out. A little side note, he also once owned a slave who he later freed instead of selling him out of his kind heart (despite needing the cash).

How does McClellan handle his failure after the Peninsula Campaign?

He believes that he didn't lose but successfully retreated.

What is the nickname of this general after he captures key forts in Kentucky and Tennessee?blue

He calls himself Unconditional Surrender Grant.

How does Grant solve the problem of finally defeating Vicksburg's heavy defenses after months of failed direct assaults and bloody stalemate?

He had moved Northeast instead of moving straight to Vicksburg. He had hit their supply line and found his way to Vicksburg and held siege over there.

Name the three states Lincoln lived in before becoming President:

He lived in Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois

Why would freeing the slaves prevent the Europeans from joining the South?

If the North had a noble cause to fight for Europe wouldn't join.

Where does Lee lay a trap for the invading Union army in August, 1862?

In Virginia at the Second Battle of Bull Run.

What were the aims of the South?

Independence.

Who is the President of the Confederacy?

Jefferson Davis

Who assassinates Lincoln?

John Wilkes Booth.

In 1864, who was the Confederate general who surprisingly marched up the Shenandoah Valley, invaded Maryland and threatened Washington D.C.?

Jubal Early.

When a jealous General Halleck tries to undermine his subordinate Grant by labeling him a drunk, how does Lincoln respond to this serious accusation?

Lincoln jokingly responds by saying, "I wish I knew what he drank, I would give a bottle of it to every one of my generals."

Who is Louisa May Alcott and what did she do that made her famous?

Louisa May Alcott is famous for writing the novel "Little Women Nurse."

Who is given command of a new union Army sent to invade central Virginia after McClellan fails on the Peninsula in 1862?

Major General John Pope.

Why are many Northerners happy the war has started?

Many Northerners are happy as the war had put an end to the "abating, the compromising, the pretenses..." and it also put an end to the "unbearable tension."

Army of the Potomac (Union)

McDowell McClellan John Pope McClellan Burnside Hooker Meade Parke(abscences) Grant

Why do Indians side with the Confederacy out West?

Non-slave holding Indians sided with the Union while slave holding sided with the Confederacy. However, most sided with the Confederacy as the US government had been bullying them for years now.

Why do Northerners and Southerners don't trust each other?

North felt the south were going to expand slavery in the south and the north wanted to take the slaves away.

There are three ongoing "nuances" or conflicts

North vs. South Republican vs. Democrat States vs. Federal Government

Once this Confederate stronghold is taken, how will this help the Union win the war?

Once Vicksburg fell the confederacy would split into two. This will help the Union army win.

Why is the grant under fire from other generals and members of Lincoln's cabinet after his big victory in Tennessee?

Others accused Grant of throwing his men to the enemy in terms of war tactics and admitted to Lincoln he was a drunk.

After a series of bloody battles, instead of a frontal assault, Grant decides to swing south of Richmond and besiege the railroad junction town of __________ which is the main supply line to the Confederate capital.

Petersburg.

Why is Lincoln in trouble politically in 1864?

Politically due to the election coming up due 4 years have passed.

What inventions emerged during The Civil War?

Railroad artillery, telegram, medicine, Ironclad ships, rifles, and faster more accurate guns.

What were the aims of the North?

Re-establish the Union.

What happens to the Confederate commanding general at Shiloh?

Recklessly riding into the "Shiloh fury," he was struck many times and General Albert Sidney Johnston soon bled to death.

What happens to Richmond when the Confederates abandon their capital?

Richmond was evacuated and Jefferson Davis went on the run. Then, as they left, the Confederates set fire to military buildings which burned out of control. When Union troops arrived soon after, they became firefighters.

What is the name of the massacre of Indians in Colorado in 1862?

Sand Creek.

What happens to the South immediately after the war?

Scattered fighting continued into May until the last Confederate force disintegrated in Texas. Then, the southern states came under Northern military occupation as to prevent any further rebellion and a difficult era of reconstruction began.

The Confederate series of bashing counterattacks that brilliantly drove the Union away from Richmond was known as the Battle of the ________ Days.

Seven______

Both armies begin to gather around Antietam Creek by the Potomac River, near the small town of _______ Maryland. The Confederates referred to the battle by this name.

Sharpsburg

What bold strategy does Sherman use to win the war after he takes Atlanta?

Sherman knew that an army was nothing without the support of the people. So, to demoralize the people, Sherman marched through the heartland of the Confederacy and then through South Carolina, the first state to secede. All along the way, they tore up rail roads, communication lines, and liberated slaves. This was also known as a scorched-earth policy.

What document was issued by Lincoln after the battle of Antietam that changes the goals of the war?

The Emancipation Proclamation.

What was the first major land battle fought in Virginia after Fort Sumter fell?

The First Battle of Bull Run

Which speech does Lincoln give in July 1863 which defines the nature of the war and the course of American democracy?

The Gettysburg Address.

Which state is the first to secede?

South Carolina

What do soldiers typically eat in the field?

Southerners often ate a stew of cornbread and bacon that they called "Cush." Northerners ate hardtack which were hard breads made with water and flour. Prone to weevils, some soldiers called them worm castles.

How does the South view John Brown's raid?

Southerners thought the North were coming for them with a lot more John Brown raids. Tensions were rising and they oppressed.

