CJ Quizes

This is sometimes called case law, judiciary law, or unwritten law.

common law

Actus reus, mens rea, and concurrence constitute this.

guilty deed

This minor criminal offense is punishable by a fine and/or jail time for up to one year.

misdemeanor

Usually the maximum incarceration for this type of offense is up to one year in jail.

misdemeanor

Where are statutes published?

penal codes

Common law is based on this.

precedent

Laws must be _____.

a. published in the criminal code b. enacted by the legislature c. enforced in a fair and even handed manner by the authorities d. all of the above

This is the murder of three or more people in a single incident.

mass murder

This major English document contributed to U.S. law.

Constitution

In 2015, Yakima, Washington, with a population of 249,480, reported 8,825 property offenses. What was the property crime rate?

3,537 property offenses per 1000,000 inhabitants

In 2015, Albuquerque, N.M., with a population of 905,803, reported 7,179 violent criminal offenses. What was the violent crime rate?

793 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants

Most definitions of victim precipitation assert this.

A. The victim acted first during the course of the offense. B. The victim instigated the commission of the offense C. both a and b

This is the administration of a punishment or reward in accordance with morals that a given society considers correct.

justice

In this form of theft, an offender takes possessions that do not belong to him or her with the intent of keeping them.

larceny

After searching a suspect who matches a description of a robber and finding a loaded handgun, Officer Cerezo handcuffs the suspect, reads him his rights, and drives him to the station to be placed in a holding cell. Which term best describes this activity?

arrest

Which choice best describes the sources of error in the Uniform Crime Reports?

unintentional and intentional

Many offense that enter the system are systematically excluded for several reasons, which include which of the following?

A. cost B. discretion C. errors D. all of the above

Which is a logistical obstacle to measuring crime effectively and efficiently?

A. problems of definition B. Problems of resources C. Problems of politics D. All of the above

Which of the following is an important actor in a criminal offense?

A. the victim B. the perpetrator C. the criminal justice system D. all of the above

These are offenses committed by a corporation's officers who pursue illegal activity in the corporation's name.

corporate crime

Mens rea means "_____."

guilty mind

This writ is issued to bring a party before the court.

habeas corpu

Criminologists use this term to refer to instances wherein a victim plays an active role in initiating conflict.

victim precipitation

Deborah's cell phone is stolen from her bag. Later, a census taker interviews her about the incident. Which term best describes this type of research?

victimization survey

According to one study, what was the percentage of hate crimes committed by perpetrators who were strongly committed to bigotry?

1 percent

In society, which of the following dictates what is acceptable and what is punishable?

a) rules b) laws c) folkways d) all of the above

Research has shown that children who are physically abused are at a greater risk for this.

a. mental illness b. homelessness c. crime d. all of the above

Which issue guides precedent?

a. predictability b. efficiency c. reliability d. all of the above

Which is one of the three criteria used to determine what behaviors are made criminal?

a. the effects of the law b. the existence of other means to protect society from undesirable behavior c. the enforceability of the law d. all of the above

Which group of people is not included in considerations of victimization?

a. victims b. the families of the victims c. victims' communities d. all of the above may be included

To administer a legal process of judging and to pronounce a judgment.

adjudicate

These offenses are punishable by more than a year in a state prison.

felonies

This type of offense includes murder, rape, assault, larceny, and arson.

felony

Children in this age range account for the highest percentage of child abuse and neglect victims.

from birth to age 3

An example of this type of offense is conspiracy.

incohoate offence

The protection of what is an integral part of the functioning of law enforcement?

individual rights

This is a state or federal institution that confines people convicted of a crime who are serving sentences longer than a year.

prison

This is the use or threat of violence against a state or other political entity in order to coerce.

terrorism

What is the important difference between the criminal law and civil law?

the identity of the aggrieved party

How many offenses are never reported to police?

about half

This is a law enacted by a legislature.

statue

After the trial of James Holmes, who opened fire on an Aurora, Colorado, movie theater in July 2012, about 100 family members of the victims spoke in court about how the crime affected them. Which term best relates to this activity?

victim-impact statement

How does the FBI classify murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault?

violent crimes

This criminal offense is committed during the course of business for financial gain.

white collar crime

What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution called?

Bill of rights

Written on an ancient stone tablet, this collection of over 250 laws covered a wide range of issues.

Code of Hammurabi

Why is it difficult to measure white-collar and corporate crime?

Much of the investigation and regulation of corporate and white-collar crime is not done by law enforcement

Which is not one of the six arguments that can be employed in the defense against a criminal indictment?

My client did it.

This is designed to gather data on each criminal act even if several acts are committed within the same complex of behavior.

National incident-based reporting system

Which is not a reason that a victim would not report an offense?

The victim may have committed the offense

Four factors challenge the transition to greater cooperation among law enforcement agencies. Which is not one of these?

There is no formal, comprehensive concept of coordination for either routine or crisis situations.

This annual FBI publication uses data from participating U.S. law enforcement agencies to summarize the incidence and rate of reported crime.

Uniform crime reports

This is the most extensive and useful measure of crime that is available.

Uniform crime reports

This type of law comes from judicial decisions and requires judges to consider how previous cases dealt with similar issues.

case law

According to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the top layer represent?

celebrated cases

This is an action taken by a person or a group of people that violates the rules of society to the point that someone is harmed or society's interests are harmed.

crime

This criminal justice model describes the expectation of an efficient criminal justice system.

crime control model

What is the number of Crime Index offenses divided by the population of an area called?

crime rate

In legal terminology, this is the state of a child who has not yet reached the specified age to be considered an adult.

delinquency

Police officers, prosecutors, judges, and corrections officials use _____ to decide what happens to individual cases.

discretion

This legal principle states that a person cannot be tried twice for the same offense.

double jeopardy

This criminal justice model describes the expectation of a just and fair criminal justice system.

due process model

This type of law prescribes the methods for the enforcement and use of the law.

procedural

How does the FBI currently classify arson?

property crime

The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

robbery

According to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the second layer represent?

serious felonies

This consists of the rules, habits, and customs a society uses to enforce conformity to its norms.

social control

The legal principle in which courts are bound by the decisions of previous courts is called _______________.

stare decisis

This kind of crime includes interpersonal violence and property crime.

street crime

This type of offense tends to involve offenses in which the public's welfare is at issue.

strict liability

This type of law sets forth what behaviors are defined as crime.

substantive

For rape and sexual assault victims, the criminal justice process is often called this.

the second victimization

According to Christie, which is not one of the six attributes typically associated with the idea of an innocent victim?

the victim and perpetrator know each other

Which is not included in the typical definition of elder abuse?

the victim is not dependent on a caregiver