CJ Final

A woman is charged with murder of her 3 young children. the case has been in the new for several weeks. which of the following pretrial motions will the defense likely file?

Motion for a change of venue

One argument for the death penalty is that it might prevent future killings by "making an example" of the offender. This is an example of:

general deterrence

Research indicates that the majority of use-of-force incidents involve

grabbing, pushing, or shoving

which of the following is not a goal of community corrections?

incapacitation

A formal accusation that an individual has committed a criminal act, typically presented by a grand jury, is called a(n)_________.

indictment

prison gangs are not a problem in the US

false

Mens rea refers to:

"the guilty mind" to show criminal INTENT

the ______ guarantees the right to a speedy trial

6th amendment

The US supreme court consists of one chief justice and _____ associate justices

8

excessive bail is prohibited under the _____ amendment of the constitution

8th

The US uses an ________ legal system that pits one side against the other side in order to reveal the truth.

Adversarial

one of the most deadly famous prison riots occurred at ____ prison in 1971

Attica

______ is considered the Father of American Policing

August Vollmer

The _______ outlawed discrimination based upon race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, and gender.

Civil rights Act of 1964

The US attorney general is the head of the ________.

Department of justice

The US legal tradition arose from

English common law

_______ occurs when a law enforcement officer convinces someone to commit a crime that he/she would not otherwise have committed.

Entrapment

The Uniform Crime Reports, Supplementary Homicide Reports, and National Incident-Based Reporting System contain crime data collected by the:

FBI

______ is a sentencing goal that aims to protect the public by removing the offender from society

Incapacitation

The ______ began in 1871 and continues today as a leader in professionalizing police officers and police agencies.

International association of chiefs of police

the office of the US attorney general was created by ________.

Judiciary Act of 1789

the ____ developed from the case of Frank Serpico who reported widespread corruption in the NYPD

Knapp Commission

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 sought to end the use of _____ to register to vote

Literacy tests

_____ policies limit police discretion in certain situations, such as intimate partner violence.

Mandatory arrest

The ______ is considered the beginning of modern public policing.

Metropolitan police act of 1829

Intentionally injuring or killing a K-9 is a(n) _______ in most jurisdictions.

Misdemeanor

the merit selection plan for selecting judges is also called the

Missouri

A group of hikers break into a cabin to escape a blizzard. While they are in there they build a fire an consume some of the owner's emergency provisions until help arrives. If the cabin owner chose to press charges for breaking and entering and theft, which defense might they use?

Necessity

As a response to rising crime rates in the 1960's and the perceived lack of control over the scale of firearms, Congress enacted the _________.

Omnibus crime control and safe streets act

Rape, robbery, and burglary are examples of _______ crimes.

Part 1

In the early days of policing, females were called________.

Police matrons

Which of the following is NOT one of the main sub components of the criminal justice system?

Rehabilitation

_____ are self-appointed distributors of justice with no legal authority.

Viligantes

______ allows a probation officer to get an instant location of the offender at any time.

active GPS

which of the following is not more common among female inmates compared to males?

aggression

SC justices are

appointed for life

When a police officer pulls someone but issues them a warning instead of a ticket, the officer is:

being a grass eater

a case may be appealed to the US supreme court by filing a writ of

certiorari

The ________ perspective of the criminal justice system hold that criminals choose to commit crimes and must be punished harshly for their actions.

crime control

The dark figure crime refers to:

crimes that do not come to the attention of the police

The academic discipline of ______ refers to the study of courts, law enforcement, and corrections.

criminal justice

Prosecutors represent victims of crime at a trial

false

which of the following is not one of the primary pains of imprisonment?

deprivation of basic needs

when a defendant is released on their own recognizance, they _________.

does not have to post any bail money

The emphasis of the ______ perspective of the criminal justice system is the assure that the accused are afforded their rights as guaranteed by the US constitution.

due process

________ is one of the most crucial elements of successful reentry after prison

employment

evidence that is favorable to the defendant is called ______ evidence.

exculpatory

A municipal judge is not require to have a law degree

false

______ is the marketing of of a distorted, highly edited, narrow view of a topic in order to entertain media consumers who believe that they are receiving comprehensive factual information.

infotainment

______- is considered the father of probation

john augusutus

All of the following are examples of decriminalization except:

justifiable homicide situations

Which of the following components of the criminal justice system is responsible for interpreting and enforcing the law?

law enforcement

______ are officers who actively seek out corrupt activities

meat eaters

A plea in which the defendant accepts the penalty without admitting guilt is called:

nolo contendre

which of the following is not one of the reasons that violence may occur in prisons?

overstaffing

most police agencies are structured under a _______ framework

paramilitary

A police officer agrees to "look the other way" at illegal gambling occurring in a local bar for a kickback of the profit. This is an example of:

police corruption

the purpose of the ______ is to determine if there is enough evidence to establish probable cause that a crime was committed

preliminary hearing

the socialization process distinct w/in prison subcultures is called ______.

prisonization

______ is a sentence that suspends or delays a term of full-time incarceration

probation

_______ is/are the most common form of criinal sanction in the united states

probation

when an officer investigates solely based upon race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin, this is known as

profiling

Which of the following crimes would be considered mala in se?

prostitution

Which of the following terms has had its definition expanded in scope over the past decade?

rape

when an officer responds to a 911 call-for-service, this is ________ policing.

reactive

the majority of criminal cases are ________.

resolved through plea bargaining

_____ refers to paying money to the victim, the victim's family, or a crime victim's fund in response to a crime committed

restitution

The _____ perspective of criminal justice system focuses on victims of crime and the harm caused by the criminal behavior.

restorative justice

judicial ______ allows higher courts to review the decisions of the lower courts and the actions of the executive and legislative branches of the gov't

review

which of the following is not one of the 3 primary duties of a probation officer?

serving subpoenas to witnesses

_______ are often considered the first organized police organization in America.

slave patrols

______ deterrence is directed toward individual offenders to discourage re offending.

specific

________ requirements of probation are rules that all offenders on community corrections must follow

standard

______ are the courts of last resort for the majority of state laws

state supreme court

which of the following is not part of the mission of correctional institution?

strip the prisoners of their dignity

A ______ violation of probation occurs when a probationer fails to abide by certain conditions of community corrections

technical

In the US, the dual court system means that ________.

the federal gov't has a court distinct from the states

______ is the fundamental principle in the criminal justice system that sets boundaries for the gov't to establish clear, stable, and fair rules to protect fundamental rights.

the rule of law

An early method of interrogation was _________, which included brutalizing an individual to gather information.

third degree

the goal of a problem solving court is ________.

to provide treatment and reduce recidivism

a _____-- institution is an isolated closed social system

total

Patrol officer duties include crime prevention, apprehending suspects, and assisting citizens.

true

a prison is a total institution

true

most probationers successfully complete their sentence

true

most states require that the victim of a crime be notified when the defendant is release prior to trial

true

proactive policing involves self-initiated officer activities to prevent crime

true

the first probation officers in the US were volunteers

true

the state is responsible for the prisoner's safety and well being

true