Which "loudmouth" state seems to be the unhinging of the balance of free and slave states in 1845?

Texas

What constitutional amendment ends slavery in 1865?

The 13th Amendment.

Which two Constitutional amendments were passed shortly after the war ended which gave African-Americans rights as citizens?

The 14th and the 15th amendments gave black individuals the right to citizenship and the right to vote.

What three day epic battle saw the defeat of Lee's invasion of the North?

The Battle of Gettysburg.

Why does the South have it has the legal right to leave the Union?

They believe they have the right because many states felt more loyal to the states then the nation.

What do soldiers typically eat in the field?

They usually ate Southners: stew and cornbread with bacon (kush) Northners: Worm castles, bread water, and flour Both see it as a chore.

Where are Union forces soundly defeated after crossing the Rappahannock River in Virginia and then running into Lee's murderous defensive positions in the December 1862?

They were defeated badly at Fredericksburg.

Who successfully leads the Union attack on Forts Henry and Donelson?

Ulysses S. Grant and flag officer Andrew Foote.

How does Thomas Jackson get his famous nickname at First Manassas/Bull Run?

While other Confederate troops got pushed back by the Union troops, Brigadier General Thomas J. Jackson along with his Brigade, stood tall and strong. Seeing this, a South Carolinian General pointed him out to his men and said, "there is Jackson, standing like a stonewall! Rally behind the Virginians!" In other words, Jackson got his famous nickname for his bravery in standing still at the advancing Union troops. He would soon be recognized by both the North and South for his military genius and unrelenting bravery with the nickname "stonewall."

What personal tragedy struck Lincoln and his family in 1862?

Willie Lincoln (son) died of typhoid fever.

Which civilian was forced to leave his home when the armies clashed there in 1861, only to return and have to leave again the next year when the two armies again fought on his property in 1862?

Wilmer McLean Note: He then moved across the state where the armies oddly ended the war in 1865 by signing a peace treaty in his living room!

What causes the New York City riot in 1863?

Working class men hated that blacks were competing with them for jobs. Taxes to pay for the war supporting this competition angered them even more. The draft, however, really set things off as they didn't want to be forced to fight for something they did not stand for.

Although the Union Army does not openly announce it is freeing slaves when it conquers Southern territory, it does legally claim that runaway slaves are _____________________ of war, meaning they are useful "war materials" and can be taken from the enemy and put to work for the North as laborers.

____enemy contraband___

Because of the death and carnage, the Sunken Road (a ready-made trench) on the Union left flank at Antietam becomes known as ___ _____________ _________________ (two words).

_bloody lane

When Grant takes command of the situation in eastern Tennessee in late 1863, Bragg is crushed at the battle of _________________ Ridge which is known as "the battle above the clouds".

_misson__

Vicksburg becomes a _______________; a type of long, drawn-out battle in which one side is surrounded and trying to hold out against attacks and bombardment while running out of supplies.

_month long siege_

What's wrong with the state of the Union Army before the battle at First Manassas/Bull Run?

a. The Union is running short on time. "Time is short, time to train, time to drill, to discipline... even the 90 day enlistments of the volunteers are running out," which pressured the Union. Moreover, the Union army was not ready to fight, nor was it in a condition to fight; they were unprepared.

Despite the fighting over political control, party realignment and economic domination, the bigger issue for 4 million people was:

about the basic human right to be free

During this decisive battle, which badly outnumbered Union leader holds off relentless Confederate attacks on the left flank on Little Round Top and saves the Union Army?

blue Colonel Joshua Chamberlain

Who is given command of a new union Army sent to invade central Virginia after McClellan fails on the Peninsula in 1862?

blue General John Polk

Who takes command of the Union Army in the East in June 1863 and was famously described as "a google-eyed snapping turtle"?

blue General Meade

Why would European powers intervene on behalf of the South?

blue Union's Blockade, it was causing the European's to be missing out on their cotton supply from the South. Also, the tensions were growing due to confederate diplomats discovered on a British ship.

What invention explodes slavery?

cotton gin

At the beginning of the war, abolitionists hound Lincoln to free the slaves, but he refuses and claims he is only fighting the war to do what instead?

preservation of the union.

How does Lincoln try to calm the South's fears after his election in 1860?

promised the South that he would not take their slaves.

Which famous Confederate general leads the defense of Richmond?

red General Robert Lee

In the first major eastern land battle in 1861, which famous Confederate general holds off defeat on Henry House Hill because he "stood there like a stone wall"? General Thomas Jackson

red General Thomas Jackson

Who is the daring, dashing, shrewd (and a bit of a show-off) young cavalry commander in Lee's Army of Northern Virginia who often rode circles around his Yankee opponents?

red James Ewell Brown Stuart or J.E.B. Stuart.

Which of his corps commanders does Lee call, "his old warhorse" because of his capable and dependable leadership throughout the war?

red James Longstreet.

What irreplaceable corps commander does Lee lose in this May 1863 battle when Confederate soldiers accidently shoot him?

red Stonewall Jackson

Lincoln doesn't gloat about the impending victory in 1865, but instead emphasizes what idea toward the end of the war?

reunification, binding up wounds, and to once again be compatriots.

For every soldier that dies on the battlefield, how many die in hospitals?

two.